2015年12月英语四级考试真题(第一套)带详细解析

2015

年

12

月大学 英语四级考试真题

(

第

1

套

)

PartⅠ Writing

(30 minutes)

Directions: For

this

part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an

essay

commenting

on the saying

illustrate theimportance of paying attention to others' should write

at least 120 words, but no more than 180 words.

Part

Ⅱ

Listening Comprehension ( 30 minutes)

Section A

Directions:

In

this

section,

you

will

hear

8

short

conversations

and

2

long

the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked

about what was theconversation and the questions will be spoken only

each question there will bea the pause, you must read the

four

choices

marked

A,

B,

C,and

decide

which

is

the

best

mark

the

corresponding letter on Answer .Sheet I with a single line through the center.

admire the courage of space explorers.

were going to watch a wonderful movie.

enjoyed the movie on space exploration.

like doing scientific exploration very much.

a school library.

a gift shop.

the office of a travel agency.

a graduation ceremony.

used to work in the art gallery.

does not have a good memory.

is not interested in any part-time jobs.

declined a job offer from the art gallery.

will be unable to attend the birthday party.

woman should have informed him earlier.

will go to the birthday party after the lecture.

has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.

a deadline for the staff to meet.

more workers to the project.

those having made good progress.

age the staff to work in small groups.

she can leave her car.

rate for parking in Lot C.

far away the parking lot is.

way to the visitor's parking.

regrets missing the classes.

has benefited from exercise.

plans to take the fitness classes.

is looking forward to a better life.

to select secretaries.

to raise work efficiency.

responsibilities of secretaries.

secretaries in the man's company.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

is used by more people than English.

is more difficult to learn than English.

will be as commonly used as English.

will eventually become a world language.

popularity with the common people.

effect of the Industrial Revolution.

influence of the British Empire.

loan words from many languages.

has a growing number of newly coined words.

includes a lot of words from other languages.

is the largest among all languages in the world.

can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

place an order.

apply for a job.

return some goods.

make a complaint.

works on a part-time basis for the company.

has not worked in the sales department for long.

is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.

has become somewhat impatient with the woman.

is not his responsibility.

will be free for large orders.

depends on a number of factors.

costs

￡

15 more for express delivery.

inquiries with some other companies.

the information to her superior.

a visit to the saleswoman in charge.

back when she comes to a decision.

Section B

Directions ...In this section, you will hear 3 short the end of each

passage, you will hearsome the passage and the questions will be

spoken

only

youhear

a

question,

you

must

choose

the

best

answer

from

the

four

choices

marked

A,

B,

D

.Then

mark

the

corresponding

letter

on

Answer

Sheet

1 with a single linethrough the center.

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

one knows for sure when they came into being.

one knows exactly where they were first made.

one knows for what purpose they were invented.

one knows what they will look like in the future.

e the speed of wind.

warnings of danger.

on secret messages.

ropes across rivers.

find out the strength of silk for kites.

test the effects of the lightning rod.

prove that lightning is electricity.

protect houses against lightning.

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

was born with a talent for languages.

was tainted to be an interpreter.

can speak several languages.

enjoys teaching languages.

want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.

have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.

acquire an immunity to culture shock.

would like to live abroad permanently.

became an expert in horse racing.

learned to appreciate classical music.

was able to translate for a German sports judge.

got a chance to visit several European countries.

part in a cooking competition.

the beef and give her comment.

vocabulary for food in English.

cooking lessons on Western food.

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

had only a third-grade education.

once threatened to kill his teacher.

often helped his mother do housework.

grew up in a poor single- parent family.

.

.

.

ss.

educational TV programs only.

two book reports a week.

with housework.

a diary.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three the passage

is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general

the

passage

is

read

for

thesecond

time,

you

are

required

to

fill

in

the

blanks

with

the exact words you have y,

when the passage is read for the third

time, you should check what youhave written.

When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other26 bodies out

therebesides the moon and of the most27 of these is a comet (

彗星

).

Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was are28 ice and

otherfrozen

liquids

and

gases.29these

snowballs

begin

to

orbit

the

sun,

just

as the planets do.

