-
牛津高中英语模块一（第
< br>1
讲）
【教学内容与教学要求】
一、
教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一
Unit 1
（上）
二、教学要求：
1
< br>．掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。
2
．学会描述校园生活和学校设施。
High school is a time of discovery,
learning and hard work!
高中是探索、
学习和辛勤劳动的时期
Huge campus and
low-rise building
学校面积大，没有高层建筑。
Twelve laboratories are available for
different experiments.12
个实验室
可供不同试验使用。
Each room comes
with its own bothroom and Internet access.
< br>每个房间都
有自己的卫生间和英特网接口。
3
．学习阅读技巧：
skimming&scan
ning
。
4
．语法：定语从句（一）
【知识重点与学习难点】
一、
重要单词：
access
achieve
attend
assembly
article
available
average
canteen
club
challenging
context
donate
display
experience
extra
graduate
gym
heading
locker
low-rise
literature
poster
relax
二、重点词组：
class
teacher
班主任
at
ease
with
和
…
.
相处不拘束
school
hours
学校作息时间
earn
respect
from
赢得
…
的尊敬
sound
like
听起来象
for
free
免费
get
a
general
idea
了解大意
as
well as
除
…
.
以外
,
也
key
words
关键词
word by word
逐字逐句
地
find one
’
s way
around
认识路
develop an interest in
培养对
…
.
的兴趣
surf the
Internet
网上冲浪
【难点讲解】
1.
What is your
dream school life like?
你理想中的学校生活是什么样子
?
这里
dream
表示心目中最理想的
.
如
dream team
(
梦之队
)
。
2.
Going to a
British high school for one year was a very
enjoyable and
exciting experience for
me.
去一所英国中学读书一年对我来说是一次令人愉快和兴奋的经
< br>历。
Going
在本句里作动名词，它和后面的
to a British
high school for
one
year
构成动名词短语作句子的主语。
Go to a
British high
school
本来是个动词词组，在
go
后面加上
ing
后，它就具备名词的
特
性可以在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语。
< br>动词的现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语，但所表达的意思不同
,
现在分词作定语常表示
“令人
…
”
、
“正在
…
.
”
;
例如
exciting news,
sleeping
dog;
过去分词则有被动或完成的意思
,
常表示“感到
…
.
< br>的”
、
“被
…
< br>.
的”
,
例如：
an excited crowd of people, broken
heart.
3.
I
was
very
happy
with
the
school
hours
in
Britain
because
school
starts around 9 a.m. and ends about
3.30 p.m.
我对英国学校的作息时间很满意因为学校大约上午
9
点开始上课，
下午
3
点半左右放学。
Be happy
with=be pleased with,
around=about
。
4.
This means I
could get up an hour later than usual as schools
in China
begin before 8 a.m.
这意味着我可以晚一小时起床，因为在中国学校
8
点钟上课。
as
adv.
同样地
,
被看作
,
象
prep.
当做
conj.
与
...
一样
,
当
...
之时
,
象
,
因为
本单元多次出现
as,
用法各不相同
,
应注意比较。
另外
< br>as
还可以构
成一些常用词组：
as
if
就好像
, as far as
就
…
.
而言
,
so as to
以便于
,
as
for
至于
, such
as
例如，等等。
mean
:
意味着
,
后面通常加名词或宾语从句。例如：
The attack of Pear Harbor meant a
declaration of war with the United
States.
The
raise
of
salary
means
that
I
can
send
my
daughter
to
a
better
school.
5.
He also told us that the best way to
earn respect from the school was
to
work hard and achieve high grades.
他还告
诉我们赢得学校尊敬的最好方法是努力学习并取得好成
绩。
The
best
way
to
do
sth
is
to
…
..
结构用来表达做某事的最好方法
是
…
..,
例如
:
The best way to learn English is to use
it as often as possible.
6.
I found the homework was not as heavy
as what I used to get in my
old school,
but it was a bit challenging for me at first
because all the
homework was in
English.
我发现这儿的家庭作业没有我原来学校的多，但一开始对我有些
挑战性，因为所有作业都是英语的。
As
…
..as,
< br>中间加形容词或副词
,
一般要连接两个相同的句子成分<
/p>
,
请比较下面两句话
:
You hate him as much as I (=You hate
him as much as I hate him).
You hate
him as much as me(=You hate him as much as you
hate me).
Used to
过去常常
,
隐含的意思是现在的情况已经不同。例如
:
She used to study very hard. ( She does
not study so hard any more).
Used to
的否定形式是
usedn
’
t to/ didn
’
t use to
注意：
be used to sth/doing
表示习惯于
…
.
7.
Cooking was
really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and
cook food.
当我学着怎样买菜、洗菜、烧饭时，烹饪真的是一件有趣的事。
fun
是名词
,
有趣的事情
,
副词
really
并非修饰它
,
而是修饰前面的
be
动词
was
试比较
: He is really a funny
guy.
和
He is a
really funny
guy.
这两句
意思虽然相同
,
但
really
修饰的对象不同
,
因此说话的侧重点也不
同。
8.
I do like
eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in
your article.
