-
Prior to the fifth Century ad, the kingdom
of Rome in its early days was influenced by the
colonial style of Rome. During the 12th
century England to the convent of the temple
garden as
the representative, to the
thirteenth century evolution for ornamental
garden, then further the
private
gardens of the nobility. The British garden can be
said to be from the village to the city,
such as London's royal garden and
around the aristocratic palace. Early Renaissance,
the UK still
to imitate the Italian
style based, pay attention to rigorous axis of
symmetry and the fountains of
the
gorgeous, garden to large construction as the
main, the building in front of the low-lying and
open
field
of
vision.
Axis
on
both
sides
of
the
trees,
flower
beds,
flower
bowls
are
arranged
symmetrically and
does not damage the line of sight, the straight
road to cross, the plastic area
set
aside
the
flower
bed,
lawn,
in
the
cross
the
center
of
the
square
arrangement
of
statues,
fountains, prune the trees into
geometric type. Was Bacon's opposition, he pointed
out that the
British garden should have
wind trees and fragrant colorful flower
decoration, showing the sun
and
shade
compared
to
good
effect.
公元五世纪
之前
,
作为罗马帝国属地的英国在其早期的园
< br>林景观受到了罗马殖民方式的深刻影响。
十二世纪时英国以修道院寺园为代表，<
/p>
到十三世纪
时演变为装饰性的庭园，
而后
进一步出现了贵族的私家园林。
英国的园林可以说是由乡村向
城
市发展，
如伦敦的皇家御苑以及各地贵族的庭园。
文艺复兴的早
期，
英国仍以模仿意大利
作风为主，
注
重严谨的轴线对称和雕像喷泉的华丽，
园林中以大型建筑为主体，
建筑物的前
方地势低缓而视野开阔。
中轴线两侧绿树、
花坛、
花钵对称布置而不损视线，
道路直线交
叉，
区划出整形的花坛、草坪，在交叉广场中心布置雕像、喷泉，树木修剪成几何型等。
当时遭
到培根的反对，
他指出，
英国造
园应有防风的树和芳香多彩的花卉装饰，
呈现阳光和阴影对
比才
有好的效果。
After eighteenth
Century, the English landscape in the influence of
the landscape, there is a
natural
landscape garden. When famous landscape architect
William Conboy (Wiuianchamber)
draw the
Chinese landscape gardening techniques, and made
Chinese percussion garden in the
Royal
Botanic
Gardens.
Landscape
style
of
the
country
at
a
time.
Garden
in
the
axis
of
the
temporarily
reduced
to
secondary
status.
Generally
the
linear
rule
of
road,
trees,
hedges
and
other
natural style. The construction of arch bridge in
the curve of the river, with wood, or build a
pagoda
from
the
side,
which
shows
the
elegant
natural
scenery.
Main
buildings
nearby
green
space layout of the rules, flower color
all year round to maintain colorful, a piece of
lawn Lvyin
such
as
carpet,
as
the
entertainment
field.
The
distant
green
building
with
natural
layout
gradually, harmony with nature, for the
benefit of overlooking the natural scenery. This
garden
features
a
great
influence
in
Europe,
thus
creating
a
European
natural
landscape
garden,
the
Oriental
landscape
art
to
advance
a
step
forward.