As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gases in it begin to 30dust

particlesfrom the comet to form a huge the comet gets even nearer to the

sun, a solar wind blows thecloud behind the comet, thus forming its tall

and the31fuzzy (

模糊的

) atmospherearound a comet are32that can help identify

this33in the night sky.

In

any

given

year,

about

a

dozen

known

comets

come

close

to

the

sun

in

their

averageperson

can't

see

them

all,

of

y

there

is

only

one

or

two

a

year

bright

enough

to

be

seenwith

the34

Hale-Bopp,

discovered

in

1995,

was

an

unusually

bright

orbitbrought

it35close

to

the

Earth,

within

122

million

miles of Hale-Bopp came a long way onits earthly won't be back for

another four thousand years or so.

Part

Ⅲ

Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)

Section A

Directions : In this section, there is a passage with ten are required

to

select

one

word

foreach

blank

from

a

list

of

choices

given

in

a

word

bank

following

the

thepassage

through

carefully

before

making

your

choice in the bank isidentified by a mark the corresponding letter

for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the may not

use any of the words in the bank morethan once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality

decreases

orincreases

in

an

information-based

r,

they

generally

agree

with

the

idea

that

inequalityin

the

information

society

is36different

from

that

of

an

industrial

informationprogresses

in

society,

the

cause

and

structural

nature of social inequality changes as well.

It seems that the information society37 the quantity of information available to

the

membersof

a

society

by

revolutionizing

the

ways

of

using

and

exchanging

such a view is a38 analysis based on the quantity of information

supplied

by

various

forms

of

the

mass

rent39

is

possible

when

the

actual

amount

of

information40

by

the

user

is

taken

fact,

the

more

information41 throughout the entire society, the wider the gapbecomes between

According

to

recent

studies,

digital

divide

has

been

caused

by

three

major42class,

sex, terms of class, digital divide exists among different types

of workers and between theupper and middle classes and the lower 43 to

sex, digital divide exists between menand greatest gap, however, is

between

the

Net-generation,

44with

personalcomputers

and

the

Internet,

and

the

older

generation, 45 to an industrial society.

omed

ed

ly

ute

ons

ts

s

ar

entally

retation

e

tively

icial

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements

attached

to

atement

contains

information

given

in

one

of

the

fy the paragraphfrom which the information is may

choose a paragraph more than once.

Each paragraph is marked with a the questions by marking the

corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Joy: A Subject Schools Lack

Becoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.

Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat their

children,

he

insisted

itwould

solve

three

problems

at

once

:

feed

the

hungry

masses,

reduce the population during a severedepression, and stimulate the restaurant

as a satire (

讽刺

), it seems disgusting andshocking in America with

its

child-centered

actually,

the

country

is

closer

to

hisproposal

than

you might think.

you

spend

much

time

with

educators

and

policy

makers,

you'll

hear

a

lot

of

the

following

words

:

and so on.I have visited someof the newer supposedly

children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their

desk when they can't sit still.

C.A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear

that when peoplethink about education, they are not thinking about what it feels

like to be a child, or what makeschildhood an important and valuable stage of life

in its own right.

D.I'm

a

mother

of

three,

a

teacher,

and

a

developmental

I've

watched

a

lot

ofchildren-talking,

playing,

arguing,

eating,

studying,

and

being

's what I've come thing that sets children apart from

adults

is

not

their

ignorance,

nor

their

lack

's

their

enormous

capacity

for of a 3-year- old lost in the pleasures of finding outwhat he can and

cannot

sink

in the bathtub, a 5-year-old

beside

herself with the

thrill

of putting

together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old

completely

absorbedin

a

fascinating

comic

strip.A

child's

ability

to

become

deeply

absorbed

in

something,

and

deriveintense

pleasure

from

that

absorption,

is

something

adults spend the rest of their lives trying toreturn to.