就像你在文章中提到的那样，我的确喜欢在饭后吃甜食。
Do
、
did
在陈
述句中，用在动词前表示强调，可译作的确、确实。
9.
Upon finishing
his studies, he started travelling in China.
完成学业之后，他开始在中国旅行。
介词
upon/ on
加
doing
相当于带
as soon as
的时间状语从句。
Upon
finishing his study
＝
As soon
as he finished his study
10.
F
ormer student return from
China
一位校友从中国归来
former, past, old
虽然都和过去有关，
但
侧重点不同。
former
：
“过
去曾经是
...
的、
前任
…
.
”
, past:
“
过去的
”
old
“老的、从前的”
。
例如
: former
president
前总统，
past
experience
以往的经验，
my old
school
我的母校。
11.
e
arn,
achieve
和
gain
这三个单
词的基本意思都是“
get
”但含义不尽相同
< br>,
earn
：
get as
the
reward of work
（
挣，
得到
…
作为工作的回报）
,
achieve
：
get what
you
want by effort(
成就
,
通过努力达到某个目标
),
gain
和“
get
”的
用法最接近，它对得
到的方法和内容都没有具体要求。常见搭配
:
earn
money/
a
living/
one
’
s
respect/
one
’
s
bread,
achieve
a
gaol/
success/
purpose/
high
grade,
gain
experience/
weight/
an
advantage
over/ time/ the upper hand(
占上风
)/
ground(
取得进步
).
【语法】
定语从句
(1)
用来说明主句中某一
名词或代词
（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一
部分）
而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
定语从句的作用和作定语
的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金
发女孩
可译作
a blonde girl
，
a girl with blonde
hair
或
a girl who has
blonde
hair
。定语从句通常由关系代词
that/ which/
who/ whom/ which/
as
或关系副词
when/
where/ why
引导，
这些词既指代主句中要说明的
名词或代词
,
又充当从句中的某个句子成分。请看例句：
is the only person who can
keep a cool head in time of crisis.(who
指代主句中的先行词
person,
在从句中作主
语
)
is the
only friend whom(
或
who) I can
rely on. (
指代
friend
，在从
句中作宾
语
,
所以常用代词
< br>who
的宾格形式
).
is
no longer the weak nation that she used to be. (
关系代词
that
指代
weak nation
，在从句中作表语
)
school
whose
floor
space
is
very
limited
can
’
t
take
in
one
more
student. (
关系
代词
whose
指代
the
school
’
s
，
从句中作
floor
space
的
定语
)
5.I like to go to the gym where I can
have a work-out after sittiong for a
day. (
关系副词
where
指代主句中的地点状语
gym
在从句中作状语
)
【阅读技巧】
Skimming &
Scanning
Skimming
略读，
< br>skim
原意是轻轻掠过表面，作为阅读技巧是指通过
浏
览文章标题，主题句，插图和图表等方法了解文章的大意。
Skan,
本意是扫描，这里指用眼光快速扫视书报等材料寻
找我们想要的信
息。他们的区别在于
Skimming
是为了了解文章的大意
,
而
Scanning
是为了寻找某些具体信息。
Skimmi
ng
& Scanning
都是快速阅读的重
要策略，也是信息时代我们必备的技能。尤其是在阅读英语时，注重
练习
Skimming
&
Scanning<
/p>
可以帮助克服逐字逐句的阅读习惯（如
finger-point
reading, lip
reading
）
，提高阅读速度。
【补充阅读】
阅读这篇文章
,
根据中文提示和上下文写出所缺的单词
:
My School Day
I
leave home at 6:45 and walk 20 minutes to
______(
赶
)
a bus
to school. The bus is a special one just for kids
going to my school. The
_______(
路程
) on the bus takes
an hour because it has to keep stopping
to pick up other
students along the
way.
When I arrive at school,
I______(
领取
) my Tablet PC
from the Flexi (Flexiable Learning
Centre). Then I go to
my Tutor Room for
Registration at 8:30. We listen to
announcements to see what special
things are happening
at school today or
this week.
At about 8:50 we
leave Tutor Room to go to our First
Period. Every day I have a different
Lesson the first
period. Normally it is
Humanities but I also have Maths,
Drama
and Music, and French on the other days. Each
period lasts an hour.
All my lessons are in different rooms
and places around
the school. Each Room
either has a three_____(
位
)
number or a name. The numbers are very
hard to
remember!. I have different
teachers for each lesson. I
have a
_______(
存物柜
) where I can
store some of my
stuff but
otherwise I have to carry it all around with my
in my bags.
Swipe Cards
Every
Student carries a swipe card. We swipe into every
lesson to let the school know that we
have _____(
参加
)
that certain lesson and to know where
we are in case of
emergencies.
On the Swipe Card there are
two stripes, a black and a
brown. The
brown is to swipe into lessons and the black
is to get into the toilets and
buildings.
We can put money on our
Swipe cards instead of
carrying cash
around. When we want to pay for snacks at
the Tuck Shop or canteen we just hand
over our cards
and they deduct the
money.
