-
2016
年
12
月四级真题及参考答
案第一套
Part I Writing
（
30minutes
）
（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）
Directions
：
For
this part
，
you
are allowed 30 minutes to write an
essay
。
Suppose
you are two options upon
graduation
：
one
is to take a
job in a company and the
other to go to a graduate
school
。
You are
to
make a choice between the
two
。
Write an
essay to explain the reasons
for your
choice
。
You
should write at least 120 words but no more than
180 words
。
Part II
Listening Comprehension
（
25
minutes
）
Section A
Directions
：
In this section
，
you will hear three news
reports
。
At
the end of each news
report
，
you will
hear two or three questions
。
Both the news report and the questions
will be spoken only once
。
After
you hear a
question
，
you
must choose the best answer from the four
choices marked
A
）
，
B
）
，
C
）
。
Then mark the corresponding letter
on the Answer sheet1with a single line
through the centre
。
Questions 1and
2 are based on the news report you have just the
heard
。
1
。
A
）
It
was going to be renovated
。
C
）
It
was dangerous to live
in
。
B
）
He could no longer pay the
rent
。
D
）
He
had sold it to the
royal
family
。
2
。
A
）
A
storm
。
C
）
A
forest fire
。
B
）
A strike
。
D
）
A
Terrorist attack
。
Questions 3and
4 are based on the news report you have just
heard
。
3
。
A
）
They lost contact with the emergency
department
。
B
）
They were injured by suddenly falling
rocks
。
C
）
They sent calls for help via a portable
radio
。
D
）
They were trapped in an underground
elevator
。
4
。
A
）
They provided the miner with food and
water
。
B
）
They sent supplies to keep the miners
warm
。
C
）
They released the details of the
accident
。
D
）
They tried hard to repair the
accident
。
Question5 to7
are based on the news report you have just
heard
。
5
。
A
）
Raise postage
rates
。
C
）
Close some of its post
offices
。
B
）
Improve its
services
。
D
）
Redesign delivery
routes
。
6
。
A
）
Closing offices on
holidays
。
C
）
Computerizing mail
sorting
processes
。
B
）
Shortening business
hours
。
D
）
Stopping mail delivery on
Saturdays
。
7
。
A
）
A lot of
controversy will arise
B
）
Taxpayers will be very pleased
C
）
Many people will begin to complain
D
）
Many post office staff will lose their
jobs
Section B
Directions
：
In
this section
，
you will hear
two long
the end of
eachconversation
，
you will
hear four questions
。
Both the
conversation and
the questions will be spoken only
once
。
After you
hear a question
，
you must choose the best answer from
four choice
marked A
），
B
），
C
）
and D
）。
Then
mark the corresponding letter
an Answer
sheet1 with a single line though the
centre
。
Question8 to 11
are based on the conversation you have just
heard
。
8
。
A
）
He will lose
part of his pay
。
C
）
He will be
given a warning
。
B
）
He
will go through retraining
。
D
）
He is go good
terms with his
workmates
。
9
。
A
）
He is an
experienced press operator
。
C
）
He is always on
time
。
B
）
He
is trustworthy guy
。
D
）
He is go good
terms with his
workmates
。
10
。
A
）
She is a trade
union representative
。
C
）
She is better
at
handing such
matters
。
B
）
She
is a senior manager of the
shop
。
D
）
She is in
charge of
public
relation
。
11
。
A
）
He is always
trying to stir up trouble
。
B
）
He is skilled
and experienced
。
C
）
He
is very close to the
manager
。
D
）
He
is always complaining about low
wages
。
Question12 to
15 are based on the conversation you have just
heard
。
12
。
A<
/p>
）
Open
。
C
）
Selfish
< br>。
B
）
Reserved
。
D
）
Friendly
。
13
。
A
）
They read a
book
。
C
）
They stay
quiet
。
B
）
They talk about
the weather D
）
They chat with
fellow
passengers
。
14
。
A
）
She was
unwilling to make friends with
workmates
。
B
）
She
was never invited to a colleague’s
home
。
C
）
She
was eager to visit an English
castle
。
D
）
She
was always treated as a
foreigner
。
15.A
）
House are much more
quiet
。
C
）
They want a garden of
their
own
。
B
）
They want to have more
space
。
D
）
Houses provide more
privacy
。
Section C
Directions
：
In
this section
，
you will hear
three the end
of each
passage
，
you will hear three
or four the passage
and the questions
will be spoken only you hear a
question
，
you must choose the
best answer from the four choices marked A
< br>）
，
B
）
，
C
）
and D
）。
Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the
centre
。
Questions 16 to 18 are
based on the passage you have just