E.A friend told me the following day, when he went to get his 7-year-old

son

from

soccerpractice,

his

kid

greeted

him

with

a

downcast

face

and

a

sad

coach

had

criticized

himfor

not

focusing

on

his

soccer

little

boy

walked

out of the school with his head andshoulders hanging seemed wrapped in

just

before

he

reached

the

car

door,he

suddenly

stopped,

crouching

(

蹲

伏

) down to peer at something on the face wentdown lower and lower,

and

then,

with

complete

joy

he

called

out,

is

thestrangest

bug

I've ever has, like, a million at 's amazing.

upat his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight.

here for just aminute? I want to find out what he does with all those is

the coolest ever.

traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but

irrelevant byproduct ofyouth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more

important

qualities,

like

p erseverance(

坚持不懈

),

obligation,

and

moments like this one are just the kind of intenseabsorption and pleasure adults

spend the rest of their lives lives are governed bythe desire to

experience ng educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead

tofinding joy in

new kinds of things: reading

novels instead of playing

with small

figures,

conductingexperiments

instead

of

sinking

cups

in

the

bathtub,

and

debating

serious issues rather than stringingtogether nonsense words, for some

cases, schools should help children find new,more grown-up ways of doing the same

things

that

are

constant

sources

of

joy:

making

art,

makingfriends,

making

decisions:

G.

Building

on

a

child's

ability

to

feel

joy,

rather

than

pushing

it

aside,

wouldn't

be that wouldjust require a shift in the education world's mindset (

思维

模式

).Instead of trying

to get children towork hard, why not

focus on getting them

to

take

pleasure

in

meaningful,

productive

activity,

likemaking

things,

working

with

others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not

so different from the things in which they delight.

H.

Before

you

brush

this

argument

aside

as

rubbish,

or

think

of

joy

as

an

unaffordable

luxury

in

anation

where

there

is

awful

poverty,

low

academic

achievement,

and

high

dropout rates, more horrible the school circumstances, the more

important pleasure is to achieving anyeducational success.

of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are

pressured

bytheir

administrators,

treat

pleasure

and

joy

as

the

enemies

of

competence

and

umption

is

that

children

shouldn't

chat

in

the

classroom

because

it

hinders

hard

work;

instead,they

should

learn

to

delay

gratification (

快乐

) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to

college.

only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense

sof

research

have

shown

that

in

order

to

acquire

skills

and

real

knowledge

in

school,

kids

need

towant

to

can

force

a

child

to

stay

in

his

or

her

seat,

fill

out

a

worksheet,

or

you

can't

force

the

child

to

think

carefully,

enjoy

books,

digest

complex

information,or

develop

a

taste

for

make

that

happen,

you

have

to

help

the

child

find

pleasure

inlearning-to

see school as a source of joy.

tend

to

talk about

learning

as

if

it

were

medicine:

unpleasant, but

necessary

and

good

not

instead

think

of

learning

as

if

it

were

food--something so valuable to humans thatthey have evolved to experience it as a

pleasure ?

should not be trained out of children or left for after-school

more

difficult

achild's

life

circumstances,

the

more

important

it

is

for

that

child

to find joy in his or her classroom.

run counter to the goals of public is, infact, the precondition.

will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change

their way of thinking.

distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy

from what they aredoing.

en in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.

is human nature to seek joy in life.

-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to

patients.

school

conditions

make

it

all

the

more

important

to

turn

learning

into

a

joyful

experience.

do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.

strators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their

educational goals.

the so- called

set of strict rules.

make

learning

effective,

educators

have

to

ensure

that

children

want

to

learn.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this passage is followed by some

questions orunfinished each of them there are four choices marked

A,

B,

.You

should

decide

on

the

best

choice

and

mark

the

corresponding

letter

on Answer.

Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

When it's five o'clock, people leave their length of the workday, for

many

workers,

isdefined

by

leave

when

the

clock

tells

them

they're

done.

These

days,

the

time

is

everywhere:

not

just

on

clocks

or

watches,

but

on

cell-phones

may

be

a

bad

thing,

particularly

at

research

shows

that

clock-based workschedules hinder morale (

士气

) and creativity.

Clock-timers

organize

their

day

by

blocks

of

minutes

and

example:

a

meeting

from9

10

ch

from

10

noon,

the

other

hand,

task- timers

have

a

list

ofthings

they

want

to

work

down

the

list,

each

task

starts

when the previous task is said that all of us employ a mix of both

these types of planning.

What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does

one make us moreproductive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments

conducted by Tamar Avnet andAnne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize

different activities-from project planning, holidayshopping, to yoga-by time or

to-do list to measure how they performed under

found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little

control

overtheir

timers

are

happier

and

more

creative,

but

less

tend

to

enjoy

themoment

when

something

good

is

happening,

and

seize

opportunities that come up.

