-
美国社会文化主观题
are the unique characteristics of
American Culture? And why?
美国文化独一无二的特点
是什么？为什么美国文化会有这些特点？
do American people attach importance to
money?
为什么美国人这么爱钱？
is the significance of individualism
to American people?
对美国人民来说个人主义精神
有何重大意义？
is the essence
of
“
Protestant
work ethic
”
?
What has the ethic brought to the
United
States?
“清教行为道德”的精髓是什么
？这种思想给美国带来了什么？
did the
frontier movement,which lasted more than 2
centuries,help to shape the basic
American values?
持续时间超过两个世纪的西
进运动
/
西部拓荒运动是怎么塑造美国基本价值
观的？
could be the
qualities of a
“
well-
round
”
student under
American education system?
在美国
的教育系统里，“全面发展”的学生应具有什么品质？
explain
“
checks and
balances
”
in American
government system and cite an example to
illustrate it.
请解释美国政府系统中的“分权
制衡”概念，并举出实例加以描述证明。
is
assimilation? And what is
“
m
osaic
”
? Assimilation
< br>是什么鬼？
“
mosaic
”<
/p>
又是什么鬼？
kind of
clothes will the bride and groom wear? Who are the
important persons in the bridal
party?<
/p>
在美国，新娘新郎都会穿什么？在婚礼里，哪些人很重要？
the main family structures in America
and tell the reasons of changing.
列出美国主要
的家
庭结构，并说出现今家庭结构变化的原因
the Christmas customs in America you
know.(at least 5)
列出你所了解的美国圣诞节习
俗，至少五个
are some people
are crazy about extreme
sports?
为什么有些人对极限运动十分狂热？
are the 2 problems about watching TV
in America?
美国的电视节目滋生了两大问题，
请问
是什么
?
are the major
characteristics of American country music?
< br>美国乡村音乐的主要特点是什
么？
ize the writing features of Emily
Dickinson in your
words.
用自己的话总结一下
Emily
Dickinson
的写作风格特点。
Answers:
1.
⑴
Diversity and
pluralism
多样多元
Reason:mass scale
immigration from many different
countries.
原因：来自各国的大规模移民
⑵
An extremely
strong sense of individualism,idealism and materia
lism.
极强的个人主义、理想
主义、物质主义精神。
Reason:
Historically,most
people
came
to
America
for
freedom,they
consider
themselves
as
individuals;
It
’
s a legacy of
puritans,they believe that every individual was
solely responsible for
his
own
relationship
with
God
and
they
have
a
strong
sense
of
self-reliance
and
attach
great
importance to moral values;
America is materially abundant and
Americans value material wealth very much;
原因：历史上，许多移民来到美国是为了追求自由，他们把自己看做独立的个体；
这是清教精神的遗产，
清教徒们认为每个人都独立对自己与上帝的关系负责，
他们有
很强的自立精神，也极其看重道德；
美国物质基础丰富，美国人也很看重物质财富。
2.
⑴
Because
Americans have a strong sense of materialism,they
are
very competitive and place
high value on success and
much money one owns is often their
definition of
success
——
money is
a symbol of success.
由于美国人很看重物质，他们都很
有竞争意识，很看重成功。成功的定义标准往往是看
一个人有多少财富——金钱就是成功
的象征。
⑵
Because money possess a
strong purchasing power,people can use it buy a
lot of goods.
由于钱有很强的购买力，人们可以用钱购买很多商品。
dualism is the core of American
values,it
’
s also a basic
part of American t
individualism,American people will
lost their
virtue,American
society will stop from
improving
and advancing,American spiritual pillar
will collapse and America will no longer exist.
个人主义是美国价值观的核心，<
/p>
也是美国精神的基础部分。
没有了个人主义，
美国人民将
会失去他们的优秀品质，
美国社会的发展将会停
滞不前，
美国的精神支柱将会崩塌，
美国也
将不复存在。
Individualism include idealism and
materialism.
个人主义包括理想主义和物质主义。
Idealism mean that each person should
possess a high moral character and a firm faith.
理想主义意味着每个人都应有着崇高的道德品质和坚定的信仰。
Materialism encourage
Americans to compete with others and earn as much
as they can.
物质主义驱使着美国人不断与他人竞争，尽其所能创造财富。
4.
