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2016
年
12
月大学英语四级考试真题
(
第一套
)
Part
Ⅰ
Writing
(30
minutes)
Directions: For this part, you
are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose
you have
twooptions upon graduation:
one is to find a job somewhere and the other to
start
abusiness
of
your
own.
You
are
to
make
a
decision.
Write
an
essay
to
explain
the
reasonsfor your decision. You should
write at least 120 words but no more than 180
words.
Part
Ⅱ
Listening Comprehension
( 25 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In
this
section,
you
will
hear
three
news
reports.
At
the
end
of
each
newsreport, you will
hear two or three questions. Both the news report
and thequestions
will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose
the best answer
from the four choices
marked A, B, C and mark the corresponding letter
on
Answer Sheet 1
with a
single linethrough the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news
report you have just heard.
1. A. It
was dangerous to live in.
B. It was going to be renovated.
C. He could no longer pay
the rent.
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D. He had sold it to the royal family.
2. A. A strike.
B. A storm.
C. A
forest fire.
D. A terrorist attack.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news
report you have just heard.
3. A. They
lost contact with the emergency department.
B. They were trapped in an underground
elevator.
C. They were injured by
suddenly falling rocks.
D. They sent
calls for help via a portable radio.
4.
A. They tried hard to repair the elevator.
B. They released the details of the
accident.
C. They sent supplies to keep
the miners warm.
D. They provided the
miners with food and water.
Questions 5
to 7 are based on the news report you have just
heard.
5. A. Raise postage rates.
B. Improve its services.
C. Redesign delivery routes.
D. Close some of its post offices.
6. A. Shortening business hours.
B. Closing offices on
holidays.
C. Stopping mail
delivery on Saturdays.
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D.
Computerizing mall sorting processes.
7. A. Many post office staff will lose
their jobs.
B. Many people
will begin to complain.
C. Taxpayers
will be very pleased.
D. A lot of
controversy will arise.
Section B
Directions:
In this section,
you will hear two long conversations. At the end
of each
conversation,you will hear four
questions. Both the conversation and the questions
will
be spoken onlyonce. After you hear
a question, you must choose the best answer from
the four choicesmarked A, B, C and D .
Then mark the corresponding
letter on Answer
Sheet 1with a single
line through the centre.
Questions 8 to
11 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.
8. A. He will be kept from
promotion.
B. He will go through
retraining.
C. He will be given a
warning.
D. He will lose part of his
pay.
9. A. He is always on time.
B. He is a trustworthy guy.
C. He is an experienced
press operator.
D. He is on good terms
with his workmates.
10. A. She is a
trade union representative.
B. She is
in charge of public relations.
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C.
She is a senior manager of the shop.
D.
She is better at handling such matters.
11. A. He is skilled and experienced.
B. He is very close to the
manager.
C. He is always trying to stir
up trouble.
D. He is always
complaining about low wages.
Questions
12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have
just heard.
12. A. Open.
B.
Friendly.
C. Selfish.
D. Reserved.
13.
A. They stay quiet.
B. They read a
book.
C. They talk about the weather.
D. They chat with fellow passengers.
14. A. She was always treated as a
foreigner.
B. She was eager to visit an
English castle.
C. She was never
invited to a colleague's home.
D. She
was unwilling to make friends with workmates.
15. A. Houses are much more quiet.
B. Houses provide more privacy.
C. They want to have more
space.
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D. They want a garden of their own.
Section C
Directions:
In this section,
you will hear three passages. At the end of each
passage, you
will hearthree or four
questions. Both the passage and the questions will
be spoken only
you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer from the four
choices
markedA, B, C and D . Then mark
the corresponding letter on
Answer
Sheet 1
with
asingle line
through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18
are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A. They don't have much choice of
jobs.
B. They are likely to get much
higher pay.
C. They don't have to go
through job interviews.
D. They will
automatically be given hiring priority.
17. A. Ask their professors for help.
B. Look at school bulletin boards.
C. Visit the school careers
service.
D. Go through campus
newspapers.
18. A. Helping students
find the books and journals they need.
B. Supervising study spaces to ensure a
quiet atmosphere.
C. Helping students
arrange appointments with librarians.
D. Providing students with information
about the library.
Questions 19 to 21
are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A. It tastes better.
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B. It is easier to grow.
C. It may be sold at a higher price.
D. It can better survive extreme
weathers.
20. A. It is healthier than
green tea.
B. It can grow in drier
soil.
C. It will replace green tea one
day.
D. It is immune to
various diseases.
21. A. It has been
well received by many tea drinkers.
B.
It does not bring the promised health benefits.
C. It has made tea farmers' life
easier.
D. It does not have a stable
market.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on
the passage you have just heard.
22. A.
They need decorations to show their status.
B. They prefer unique objects of high
quality.
C. They decorate their homes
themselves.
D. They care more about
environment.
23. A. They were proud of
their creations.
B. They could only try
to create at night.
C. They made great
contributions to society.
D. They
focused on the quality of their products.
24. A. Make wise choices.
B.