heard
。
16.A
）
They will automatically be given hiring
priority
。
B
）
They don’t have to go through job
interviews
。
C
）
They are likely to get much higher
pay
。
D
）
They don’t have much choice of
jobs
。
17.A
）
Visit the school careers
services
。
C
）
Look at school
bulletin
boards
。
B
）
Ask their professors for
help
。
D
）
Go
through campus
newspapers
。
18.A
）
Providing students with information
about the library
。
B
）
Helping students arrange appointments
with librarians
。
C
）
Supervising study spaces to ensure a
quiet atmosphere
。
D
）
Helping students find the books and
journals they need
。
Questions 19 to
21 are based on the passage you have just
heard
。
19.A
）
It tastes better
。
C
）
It
is easier to grow
。
B
）
It
may be sold at a higher
price
。
D
）
It
can better survive
extreme
weathers
。
20.A
）
It can grow in drier
soil
。
C
）
It
will replace green tea one
day
。
B
）
It is immune to various
diseases
。
D
）
It
is healthier than green
tea
。
21.A
）
It does not have a stable
market
。
B
）
It has made tea farmers’ life
easier
。
C
）
It does not bring the promised health
benefits
。
D
）
It has been well received by many tea
drinkers
。
Questions 22 to 25 are
based on the passage you have just
heard
。
22
。
A
）
They care more about
environment
。
B
）
They decorate their homes
themselves
。
C
）
They prefer unique objects of high
quality
。
D
）
They need decorations to show their
status
。
23
。
A
）
They made great contributions to
society
。
B
）
They could only try to create at
night
。
C
）
They were proud of their
creations
。
D
）
They focused on the quality of their
products
。
24
。
A
）
Identify fake
crafts
。
C
）
Design handicrafts
themselves
。
B
）
Make wise
choices
。
D
）
Learn the importance of
creation
。
25
。
A
）
To
attract foreign investments
。
C
）
To
arouse public
interest in
crafts
。
B
）
To preserve the traditional
culture
。
D
）
To
boost the local
economy
。
PART
Ⅲ
Reading
Comprehension
（
40
minutes
）
Section A
Directions
：
In this section
，
there is a passage with ten
blanks
。
You are
required to select oneword for each blank from a
list of choices
given in a word bank
following the the passage through
carefully before making your
choices
。
Each
choice in the bank is
identified by a
letter
。
Please
mark the corresponding letter for each
item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre
。
You may
not use any of the
words in the bank more than
once
。
Many men and women have
long bought into the idea that there
ar
e“male”and“female”brains
，
bel
ieving that explains just about every
difference between the sexes.A new
study 26 that belief
，
questioning
whether brains
really can be distinguished by
gender
。
In the
study
，
Tel Aviv
University researchers 27 for sex
differences throughout the entire human
brain
And what
did they find
？
Not much
。
Rather than offer evidence
for 28 br
ains as “male”
or“female”
，
research shows
that brains fall into
a wide range
，
with most
people falling right in the
middle
。
Daphna Joel
，
who led the
study
，
said her
research found that
while there are
some gender
‐
based 29
，
many different types of
brain
c
an’t always be
distinguished by gender
。
While the “average”male
and“average”female brains were
30different
，
you couldn’t tell it by looking at
individual brain scans
。
Only a small 31of people had “all
-
male”or“all
-
female”characteristics
。
Larry
Cahill
，
an
American neuroscientist
（
神经科学
家）
，
said the
study
is an important addition to a growing body of
research
questioning 32 beliefs about
gender and brain function
。
But he
cautioned against
concluding from this study that all brains are the
same
，
33 of gender
。
“There’s a
mountain of evidence 34 the importance of sex
influences at all levels of brain
function
，
”he told The
Seattle Times
。
If
anything
，
he
said
，
the study
35that gender plays a very
important
role in the brain
—“even when we are not
clear exactly
how
。
”
A
）
abnormal I
）
regardless
B
）
applied J
）
searched
C
）
brieflyK
）
similarities
D
）
categorizing
L
）
slightly
E
）
challenges
M
）
suggests
F
）
figure
N
）
tastes
G
）
percentage
O
）
traditional
、
H
）
proving
Section B
Directions
：
In
this section
，
you
are gonging to read a passage with
ten
statements attached to it
。
Each statement contains information
given in one of the
paragraphs
。
Identify theparagraph from which the
information is
derived
。