Subjects
Maths,
English
Drama
Music
Humanities (History,
Geography, and Religion)
Science
ICT
Art
PE
French or Spanish
Time Table
9:00
1st Period
10:00 2nd Period
11:00 - 11:20 Break
During
break, I have a snack and play and chat with my
friends. Usually we play 'IT' a chasing
game. Snow ball
fight when it snows is
dead fun.
11:20 3rd Period
12:30 4th Period
1:30 - 2:10
Lunch
I bring a packed lunch to school
but occasionally I have
school dinners
in the School______(
食堂
).
2:10 5th Period
3:10 End of School
Sometimes I stay after school for
clubs.
Canteen
The Canteen is open at Lunch Time and
Break Time.
Most hot food is served
only at lunch time. Chips are
only_______(
买的到
)
on Mondays and Fridays.
【同步练习】
一、
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
1
．
I still
remember the time _______ I first became a high
school student.
2.
There
are
many
places
in
London
_______
you
can
buy
a
cup
of
coffee.
3. That is the
reason _____ he is so keen on school activities.
4. China is a country_______ history
can be dated back to 3000 BC.
5. He is
driving a car ______ can travel at 150 mile per
hour.
6. He has to fly to all the major
cities of the world ______ his company
has set up offices.
7. The
lady _____ we met in the bar is eyeing us from the
corner .
are facing the same problem
____ we did years ago.
二、将下列每组句子合成一个带定语从句的复合句：
1.
The anti-
Japanese aggression war broke out on July the
7
th
.
It lasted
for eight years.
2.
On his website
we saw some photos.
Mr. Lee
took these photos in
Europe.
3.
On the way to
school I saw some trees. Their leaves were eaten
up by
insects.
4.
Shelley likes to spend her leisure time
in the students
’
union. She
can
meet many international students
there.
5.
Jane
’
s father
wants her to be a singer. He himself has always
wanted
to be a singer himself.
参考答案
一、
1. when
2. where/in which 3. why
4. whose
5. which/that
6.
where
7. whom/who
8. as
二、
1.
The anti-Japanese aggression war which
lasted for eight years broke
out on
July the 7
th
.
2.
On his website
we saw some photos which Mr. Lee took in Europe.
3.
On the way to
school, I saw some trees whose leaves were eaten
up by
insects.
4.
shelley likes to spend her leisure time
in the students
’
union where
she
can meet many internatioal
students.
5.
Jane
’
s
father
wants
her
to
be
the
singer
that
he
himself
has
always
wanted to be.
阅读填空：
catch,
journey, collect, digit, locker, attended,
canteen, available
牛津高中英语模块一
（第二讲）
【教学内容与教学要求】
一、教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一
Unit 1
（下）
二、教学要求：
1
< br>．掌握和学校活动有关的常用单词、词组与句型。
2
．学会用英语写通知和海报。
3
．语法：定语从句（二）
【知识重点与学习难点】
一、重要单词：
contest,
replace,
possession,
complete,
include,
programme,
present(v),
event,
item,
venue,
timetable,
compare,
issue,
order,
dynasty,
professor,
unnecessary,
attractive,
underline,
approve,
,
generation,
require,
scary,
design,
draft,
wording,
previous,
finalize,
poem,
poet,
confident,
run(manage,operate), host, hostess,
advertise,vote.
二、重点词组：
refer
to
指
,
function
as
当作
…
使用
,
具有
…
.
的功能
,
leave
out
省
略
, relate to
和
…
相关
, pay attention
to
注意
, in short
form
用宿略的
形式
, take
place
发生
, make
decision
作决定
, make
comparison
作比较
,
take turns
轮流
,
follow the outline
按照纲要
, be
responsible for
对
…
负责
,
consist
of
包含
,
由
…
构成
,
come
up
with
想出
,
base
on
根据
,
have
it
approved
by
…
征得
…
..
的同意
, inform sb of
sth
告知
, sign
up
签名参加
.
【难点讲解】
1. I have
to do my home work in a place that has desks and
chairs.
我必须在一个有课桌椅的地方做家庭作业。
I don
’
t want to
study in a room where desks and chairs are too
small.
我不想在桌椅太小的房间里学习。
第一句里定语从句
that has
desks and chairs
的关系代词
that
指代主
句中的名词
room
< br>，
作从句的主语；
第二句里定语从句
where desks and
chairs are too
small
的关系副词
where
指代主句中的
in a room,
在
从句中是地点状语。试比较：
1
）
This is the beach
where
(on which) many North Europeans
spend
their summer holidays.
2
）
This is the beach
that
(which) has white sand and palm
trees.
上一句的
beach
是
北欧人度假的地方，
在这个地方是地点状语，
所以
用关系副词
where
指代
;
下一句中有白沙和棕榈树的是
beach
，
它是
从句的主语，所有以用关系代词
that
来指代。
2.
Besides,
I
might
be
reading
the
books
in
your
father
’
s
bookcases
instead.
除此之外，我也许会只顾看你爸爸
书橱里的书，而不是去做作业。
She
will
be
reading
newspapers
and
magazines
instead
of
doing
her
homework.
她将会忙着看报纸杂志而不是做作业。
“
might be reading
”
，
“
will be readin
g
”
属于
“情态动词＋
be+doing
”
的结构
，
表示对某个时间正在发生的事情的预言、
推测或期待。
例如：
I shall be
lying in bed and watching my fvourite football
game by the
time he finishes his homewo
rk..