Identify fake crafts.
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C. Design
handicrafts themselves.
D. Learn the
importance of creation.
25. A. To boost
the local economy.
B. To attract
foreign investments.
C. To
arouse public interest in crafts.
D. To
preserve the traditional culture.
Part
Ⅲ
Reading
Comprehension
(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, there is a passage
with ten blanks. You are required to select
one wordfor each blank from a list of
choices given in a word bank following the
passage.
Read thepassage through
carefully before making your choices. Each choice
in the bank
isidentified
by
a
letter.
Please
mark
the
corresponding
letter
for
each
item
on
AnswerSheet 2 with a
single line through the centre. You may not use
any of the words
in thebank more than
once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on
the following passage.
When
someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the
punishment will match the
when it
comes to one of the cruelest crimes--animal
fighting--things26 work
out
that
-fighting
victims
are
27
and
killed
for
profit
and
yet
their
criminal abusers oftenreceive a28
sentence for causing a lifetime of pain. Roughly
half of
all federally-convicted
animalfighters only get probation
(
缓刑
).
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Some
progress has been made in the prosecution
(
起诉
) of animal fighters. But
federal
judgesoften rely heavily on the
U. S. Sentencing GuideLines when they29 penalties,
and
in the case ofanimal fighting,
those guidelines are outdated and extremely30
The
U.S.
Sentencing
Commission,
which31
these
sentencing
guidelines,
is
revisiting
them,proposing to raise the minimum
sentence from 6 - 12 to 21 - 27 months. This is a
step in the right32, but we'd like to
see the U. S. Sentencing Commission make further
changes to the guidelines.
Along
with
this
effort,
we're
working
with
animal
advocates
and
state
and
federal
lawmakers to33 anti-
cruelty laws across the country, as well as
supporting laws and
policies that
assistoverburdened animal 34 that care for animal
fighting victims. This help
is 35
importantbecause the high cost of caring for
animal victims is a major factor that
prevents people from gettinginvolved in
cruelty cases in the first place.
A.
convenient
B. creates
C.
critically
D. determine
E. direction
F.
hesitate
G. inadequate
H.
inspired
I. method
J.
minimal
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K. rarely
L. shelters
M. strengthen
N. sufferings
O. tortured
Section B
Directions:
In this section,
you are going to read a passage with ten
statements attached
to it.
Eachstatement contains information given in one of
the paragraphs. Identify the
paragraphfrom which the information is
derived. You may choose a paragraph more
than
paragraph
is
marked
with
a
the
questions
by
marking
thecorresponding
letter on
Answer Sheet 2.
When Work Becomes a Game
A) What motivates employees to do their
jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for
some. Thepromise of rewards, for
others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a
lucky
few.
B) Increasingly,
companies are tapping into these desires directly
through what has come
to be knownas
about understandingwhat it is that
makes games engaging and what game designers do
to create a great experience ingames,
and taking those learnings and applying them to
other
contexts
such
as
the
workplace
andeducation,
explains
Kevin
Werbach,
a
gamification expert who teaches at the
Wharton School ofBusiness at the University of
Pennsylvania in the United States.
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C)
It
might
mean
monitoring
employee
productivity
on
a
digital
leaderboard
and
offering prizes to
thewinner, or giving employees digital badges or
stars for completing
certain
activities. It could alsomean training employees
how to do their jobs through
video
game
platforms.
Companies
fromGoogle
to
L'Or
é
alto
IBM
to
Wells
Fargo
are
known
to use some degree of gamification in
theirworkplaces. And more and more
companies
are
joining
them.
A
recent
report
suggests
that
theglobal
gamification
market will grow from $$1.65 billion in
2015 to $$11.1 billion by 2020.
D) The
concept of gamification is not entirely new,
Werbach says. Companies, marketers
and
teachershave
long
looked
for
fun
ways
to
engage
people's
reward-seeking
or
competitive spirits.
Cracker Jackshas been
prize inside for
more than 100 years, headds, and the turn-of-the-
century steel magnate
(
巨头
) Charles
Schwab is said to have often comeinto his factory
and written the number
of tons of steel
produced on the past shift on the factoryfloor,
thus motivating the next
shift of
workers to beat the previous one.
E)
But the word
only beganin earnest about
five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to
video games,
the generation nowentering
the workforce is especially open to the idea of
having their
work
gamified.
are
at
apoint
where
in
much
of
the
developed
world
the
vast
majority
of
young
people
grew
up
playingvideo
games,
and
an
increasingly
high
percentage of adults play these video
games too,
F) A number of companies have
sprung up--GamEffective, Bunchbail and Badgeville,
to
name
a
few--in
recent
years
offering
gamification
platforms
for
businesses.
The
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platforms
that are most effectiveturn employees' ordinary
job tasks into part of a rich
adventure
narrative.
makes
a
gamegame-like
is
that
the
player
actually
cares
about
the
outcome,
Werbach
says.
principle
isabout
understanding
what
is
motivating to this group of players,
which requires some understandingof psychology.