You may
choose a paragraphmore than
paragraph
is marked with a letter
。
Answer the questions by
marking the corresponding letter on
Answer sheet 2
。
Can Burglars Jam Your
wireless Security System
？
[A] Any product
that promises to protect your home deserves
careful
examination
。
So
it isn’t surprising
that
you’ll find plenty of
strong opinion
about the potential vulnerabilities of popular
home-security
systems
。
[B] The most likely type of
burglary
（入室盗窃）
by
far is the
unsophisticated crime of
opportunity
，
usually involving a broken or
some forced
entry
。
According
to the FBI
，
crimes like these accounted
for roughly two-thirds of all household
burglaries in the US in
2003
。
The wide
majority of the rest were
illegal
，
unforced
entries that
resulted from
something like a window being left
open
。
The FBI
does
n’t even track those
statistics
。
[C] One of the main
theoretical home-security concerns is whether
or not a given system is vulnerable to
being blocked from working
altogether
。
With wired
setups
，
the fear
is that a burglar
（入室盗窃）
might
be able to shut your system down simply by cutting
the right
cable
。
With a wireless
setup
，
you stick
battery-powered sensor up
around your
home that keeps an eye on
windows
，
doors
，
motion
，
and more
。
If they detect something wrong while
the system is armed
，
they’ll
transmit a w
ireless alert signal to aa
base station that will then
raise the
alarm
。
Thatapproach will eliminate most cord-
cutting
concerns-but what about their
wireless equivalent
，
jamming
？
With
the right device tuned
to the right frequency
，
what’s to stop a thief
from
jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal
from ever
reaching the base
station
？
[D] Jamming concerns are
nothing new
，
and
they’re not unique to
security
systems
。
Any
deviceThat’s built to receive a wireless signal at
a specific can be overwhelmed by a
stronger signal coming in on the
same
frequency
。
For
comparison
，
let’s
say you wanted to “jam” a
conversation
between two people-
all you’d need to do
is yell in the
listener’s
ear
。
[E] Security devices are required to
list the frequencies they
broadcast on-
that means that a potential thief can find what
they need
to know with
minimal Googling
。
They will
，
however
，
need to know
what system
they’ are looking for
。
If you have a sign in your yard
declaring what setup you
use
，
that’d point
them in the ri
ght
direction
，
thought at that
point
，
we’ are
talking about a highly
targeted
，
semi-
sophisticated attack
，
and not the sort of forced-entry attack
that
makes up the majority of
burglaries
。
It’s
easier to find and acquire
jamming
equipment for some frequencies than it is for
others
。
[F] Wireless security
providers will often take steps to help combat
the threat of jamming
attacks
。
SimpliSafe
，
winner of our Editors’
Choice
distinction
，
utilizes a special system that’s
capable of
separating incidental RF
interference form targeted jamming
attacks
。
When the
system thinks it’s being
jammed
，
it’ll
notify you via push
alert
（推送警报）。
From
there
，
it’s up to
you to sound the alarm
manually
。
[G] SimpliSafe
was singled out in one recent article on
jamming
，
complete
with a video showing the entire system being
effectively
bypassed with handheld
jamming equipment
。
After
taking
appropriate measure to contain
the RF interference to our test
lab
，
we
tested the attack out for
ourselves
，
and
were able to verify that it’ is
possible with the right
equipment
。
However
，
we also verified that
SimpliSafe’s anti
-jamming
system words
。
It
caught us in the act
，
sent
an alert to my
smartphone
，
and
also listed our RF interference on the
system’s event
log
。
The team
behind the article and video in question
make no mention of the
system
，
or
whether or not it detected
them
。
[H] We like the unique
nature of that software
。
It means that a
thief likely
wouldn’t be able to Google how the system
words
，
then
figure out a way around
it
。
Even if they
could
，
SimpliSafe
claims that
its system is always
evolving
，
and
that it varies slightly form system to
system
，
which means there wouldn’t be a
universal magic formula for
cracking
it
。
Other systems
also seem confident on the subject of
jamming
。
The team at Frontpoint addresses the
issue in a blog on its
site
，
citing their own jam protection
software and claiming that there