等他做完家庭作业时，我早就会躺在床
上看我喜爱的足
球比赛了。
“
instead
，
instead of
”
都表示“代替，而不是
…
.
”
“
instead
< br>”通常
需要承接上文才能表达完整的意思，
“
instead
of
”则可以在一句话
中表达做了和没做的事情。例如：
1
）
We
didn
’
t go home after school.
We went to a net café
instead.
→
Instead of
going home after school, we went to a net
café
.
2)
Students
in
UK
don
’
t
have
lots
of
home
work..
They
have
many
school
activities.
→
Students in UK have many
school activities instead of homework.
3.
A
programme
is
a
plan
of
activities
to
be
done
or
things
to
be
achieved.
规划是指要进行的活动或要完成任务的计划。
划线部分是不定式的被动语态作定语，表示要做的事情。
4.
The more choices you have, the better
your final decisions will be.
相当于：
If
you
have
more
choice
(
条件状语从句为一般现在时
),
you will make better
decision
（主句用将来时）
.
你的选择越多，
最后的决定就越好。
“
The+
比较级（
adj/adv
）
或含比较级的词组，
the+
另一个比较级
（
adj/adv
）
或含比较级的
词组”
,
表示
“越
……
就越<
/p>
…
..
”
。
5.
Your teacher has received an e-mail
from a friend asking her about a
history book from your school library.
你的老师收到一位朋友的电子邮件，询问你们学校图书馆里的一
本历史书。
划线部分是现在分词短语作定语，补充说明宾语
e-mail
的内容。
6.
ISBN (
International Standard Book Number)
国际标准图书编号
ISSN
（
International Standard
Serial Number
）国际标准期刊编号
7
．
mak
e
常见的动宾搭配
:
make
tea/coffee
沏茶、
冲咖啡
, make friends
交朋友
,
make
mistakes
犯错误
,
make
trouble
惹麻烦
,
make
a
suggestion
提建议
,
make
a
fire
生火
,
make
faces
做鬼脸
,
make
a
decision
做决定
,
make
comparasions
作比较
,
make
a
living
谋生
,
make money
挣钱
, make a
request
提要求
, make an
application
申请。
【写作】通知和海报
通知
是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事
情或召开会议
等所使用的应用文。以布告形式贴出，把事情通知有
关人员，如学生、观众等，通常不用
称呼；通知要求言简意赅、措
辞得当、时间及时。
例一：
布告形式的通知：通常此类通知上方正中写
< br>Notice
或
NOTICE
（
通知）
，发出通知的的单位的具体名称可放在正文前，
也可放在
正文后，右下角处，发出通知的日期写在左下角处。例如
NOTICE
All
mumbers of the
students
’
union
are
requested
to
meet
in
the
school
conference
room
on
Saturday,
Sept18th,
at
2:00
p.
m.
to
discuss
questions
of
international
culture
exchanges
with New Zealand high school band.
Sept.14,
2005
海报的形式和媒体没有特殊要求，它要先用简明、生动的图文吸引
过往人群的注意力，再以简洁扼要的文字、图表介绍你要向公众发
布的信息。文字部分
一般包括主题句或主题词和条理清楚、简单明
了的内容介绍。下面是一个网上海报，供大
家参考：
Make a poster explaining a
safety rule.
It should give
us a good Stay Alert message.
If
your
poster
wins
you
will
receive
a
SASS
T-shirt and it will appear in the SASS
Gallery.
Mail
poster to:
you
Stay Alert
... Stay
Safe
P.O. Box
93006,
499 Main St. S.
Brampton,
Ontario
L6Y 1N0
【语法】定语从句
(2)
1
．定语从句中关系代词
that
、
which
用来指代物，
who
、
whom
和
that
<
/p>
用来指代人，
whose
用来表示所属关
系，
关系副词
when
、
where
和
why
指代时间、地点和原因。
2
．关系代词的用法
(1)
如
果
先
行
词
是
all,
much,
anything,
something,
nothing,
everything,
little,
< br>none
等不定代词，关系代词一般只用
that
，不用
which
。例如：
< br>
All that I have is my love for this
land.
There isn
’
t
much that we can do to ease his pain.
(2)
如果先行词被形容词最高级以及
first,
last,
any,
only,
few,
much, no, some, very
等词修饰，
关系代词常用
that,
不用
which
。
例如
：
The last person that we
want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam.
No
nation
that
is
capable
of
such
atrocity
can
be
trusted
by
its
neighbours.
(3)
非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词
that,
作宾语用的关
系
代词也不能省略。例如：
There
are
about
seven
million
people
taking
part
in
the
election,
most of whom are well educated.
(4)
which
还有一种特殊用法，
它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个
主
句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，
which
可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与
and
this
相
似。例如：
She
failed in her attempt to catch the
prince
’
s attention, which
was a
great disappointment to her
mother.
(5)
如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用
which;
< br>若是指集体中的各个成员，则用
who
。
(6)
先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用
that
。
例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the
picture are very lovely.
