(完整版)2019年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案(第一套)

不仅仅对那些老人来说受益多多，

对于参与的学生来

说也是意义良多。

Part III

Reading Comprehension

(40

m

inutes)

Section A

The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It

has

26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life.

In a

27

to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced

28

that

could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving

vehicles and put them on the road.

“Michigan’s

29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and

countries which desire to 30

our leadership in transportation. We can’t let happen

,

” says Senator

Mike Kowall, the lead

31

of four bills recently introduced.

If all four bills pass as written, they would

32

a substantial update of Michigan’s 2013 law

that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions.

Manufacturer would have

nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed

to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set on-demand

33

of

self- driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.

Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of

self-driving technology. In

34

,

California, home of Silicon Valley,

recently proposed far

more 35

rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use

of self-driving technology.

A) bid

B)

contrast

C)

deputy D)

dominance

E) fleets

F) knots

G) legislation

I)

replace

J) represent

k) restrictive

L) reward

M) significant

N)

sponsor

O) transmitted

【参考答案】

26-30 HAGDI31-35 NJEBK

Section B

How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100

A.

Today

in

the

United

States

there

are

72,000

centenarians

（

百岁老人 ）

.Worldwide,

Probably

450,000.

If

current

trends

continue,

then

by

2050

there

will

be

more

than

a

million

in

the

US

alone.

According

to

the

work

of

Professor

James

Vaupel

and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life

expectancy

of

104

or

more.

Broadly

the

same

holds

for

the

UK,

Germany,

France,

Italy and Canada, and for Japan

50% of 2007

babies can expect to live to 107.

B.

Understandably, there are concerns

about what

this means for public finances

given

the

associated

health

and

pension

challenges.

These

challenges

are

real,

and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look

at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years.

It

is

a

mistake

to

simply

equate

longevity

(

长寿

) with issues of old age. Longer

lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.

C.

Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for

longer,

then

this

will

result

in

an

inevitable

redesign

of

work

and

life.

When

people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for

longer. There is some truth in the saying that

“

70 is the new 60

”

or

“

40

the new 30.

”

If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are

in some sense younger for longer.

D.

But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which

people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having

children, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that

are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by

age 21. By 2014, that

milest one

(

里程碑

)had shifted to age 29.

E.

While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely

a

growing

realization

for

the

young

that

they

are

going

to

live

longer.

Options

are

more

valuable

the

longer

they

can

be

held.

So

if

you

believe

you

will

live

longer, then options become more valuable, and

early

commitment

becomes

less

attractive.

The

result

is

that

the

commitments

that

previously

characterized

the

beginning

of

adulthood

are

now

being

delayed,

and

new

patterns

of

behavior

and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.

F.

Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial

reasons.

Yes,

unless

people

are

prepared

to

save

a

lot

more,

our

calculations

suggest

that

if

you

are

now

in

your

mid-40s,

then

you

are

likely

to

work

until

your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you

will

need

to

work

until

your

late

70s

or

possibly

even

into

your

80s.

But

even

if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty

years of potential inactivity is harmful to

cogni tive

(

认知的

) and emotional

vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.

G.

And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing.

Just

lengthening

that

second

stage

of

full-time

work

may

secure

the

financial

assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably

exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality,

happiness, and friendship.

H.

The

same

is

true

for

education.

It

is

impossible

that

a

single

shot

of

education,

administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a

sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of

technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your

industry

outdated.

That

means

that

everyone

will,

at

some

point

in

their

life,

have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.

A.

It

seems

likely,

then,

that

the

traditional

three-stage

life

will

evolve

into

multiple stages containing two, three, or oven more different careers. Each

of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on

building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating

a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding

options

more

fully,

or

becoming

an

independent

producer,

yet

another

on

making

a

social

Contribution.

These

stages

will

span

sectors,

take

people

to

different

cities, and provide

Foundation for building a wide variety of skills.

J)

Transitions

between

stages

could

be

marked

with

sabbaticals

(

休假

) as people find

tim

rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve

their

skills.

At

times,

t

hese breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will

be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.

K

）

A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also

in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change

and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many.

That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new

ideas will become even more crucial skills.

L

）

These

multi-stage

lives

will

create

extraordinary

variety

across

groups

of

people

simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean

more possible sequences.

M

）

With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. I n a three-stage

life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and

family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and

then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an

undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at

any age.

N

）

Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with

the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three- stage life of full-time education, followed by

continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even

grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an

issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for

longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.

36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than

now.

37. Just extending one

’

s career may have both positive and negative effects.

38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight

years.

39.

Because

of

their

longer

lifespan,

young

people

today

no

longer

follow

the

pattern

of life of their parents or grandparents.

40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.

41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people’s approach to life.

42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.

43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and

emotional well-being.

44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.

45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.

【参考答案】

36-40 IGDNA

41-45 KHFMC

Section C

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

In

the

classic

marriage

vow

（誓约）

,

couples

promise

to

stay

together

in

sickness

and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples

rises when the wife-not the husband

—

becomes seriously ill.

“

Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves

struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of

divorce,

”

said researcher Amelia Karraker.