aren’t
any documented cases of a successful jam attack
since the
company began offering
wireless security sensors in the
1980s
。
[I] Jamming attacks are
absolutely possible
。
As said before
，
with
the right equipment and
the right know-how
，
it’s possible to jam any
wireless
transmission
。
But
how probable is it that someone will
successfully jam theirway into your
home and steal your stuff
？
[J] Let’s
imagine that you live in a small home with a
wireless
security setup that offers a
functional anti-jamming
system
。
First
，
a
thief is going to need to
target your home
，
，
he’s
going to need to know the technical
details of your system and acquire
the
specific equipment necessary for jamming your
specific setup
。
Presumably
，
you keep your doors locked at night and
while you’re
away
，
so the thief will still need to break
in
。
That means
defeating the
lock
somehow
，
or
breaking a window
。
He’ll
need to be jamming you
at this
point
，
as a
broken window or opened door would normally
release the alarm
。
So
，
too
，
would the motion detectors in your
home
，
so the
thief will need to continue jamming once he’s
inside and
searching for things to
steal
。
However
，
he’ll need to do so without
tripping the anti-jamming
system
，
the
details of which he almost
certainly
does not have access to
。
[K] At the end
of the day
，
these
kinds of systems are primarily
designed
to protect against the sort of opportunistic
smash-and-grab
attack that makes up the
majority of burglaries
。
They’re also only a
single
layer in what should ideally be a many-sided
approach to
securing your
home
，
one that
includes common sense things like sound
locks and proper exploit lighting at
night
。
No system
is impenetrable
，
and none can promise to eliminate the
worst case completely
。
Every
one of them has
vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could
theoretically
exploit
。
A good
system is one that keeps that worst-case
setting as improbable as possible while
also offering strong protection in
the
event of a less-extraordinary
attack
。
36
。
It is possible for burglars to make
jamming attacks with the
necessary
equipment and skill
。
37
。
Interfering with a wireless security
system is similar to
interfering with a
conversation
。
38
。
A burglar has to continuously jam the
wireless security device
to avoid
triggering the alarm
，
both inside and outside the
house
。
39
。
SimpliSafe provides devices that are
able to distinguish
incidental radio
interference from targeted jamming
attacks
。
40
。
Only a very small proportion of
burglaries are committed by
technical
means
。
41
。
It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as
its system keeps changing
。
42
。
Wireless devices will transmit signals
so as to activate the
alarm once
something wrong is detected
。
43
。
Different measures should be taken to
protect one’s home
from burglary in
addition to the wireless security
system
。
44
。
SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning
to the house owner’s
cellphone
。
rs can easily
get a security device’s frequency by
Internetsearch
。
Section C
Directions
：
There
are 2 passages in this section
。
Each passage is
followed by some questions or
unfinished statements
。
For each of them
there are
four choices maked A
）
，
B
）
，
C
< br>）
and
D
）
。
You should
decide
on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2
with a single line through the
centre
。
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are
based on the following
passage
。
As a person who writers
about food and drink for a
living
，
I
couldn’t tell you the first thing about
Bill Perry or whether the beers he
sells are that
great
。
But I can
tell you that I like this
guy
。
That’s
because he plans to ban tipping in
favor of paying his servers an actual
living wage
。
I hate
tipping
。
I hate it because it’s an
obligation disguised as an
option
。
I hate it
for the post-dinner math it requires of
me
。
But
mostly
，
I hate
tipping
because I believe I would be in
a better place if pay decisions regarding
employees were simply left up to their
employers
，
as is
the custom in
virtually every other
industry
。
Most of you probably think
that you hate tipping
，
too
。
Research
suggest
otherwise
。
You
actually love tipping
！
You like to feel that you
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