(7)
如果先行词是
anyone, anybody,
everyone, everybody, someone,
somebody,
关系代词应该用
who
或
whom
< br>，不用
which
。例如：
Is
there anyone here who will go with you?
(8)
关系代词
that/which/who/whom<
/p>
在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
例如：
The girl (whom) you just saw is the
cheer leader of our football club.
Every moment(that) we spent in the UK
will be a precious memory
for us.
As
在定语从句中的用法
一
.
引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
（１）
as
多与
such
或
the
same
< br>连用，可以代替先行词是人或物
的名词。
（２）
as
也可单独使用，引导非限
制性定语从句，作用相当于
which
。例如：
The
elephant
’
s nose is like a
snake, as anybody can see.
二．关系副词引导的定语从句
1
．关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．
地点或原因。
关系副词
when
在从句中充当时间状语，
where
充当地点状语，
why
< br>充当原因状语。
例如：
We
shall
always
remember
the
day
when
Japan
surrendered
to
the
ally
force.
This is one of the few places where you
can buy top quality wine.
2.
that
有时也可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因
That
有时可以代替关系副词
when,
where
或者
why
引导定语从
句表示时间．
地点或原因，
这种定语从句中的
that
也可以省去。
例如：
That is the time(that) he arrives.
That is the reason (that) he came.
【同步练习】
一、
选择适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
1.
His
parents
wouldn’t
let
him
play
with
anyone
______
scores
was
poor.
A. of whom
B. whom
C. of whose
D. whose
2. She heard a terrible noise, _______
brought her heart into
her mouth.
A. it
B. which
C.
this
D.
that
3.
In
the
dark
street
,
there
wasn’t
a
single
person
_____
she
could get help.
A.
that
B. who
C. from whom
D.
to whom
4.
The
day
_______
he
chose
for
his
son
wedding
was
a
lucky
day
in the lunar calendar.
A. when
B.
where
C. that
D. who
5.
After
living
in
Pairs
for
fifty
years
he
returned
to
the
small
town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. when
6
．
This
monument
is
all
______
remains
of
the
ancient
kingdom.
A. it
B. that
C. when
D.
which
7
．
He
mentioned
a
book
the
tile
of
______
I
can
’
t
remember
now.
A
．
who
B
．
which
C
．
this
D
．
what
8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese
vase , _____ was very
reasonable.
A.
which
price
C.
the
price
of
which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
9._____ has already been pointed out ,
grammar is not a set of
dead rules.
A. As
B. It
C. That
D. Which
10.
He
lived
in
London
for
3
months
,
during
____
time
he
learned
some English.
A. this
B. which
C. that
D.
same
11. On the wall hangs a picture,
_____ color is blue.
A.
whose
B.
of
which
C.
which
D.
its
12.I still remember the
time ______ I first became a college
student.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D.
when
13.
still
talks
like
the
man______
he
was
ten
years
ago.
A. that
B.
where
C. which
D. there
14.
The
boss
____
department
Ms
King
worked
ten
years
ago
looked
down upon women.
A.
in
which
B.
in
that
C.
in
whose
D.
whose
15.I don’t like _____
you speak to her.
A.
the
way
B.
the
way
in
that
C.
the
way
which
D.
the
way of which
16.I
had
neither a raincoat
nor an
umbrella
._______ I got wet
through .
A.
It’s the
reason
B.
That’s why
C.
There’s why
D.
It’s how
17.
He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of
great
importance to science.
A. which I think is
B.
which I think it is
C. which I think it
D.I think which is
18.
There is only one dish on the table_______ I want
to eat .
A. who
B. that
C.
what
D. whcih
参考答案
一、
1-5 DBCCB
6-10 BBCAB
11-15 ADACA
16-18 BAB
牛津高中英语模块一
（第
3
讲）
【教学内容与教学要求】
一、
教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一
Unit 2
（上）
二
、教学要求：
1
．学习谈论青少年经常遇到的问题
。
2
．学会戏剧脚本。
3
．了解英语口语和书面语的差别。
4
．语法：定语从句（三）
【知识重点与学习难点】
一、
重要单词：
act(n),
scene,
curtain,
trash,
garbage,
charge,
adult,
,
behavior, teenager, punish, period,
argument, relationship,
force,
unpleasant,
character,
explain,
slam,
vet(veterinarian),
style,
mess,
thumb,
vs(versus),
plus,
competition, sink, fault, boring.
二、重点词组：
common
to
对
…
来说很普遍
,
turn
up
调高声音
,
出现
a
waste
of
浪
费
,
no more
不再
,
spare
time
空余时间
,
force
…
.to
…
强迫（某人）
做
,
can
’
t wait to..
迫不及待地要
, be supposed
to
被期望或要求
,
本应该，
do with
处置
,
忍受，
需要
be a mess/ in a
mess
乱成一团
,
leave
sb
in
charge
委托
…
..