G) Some people, Werbach says, are
motivated by people often fall into
thiscategory. For them, the right kind
of gamification might be turning their saies
pitches
into
acompetition
with
other
team
members,
complete
with
a
digital
leaderboard
showing who is
winningat all times. Others are more motivated by
collaboration and
social
experiences.
One
companyWerbach
has
studied
uses
gamification
to
create
a
sense of
community and boost employees'
morale(
士气
). When employees
log in to
their computers, they're
shown a picture of one of theircoworkers and asked
to guess
that person's name.
H)
Gamification
does
not
have
to
be
digital.
Monica
Cornetti
runs
a
company
that
gamifies
employeetrainings. Sometimes this involves
technology, but often it does not.
She
recently
designed
agamification
strategy
for
a
saies
training
company
with
a
storm-
chasing
theme.
Employees
formed
chaser
teams
and
competed
in
storm-themed educational
exercises to earn variousrewards.
stuff,
for
pay
roll
law,
used
a
Snow
White
and
the
Seven
Dwarfstheme.
White
is
available
for
everyone
to
use,
but
the
are
still
under
copyright,so
Cornetti
invented
sound-alike
characters
(Grumpy
Gus,
Dopey
Dan)
to
illustrate
specific
pay
rolllaw principles.
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I)
Some people do not take naturaily to gamified work
environments, Cornetti
herexperience,
people in positions of power or people in finance
or engineering do not
tend to like
thesound of the word.
about a ' game'
at all,
模拟
), I'm talking
about ' being able to solvethis
problem. '
J) Gamification is
notsufficiently thought through or well
tailored to its players may engage people for a
little while, but itwill not motivate
people in the long term. It can also be
exploitative,
especially
when
used
withvulnerable
populations.
For
workers,
especially
low-paid
workers,
who
desperately
need
their
jobsyet
know
they
can
be
easily
replaced,
gamification
may
feel
more
like
the
Hunger
Games.
Werbachgives
the
example
of
several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim,
Caiifornia, which used large digital leaderboards
to display how efficiently laundry
workers were working compared to one
employees found the board motivating.
To others, it was the opposite of fun. Some
began tostop taking bathroom breaks,
worried that if their productivity fell they would
be fired. Pregnantemployees struggled
to keep up. In a Los Angeles Times article, one
employee referred to the boardas a
on morale and performance,
K)
Still, gamification only stands to become more
popular, he says,
people comeinto the
workforce who are familiar with the structures and
expressions of
digitai games.
this will go away.
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36. Some
famous companies are already using gamification
and more are trying to do
the same.
37. Gamification is not a miracle cure
for all workplaces as it may have negative
results.
38. To enhance morale, one
company asks its employees to identify their
fellow workers
when startingtheir
computers.
39. The idea of gamification
was practiced by some businesses more than a
century ago.
40. There is reason to
believe that gamification will be here to stay.
41. Video games contributed in some
ways to the wide application of gamification.
42. When turning work into a game, it
is necessary to understand what makes games
interesting.
43.
Gamification in employee training does not always
need technology.
44. The most
successful gamification platforms transform daily
work assignments into
fun experiences.
45. It is necessary to use terms other
than
Section C
Directions:
There
are
2
passages
in
this
section.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
some
questions orunfinished statements. For
each of them there are four choices marked A, B,
C andD . You should decide on the best
choice and mark the corresponding letter
on
AnswerSheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to
50 are based on the following passage.
Recently I attended several meetings
where we talked about ways to retain students and
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keepyounger faculty members from going
elsewhere.
It seems higher education
has become an industry of meeting-holders whose
task it is
to
or
imagined.
And
in
my
position
as
a
professor
at
three
different colleges,
the actualproblems in educating our young people
and older students
have
deepened,
while
the
number
of
peoplehired--not
to
teach
but
to
hold
meetings--has
increased
significantly.
Every
new
problem
creates
anew
job
for
an
administrative
fixer.
Take
our
Center
for
Teaching
Excellence.
Contrary
to
its
title,
thecenter is a clearing house
(
信息交流中心
) for using
technology in classrooms and in
online
's an administrative sham
(
欺诈
) of the kind that has
multiplied over the
last 30 years.
I
offer
a
simple
proposition
in
response:
Many
of
our
problems--
class
attendance,
educationalsuccess, student happiness
and well-being--might be improved by cutting
down the bureaucratic (
官僚的
) mechanisms and meetings
and instead hiring an army
of good
teachers. If we replaced half of ouradministrative
staff with classroom teachers,
we might
actually get a majority of our classes back to
20or fewer students per teacher.
This
would be an environment in which teachers and
students actuallyknew each other.
The
teachers must be free to teach in their own way--
the curriculum should be flexible
enough sothat they can use their
individual talents to achieve the goals of the
course.
Additionally, they should
beallowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it
well. Teachers
are not people who are
great at andconsumed by research and happen to
appear in a
classroom. Good teaching
and research are notexclusive, but they are also
not automatic
companions. Teaching is
an art and a craft, talent andpractice; it is not
something that
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