Is
British
natural
and
simple
style
of
desalination, such as
London famous six Royal Park, one of - Regent's
Park (RegentsPark, chart) in
the
planning and construction of early that Italian
style garden features, to the beginning of the
eighteenth century, London, Regent's
Park laid the rudiment of modern park. The park
later by
the
London
land
use
planning
company
LondonLanduseConsultants
and
London
Ecological
Research
Institute
(LondonEcologyUnit)
assume
the
planning
revision
and ecological
evaluation
and in rebuilding work
further combined with the characteristics of
English style park fresh and
natural, <
/p>
basics.18
世纪后，英国园林在风景热的影响下，出现了
自然的风景园林。当时著名
造园家威廉·康伯
(Wiuianc
hamber)
吸取了中国风景式造园艺术手法，在英国皇家植物园中
< br>造了中国式的叩园。
风景式园林一时流传全国。
园林中的
轴线一时降为次要地位，
普遍地把
直线规则式的道路、列树、绿
篱等改为自然式。在弯曲的小河上建造拱桥，配以枯木，或从
旁建一宝塔，
使之呈现优雅的自然景色。
主要建筑物近旁的绿地布置采用规则式，
花坛色彩
常年保持鲜艳夺目，
成片的草坪绿茵如
毡，
可作为娱乐场。
建筑的远处绿地采用自然式布置，
逐渐与大自然调和，
以利远眺自然风光。
这一园
林特色在欧洲影响极大，
从而开创了欧洲自
然式风景园林，
把东方风景式园林艺术向前推进了一步。
被英国本土自然淳朴的风格
所淡化，
如伦敦著名的六大皇家公园之一
----
摄政园（
RegentsPark
，图）
,
在其规划建设的早期即为意
大利式园林特色，<
/p>
到十八世纪初，
伦敦摄政园奠定了现代公园的雏形。
该园后来由伦敦土地
利用规划公司
（
LondonLanduseConsultants
）及伦敦生态研究所
（
LondonEcologyUnit
）
承担了
再规划修订及生态评价工作，
在改建工作中进一步结合了
英式公园清新自然、
返朴归真的特
色。
The British Isles moist mild climate,
fertile soil, adapt to the natural growth of many
plants,
pruning
than
France
and
Italy
rules
garden
to
better
reflect
the
plant's
natural
beauty
and
ecological
characteristics and obtained satisfactory results,
regular, geometric mechanical layout
of
the latter is also easy to make people feel
monotonous landscape and restraint, so since the
middle of eighteenth Century, the
British landscape tends to natural wind,
especially the art of
gardening
once
British
contact
and
understand
China
above
the
nature
he
is
very
respected, was
introduced to the UK after the formation of the
popular natural style garden style;
also
because
of
English
literature
and
European
painting
to
advocating
natural
style
British
essayist
and
poet,
singing
praise
nature,
nature,
that
is
the
manifestation
of
naturalism
abandoned the axis of symmetry. Artist
Kent (WilliamKent 1694-1748 inherited by
transition rules
to the natural style
of gardeners Weiss (WISE) and Brey Kidman
(Bridgeman) style, using British
landscape
tree
stone
to
create
landscape
composition,
to
the
British
landscape
caused
by
landscape bring profound
influence. Eighteenth century English landscape
garden plants, bridges,
ponds, rocks,
and other form of king and other techniques, like
in carelessly between to create a
world,
this
and
the
Chinese
classical
gardens
are
very
similar.
After
Kent,
his
students
Brown
(LancelotBrown,
1715-1783)
achieved
the
achievements
reached
the
ideal
level
of
the
British
landscape, and thus become an important
representative of the British landscape style
garden.
He in the garden as far as
possible to avoid using buildings dotted, abandon
the flowers spread a
lot of turf
planting, the configuration tree, concurrently
with a small amount of water create the
illusion of rivers and streams, but due
to the destruction caused by his bold in gardening
brought
some
controversy.
Brown
students
Repton
(HumphreyRepton,
1752-1818
inheritance
and
improved the brown
style, he is still the focus in the scenic
composition, but do not rigidly adhere
to this, he knew that, owing to the
difference in time, space, location, viewpoint and
visual field,
natural scenery and the
picture has a different nature, so not to
gardening and painting equal
the beginning of nineteenth Century,
the classical garden style in England again,
but mainly concentrated in the
reconstruction of several large London Royal Park,
features is to
emphasize the diversity
of plants, rich exotic gardening.
英国三岛气候
温和湿润、土壤肥沃，适
应许多植物的自然生长，
比之法国和意
大利规则式园林的修剪更能体现植物的自然之美和生
态特性而获得满意的效果，
后者的规整、
几何机械式的布局也易使人感到景观的单调和拘束，
因此自十八世纪中叶后，英国园林趋于自然之风，特别是中国“师法自然、高于自然”的造
园艺术一经英国人接触和了解，
便甚为推崇，
引入英国后形成了流行的自然式造园风格；
也
由于英国文学和
欧洲绘画向有崇尚自然的作风，
英国散文家和诗人歌咏自然、
赞
美自然，
认
为抛弃轴线对称就是表现自然主义。画家肯特（
WilliamKent,1694-1748
）继承了由规则过渡
到自然风格的造园师威斯
(Wise)
与布瑞基曼
(Bridgeman)
的风格，
< br>运用英国山水树石创造园景
构图，
给英国的风景致园林景
观带来深刻的影响。
十八世纪英国的风景园以植物、
桥、
池塘、
山石等形成对景等手法，
似在漫不经意
间创造出一方天地，
这与中国的古典园林造园手法十