负责
,
act
like
行为举止象
…
,
go
unpunished
不受惩罚
,
go
out
熄灭
, have
one
’
s arm
crossed
双臂交叉抱
在胸前
,
deserve
to
值得去做
,
常用否定形式表示“不配”
be
hard
on
对某人苛刻
,
now
that
既然
,
in
the
form
of
以
的形式
,
than
ever
before
比以前任何时候都
,
be angry at
对某事生气
, even
if
即使
, treat sb
like
…
象
一样对待
,
argue
about
为
…
而争吵
,
the
cause
of
起因
,
differ in many
ways
在许多方面不同
, fit
badly
非常不合身。
【难点讲解】
1.
Eric runs in
after it, followed by a big dog, walking very
slowly.
埃里克跟着球跑进来，后面跟着一条大狗，狗走得很慢。
这句话里有两个不同层面上的状语：过去分词短语“
followe
d by a
big dog
”
是谓语
“
runs in
”
的伴随状语，
而现在分词短语
“
walking
very
s
lowly
”描述的是大狗跟随埃里克进来的行走方式，是动词
“
follow
”的状语。
伴随状语
通常由现在分词短语、过去分词短语或介词短语承当。
当伴随动作由主语发出时，用现在分词，当伴随动作由其他人或
物发
出时用过去分词。例如：
He ran after the
thief, shouting angrily.
She
sat
nervously
in
the
grand
sitting
room,
watched
closely
by
the
butler.
The soldiers stood
silently along the pass, rifles in hand.
2.
You weren
’
t
supposed to come home until tomorrow.
你们应该明天才回家的。
be supposed to
do
sth
:
被期望或要求去做
,
本应该去做。例如
;
You are supposed to hand in your
articles this Friday.
Girls are
supposed to behave more quietly in this country.
在肯定句中
until
必须和持续性动词连用时，在否定句里它主要和短
暂性动词连用也可以和持
续性动词连用，
表示直到某时某个动作才开
始。
Until
还可以用在强调句中。
Not
until
放在句首时，
句子要倒装。
例如
:
He slept until 8
o
’
clock.
He
didn
’
t wake up till e8
o
’
clock.
It was
not until 8 o
”
clock that he
woke up.
Not until 8
o
’
clock did he wake up.
I won
’
t be free
till Friday.
3.
The
money
with
which
you
were
to
buy
dog
food
is
gone,
but
Spot
looks so
hungry.
本该用来买狗食的钱不见了，但斑点狗看起来饿得厉害。
“
with
which
you
were
to
buy
dog
food
”
是定语从句
,
当关系代词
是介词宾语时
,
介词常放在关系代词之前。例如<
/p>
:
the
village we used to live
in
→
the village in which we
used to live
主语
＋
be
动词
+
不定式表示“按计划将要做”
，例如
;
We are to hold
up the enemy while our troups retreat.
The presidential candidate
is to make a speech in our town on his way
to Washington.
4.
We thought you
were an adult, a person from whom we could expect
good decisions.
我们原以为你是个成年人，
一个我们可以指望他做出正确决定的
人。
划线部分是“
an
adult
”
的同位语，
它
和“
an
adult
”所指相同，
句法功能也相同，是对“
an
adult
”含义进一步的说明。这个同位<
/p>
于
本
身
又
带
有
定
语
从
句
from
whom
we
could
expect
good
decisions
。
Expect
sth
from
sb
:
期望从某人那里得到或看到某
事，
例如
: You can
never expect generosity from a miser.
5.
This is not a family where bad behavior
goes unpunished.
我们家不是一个放纵不良行为的家庭。
根据上
文，
this
是指
our family
。动词
go <
/p>
后面可以跟形容词，表
示“变得”
，例如
：
go
bad
（变质）
, go
dry
（变干）
, go
mad
（发疯）
, go international
（国
际化）
。
Go
和一些含否定意义的形容词连用，则表示“不受
……
的
,
未被
…
的”
,
如
: go
unchallenged, go unnoticed.
His theory has gone unchallenged in the
world for half a century.
It
’
s
strange that such a mistake can go unnoticed in
the textbook.
6.
If they knew that Spot was ill and we
used the money to take him to
the
vet
…
假如他们知道
Spot
得了病
,
而我们用那笔钱带他去看兽医的
话
……
..
这句话用的是虚拟语气
,
省略的部分是
:
they
would
understand
why the money is gone and the house is
a mess.
当说话人只表示一
种假设的情况、一种主观愿
望，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态
并非真实时，使用虚拟语气。表示和现在事实相反时
，主句用过
去将来时，条件从句用一般过去时。例如
:
If I were you, I should wait till next
week.
I she saw you now, she
wouldn
’
t recognize you.
7.
None of us
stopped to think and we should have.
我们本应当停下来想想，而我们都没有那么做。
Stop to
do
表示停下来去做另一件事，
stop
doing
则表示停止正在
做的事情。
should have
也是一种虚拟语气，表示过去本应当做的事情。这里完整的句
子
应该是
:
We should have stopped to think, but
none of us did.
8. Can you
explain to me now why the house was a mess and
what you
did with the cash we left?
你现在
能向我解释为什么家里乱成一团，
而你又把我们留下的钱拿
去干
什么了吗
?