The

researchers

argue

that

task- based

organizing

tends

to

be

undervalued

and

under-supported

inbusiness

companies,

they

believe,

will

try

to

bake

more task-based planning into theirstrategies.

This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the

researchers

arguethat

it

challenges

a

widespread

characteristic

of

the

economy:

work

organized

by

clock

ost

people

will

still

probably

need,

and

be,

to

some

extent, clock-timers, task-based timing shouldbe used when performing a job that

requires more 'll make those tasks easier, and the task-

doers will be happier.

does the author think of time displayed everywhere?

makes everybody time-conscious.

is a convenience for work and life.

may have a negative effect on creative work.

clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.

do people usually go about their work according to the author?

combine clock-based and task-based planning.

give priority to the most urgent task on hand.

set a time limit for each specific task.

accomplish their tasks one by one.

did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about

clock-timers?

seize opportunities as they come up.

always get their work done in time.

have more control-over their lives.

tend to be more productive.

do the researchers say about today's business culture?

does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.

does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.

places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives.

alms to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.

do the researchers suggest?

-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.

is important to keep a balance between work and life.

ming creative jobs tends to make workers happier.

D.A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in she neared

the end of herprison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was

her

dues,

and

that

issimply

no

reason

for

anyone

to

attempt

to

deny

her

right

to start anew.

Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the

rich

unately,

many

federal

and

state

laws

impose

post- conviction

restrictions on ashockingly large number of are prevented from ever

fully paying their debt to society.

At

least

65

million

people

in

the

United

States

have

a

criminal

can

result

in severepenalties that continue long after punishment is completed.

Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense

or

the

person'sindividual

can

restrict

or

ban

voting,

access

to

public housing, and professionaland business can affect a person's

ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.

In

all,

more

than

45.000

laws

and

rules

serve

to

exclude

vast

numbers

of

people

from

fullyparticipating in American life.

Some laws make one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia (

恋

童癖

) workin a too often collateral (

随附的

) consequences bear no

relation

to

public

awoman

who

possessed

a

small

amount

of

drugs

years

ago be permanently unable to be licensed as anurse?

These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with

criminal

recordsto

find

housing

or

land

a

job,

two

key

factors

that

reduce

backsliding.

A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most

post-convictionpenalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public

the penalties are

not amust, they

should

be imposed only if the facts

of a case support it.

The point is not to excuse or forget the , it is to recognize that in

America's

vastcriminal

justice

system,

second

chances

are

is

in

no

one's

interest to keep a large segment ofthe population on the margins of society.

does the well-known columnist's remark about Martha Stewart suggest?

past record might stand in her way to a new life.

business went bankrupt while she was in prison.

release from prison has drawn little attention.

prison sentence might have been extended.

do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America?

backslide after serving their terms in prison.

are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.

receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.

are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.

are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record?

remain poor for the rest of their lives.

are deprived of all social benefits.

are marginalized in society.

are deserted by their family.

does the author think of the post- conviction laws and rules?

help to maintain social stability.

of them have long been outdated.

are hardly understood by the public.

D.A lot of them have negative effects on society.

is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?

create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.

appeal for changes in America's criminal justice system.

ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent life.

call people's attention to prisoners' conditions in America.

Part Ⅳ

Translation( 30 minutes )

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from

Chinese should, write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

以至于不要他们帮忙做家务，

他们对孩子的首要要求就

是努力学习，考得好，能上名牌大学

他们相信这是为孩子好，因为在中国这样竞争激烈的

社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明

.

中国父母还认为， 如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成

就，父母就会受到尊敬

.

因此，他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣，为孩子提供更好的

条件

.

2015

年

12

月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解

< br>(

第

1

套

)

Part

Ⅰ

Writing

这是一篇四级考试中常见的议论文

.

要求考生就一句格苦进行论述

.

这句格 言

Listening is

more important thantalking

．“倾听比谈论更重要”措辞简单．意思明了，考生比较容易< /p>

把握．因此写起来并不难

.

写作时．考生 应该将重点放在第二段举例阐释倾听比谈论更重要

的原因上．

联 系实际分析可知，

其原因主要有：倾听是交际之规则．只有善于倾听于能表达