⑴
Stress the
moral value of work
——
hard
working
强调工作处事的道德价值——奋斗
Self-discipline,self-
improvement
自律，自省自强
Personal
responsibility
——
honesty and
thrifty
个人责任感——诚实和借鉴
Wealth is good unless it leads to a
life of idleness and sin
只要不用来挥霍，不过罪恶、无所
事事的生活，拥有财富并没有什么不好的地方。
⑵
Personal respon
sibility
——
honesty
个人责任感——诚实
Wealth is
important
看重财富
Self-
reliance
自立
Hard
working
奋斗
the
frontier , both land and life were more rugged and
primitive than in the more settled areas,
there were few laws and few established
social or political institutions to confine order
to
created
a
better
future,
the
frontier
provided
many
inspiring
examples
of
hard
work.
The
competitive
race
for
success
was
rarely
more
colorful
or
adventurous,
even
daily
life
on
the
frontier
exemplified
national
values
in
a
form
which
seemed
purer
to
many
other
more
settled
areas.
Under
this
particular
circumstance
and
environment,
basic
American
values
like:individualism,
self-reliance, and equality of opportunity, were
formed. And these values have
created a
significance role on the development of the U.S. <
/p>
在拓荒的前线，
环境和日常生活都比那些相对文明稳定的地区来的
原始、
艰苦得多，
在这里，
没有完善的
法律和社会政治机构来管理、
约束人们的行为。
为了创造美好的
未来，
拓荒者们
留下了很多艰苦奋斗的榜样。
< br>拓荒运动里的出现的多种多样的竞争及所具有的浓厚冒险色彩
也是史上罕见的，<
/p>
甚至拓荒者们的日常生活都比其他地区的更能彰显美国的民族精神。
就是
在这样的环境和背景之下，
美国的基本价值观：
个人主义、
自立自强、
公平竞技、
机会均等，
诞生了。
American education system , grades in school
courses and scores on tests like the SAT are
very important, but so are
the extracurricular activities, in
these activities ,students demonstrate
their
special
talents
,their
level
of
maturity
and
responsibility,
their
leadership
quality
and
their
ability to work with others, this means
a well-rounded student should possesses good
intellectual
skills,critical thinking
skills, social and interpersonal skills.
在美国的教育体制下，学生的
SA<
/p>
T
考试成绩和平时课程的成绩固然重要，但课外活动同样
举足轻重，
在课外活动中，学生们可以展示他们特有的才能，
展示他们成熟度、领导能力和
协作能力，
这意味着
一个全面发展的学生应具有良好的思考能力，
批判思维能力，
社
交和人
际能力。
7.
⑴
Explanation:The
“
check
and
balance
”
is
a
fundamental
constitutional
principle
and
a
reflection
of the essence of the American
Constitution
——
to build a
government of
、
for
、
and by
the
people
，
to insure
justice
、
democracy
、
equality and the right of
life
、
liberty and the pursuit
of
happiness.
分权制衡原则是美国宪法基本原则
之一，反映了美国宪法精神的核心——建立一
个人民的、为民的、由人民主导的政府
,
确保公正、民主、平等以及人民生存、自由和追求
幸福的权利
The
“
check and
balance
”
divided the powers
of the government into 3 branches to
avoid
abuse
of
three
branches
respectively
are
legislative
branch
——
to
make
laws;executive
branch
——
to enforce the law
and in charge of administration; judicial
branch
——
to interpret the
branch should not interfere each other.
分权制衡原则将政府权力分成了
三个分支从而避免权力的滥用。
这三个分支分别为立法——负责颁布法律；
行政——负责执
法和
行政；司法——负责诠释法律。各分支不得干涉对方。
The
“
check and
balance
”
dispersed the
political power and created mutual accountability
among
political entities,this is
designed to prevent any group or individual from
dominating the political
system and
creating abuse of power.
分权制衡原则将权力分为各个部分
，
同时让各个政治机构、
成员必须承担共同的政治责任，
这是为了防止任何个人或者团体主导政治系统从而造成权力
的滥用。<
/p>
⑵
Illustration:Congress
make
federal
laws;
the
president
approves
and
enforces
them;
and
the
courts determine what they mean and
whether they are
’
s one
example of
“
checks
and balances
”
in
American government system.
国会制定联邦法律；
总统核准并执行法律；最高法庭负责诠释法律、检察法律是否违宪。这
就是美国政府分权制衡的一个典例。
8.
< br>⑴
Assimilation:assimilation means to
become or allow sb/sth to become a part of a
country or
community rather than
remaining in a separate the unit8 assimilation is
the process by
which those various
ethnic groups in America have been made a part of
a common cultural life
with commonly
shared values.
Assimilation
意
为成为或者让某人或某物成为某国家或者某团体的一员，而不是保持分裂、
不同的状态。
在本单元里，
assimilation
指的是美国各种各样的
民族群体慢慢接受并认同美