Be (in) a
mess
表示“乱成一团”
；
do with
表示“处理、处置”常
和
what
连用，它和
deal with
不同，
deal with
表示“处理、应付”
we
left
虽然只有两个单词，却是一个定语从句，它前面省略
了作
宾语的关系代词
that
或
which
。
【语法】
定语从句
(3)
一、
．
“介词＋关系代词”结构
< br>
(1)
“介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以
引
导非限制性定语从句。
“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以
是
in,
on, about,
from, for, with, to at, of, without
等，<
/p>
关系代词只可用
whom
或
which,
不可用
that
。这类结构的定语从句通常可以和带关系副
词的定语从句互相转换，例如：
This
is a free country where everyone enjoys freedom of
speech.
This is a free country in which
everyone enjoys freedom of speech.
(2) from where
为<
/p>
“介词＋关系副词
“结构，
但也可以引导
定语
从句。例如：
We
stood at the top of the hill, from where we can
see the town..
(3)
像
listen to,
look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of
等
固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例
如：
This is the boy whom she
has taken care of.
二、关系代词在定语从句中作主语的补语
能在定语从句中作主语的补语的关系代词只有
that,
这时的
that
既
能指人也能指物，但往往省略。例如
:
When Laura
was born, Bettie decided her daughter would be the
singer
(that)she always wanted to be.
Mr. Lee still talks like the man
that
he was ten years ago. <
/p>
三、关系代词
as
和
which
作主语，都可以代表前面整个句子。但
由
as
引导的定语从句可以前置。例如：
He saw the girl, as/which he hoped he
would.
As he hoped he would, he
saw the girl.
As
还可用于
the
same
…
..as,
such
…
..as,
as
……
as
等结构中。例如：
Such
opinions as he holds sound strange to ordinary
people.
We are facing the same problem
as we did years ago.
【英语俗语】
英语俗语
,
也和其他语言一样
,
有许多都是由身体各个部份的名称组
成的。<
/p>
例如：
To
follow
your
nose
是指
一直走
。
< br>另外还有：
To
play
by
ear
，意思是看着办。其他还有用
hand
和
foot
这些字组成的习
惯
用语。
这里我们要向大家介绍由腿，也就是
< br>leg
这个字组成的习惯用语：
To pull one's
leg
。
To pull one's leg
初看起来好像和中文里的
拉后腿
的意思差不多。但是，千万不要被表面现象所迷惑。
To
pull
one's leg
的真正
意思是逗别人，开别人玩笑的意思。有时候，有的
朋友故意讲一些话来骗我们，后来才发
现他是在开玩笑。
例如，一个大学生上了同学的当，事后他说：
例句
-3:
mind going out with me. But
when I invited her to a movie, I
learned he was just pulling my
leg.
这个大学生说：
我的同房间同学说，
那个女孩愿意和我一起出去玩。
可是，当我请她去看电影的时候，我才发现我那同学是逗我，开我的
玩笑。
要是这个大学生聪明一点的话
,
< br>他当时就可以对他的同学说：
例句
-4:
that girl really said she
likes me and would like me to take
her
out.
这句话的意思是：
喂，你别逗我行不行！我才不信那个女孩真的说
了她喜欢我，还要我邀她
出去玩。
和
leg
这个字有关的俗语里还有一个很有趣的说法
,
那就是：
Break a
leg!
从字面上来看，
break a leg
难道是断了一条腿？或是倒霉？不
是，
break
a
leg
的确切意思是祝愿别人成功
。例如，你的朋友明天
要去参加高考，你就可以对他说：
Bre
ak a leg!
Have green fingers
很会种花种菜
Green
thumb
就是指那些很会种花种菜的人
All thumbs
手脚很笨的人
Jump in and get your feet
wet
到实践中去学
A
kettle call the pot black
五十步笑百步
A wet
blanket
扫兴的人或事
【同步练习】
一、
根据上下文用适当的词填空：
WORDS AND THEIR STORIES - Birds
By Jill Moss
Today
we
will(1)_
________(
解释
)
some
expressions
about
birds.
For example, if
something is
__________(
无价值
)
or not very interesting. Someone who eats
like a bird eats very little. And
__________(
总体的
)
look at an area from above.
Did you
know that if you tell a young person about
and bees
ever(4)_________(
观察
) that
together?
friends or do
things together.
There is some good
advice.
a bush
失去
)
something you have by trying to get
more of something you do
not have.
Sometimes, I can do two things by
performing only one
(6)_______(
动作
).
This is called
stone
But
I
would
never
really
kill
any
birds.
I
love
all
kinds
animals. This is
to
be(7)_______(
骄傲
) of.
Most
of the
people I
work with
are
birds
that
person(8)______ gets up early in the
morning for work has the
best
chance
of(9)
_________(
成功
).
Everyone
in
my
office
works
hard
but
some
people
have
their
wings
clipped
Their
jobs
have been limited. This is because the
office is organized by
packing
order. People with more
years
and (10)____________(<
/p>
经
验
) are given more
(11)________________(
责任
).
Some bird`s expressions are about
crows, chickens and ducks.
For example,
when I am driving. I always travel
flie
s
（
12
）
_
__________(
直接
) way. Anyone
who
Now let`s talk about my
sister. She is not very young. She is
spring
of
chicken
She
will
work
any
job
for
feed
a
small
(13)_______
（数量）
of
money.
She
is
easily
frightened.
For example, she is too
street alone at night. Often she will
not go out alone at night.
My sister was
was
a
child.
But
she
grew
up
to
be
a
beautiful
woman.
Sometimes
she
thinks
too
much
about
having
something
in
the
future
before
she
really has it. She
hatched
means her actions or
words cause trouble for her. However my
sister does not worry about what people
say about her.
(14)_________
（
批评）
falls
off
her
like
water
off
a
duck`s
back.
Politicians
are
sometimes
considered
ducks
after
losing
an election. They
have little time left in office and no much
power. Congress holds a
(15)
__________(
选举
). Important
laws are not passed during
this period.
二
从上文中找出下列说法对应的英文：
1
．
2
．
3
．
4
．
5
．
6
．
7
．
8
．
9
．
一文不值：
鸟瞰：
物以类聚：
一矢二鸟：
两鸟在林不如一鸟在手：
早起的鸟儿有虫吃：
得意之物：
束缚手脚：
论资排队：
10.
胆小如鼠
:
11.
招灾惹祸
:
12. (
对别人的批评
)
充耳不闻
:
13.
吃苍蝇
:
14.
蝇头小利
:
15:
过早乐观
:
三、选择正确的答案完成下面一段对话：
A: Who is it?
B:
Dad.
A: come on in, Dad.
B:
(1)______________________. I brought you a
sandwich .
A: I am hungry. Thanks, Dad.
What time is it, anyway?
B: Ten
o
’
clock. What are you
working on?
A:.(2)_____________________
______________________
B:
And
…
.what do you feel?
A: Me?
(3)__________________________________________
B: I felt the same way.
A:(4
)_________________________________________
B: Oh,(5)___________________________.
Well, don
’
t work all night.
A: I don
’
t mind,
I enjoy writing.
B: Well, maybe you
should think about becoming a writer.
A: Maybe I should.
B: You
have lots of time to deci de.
A:
(6)__________________________________________
B: You will be OK. Good night, son.
A: Good night, Dad.
A.I thought you might be hunger
B. That
’
s the
worst part
—
making decisions.
C. A little scared and excited, too.
D. The scary part is leaving home and
going to college
E.
I
’
m writing an article on
the feelings about graduation
F.
leaving home is part of growing up
参考答案
一、
1.
explain
2.
worthless
3.
general
4.
observed
5.
losing
8.
who
9.
success
10.
experience
sibility
12.
direct
13
amount
14.
criticism
15.
election
二、
1
．
for
the birds
2
．
a
bird`s eye view
3
．
Birds of a
feather flock together
4
．
Kill two birds
with one stone
5
．
A
bird in a hand is worth two in a bush
6
．
The early bird
catches the worm
7.
a real feather in my cap
8.
had their wings clipped
9
．
Packing order
10. chicken livered
11. the
chickencomes home to roost
12.
Criticism
falls off her like water off a duck`s back..
13. eat the crow
n feed
one
’
s chickens
before they are hatched.
三、
A
E
C
D
F
B
牛津高中英语模块一（第四讲）
【教学内容与教学要求】
一、
教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一
Unit 2
（下）
二、教学要求：
1
．了解英语语调的作用。
2
．学会写感谢和建议信。
3
．学习编写、表演对话。
4
．语法：定语从句（复习）
【知识重点与学习难点】
一、
重要单词：
upset,
sincerely, insist, chat, valuable, period,
argument,
freedom,
relationship,
suggest,
spare,
unloving,
forbid,
tone,
frustrated,
express,
volume,
stress,
pause,
exact,
emotional,
mood,
gist,
merely,
regular,
solve,
column
,columnist,
resource,
proofread,
version,
nervous.
二、重点词组：
rising/falling
tone
升调、降调
,
talk
show
谈话节目
,
main
point
要点
,
supporting
information
辅助性信息
, a diary
entry
一篇日记
, be proud of
为
…
.
感到骄傲
, stay up late
熬夜
, mix
up
混淆
, after
all
毕竟
, take
one
’
s
advice
接受建议
, miss
doing
sth
怀念以前做的某事
, keep
in mind
记住
,
get it
tidied up
把它整理好
, clean
up
打扫干净
, make a
difference
要紧
,
provide
sb
with
sth
/provide
sth
for
sb
为某人提供
, provided
that
假如
, to
one
’
s
surprise
使某人惊奇的是
, as
though
就好像
, insist on
doing
坚持要
做
, allow
him his freedom
允许给他自由
, send
sb
to
bed
叫某人去睡觉
,
forbid
sb
from
doing
sth
禁止某人做某事
,
assign
roles
to
分派角色
,
argue about
sth
with
sb
为某事和某人争吵
.
【难点讲解】
1. They
are meant to be read aloud, and often use less
formal language
than other type of
writing.
剧本是要被朗读的，它使用的语言没有其他文体那么正式。
“
Be meant to be
”<
/p>
+
被动语态、名词或形容词，表示“应该用作、本应
当作”和
“
be supposed to
be
”
相似。例如：
Flowers are meant to be admired, not
picked.
Sitcoms are meant to be light-
hearted, but this one is full of violence.