-
初中语法：
1
(see
、
hear
、
notice
、
find
、
feel
、
listen
to
、
look
at
(
感官动词
)+do
eg:I
like
watching
monkeys
jump
2
（比较级
and
比较级）
表示越来越怎么样
3 a
piece of cake =easy
小菜一碟（容易）
4 agree with sb
赞成某人
5 all kinds of
各种各样
a kind of
一样
6 all over the world =
the whole world
整个
世界
7 along
with
同……一道，伴随……
eg : I will
go along with you
我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with
their teachers
学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as
一怎么样就怎么样
9 as you can see
你是知道的
10 ask for
……求助
向…要…（直接接想要的东西）
eg : ask you
for my book
11 ask sb for sth
向某人什么
12 ask sb
to do sth
询问某人某事
ask sb not
to do
叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of
在……岁时
eg
：
I am sixteen I am at the
age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of
……
……的起初；……的开始
15
at the end of +
地点
/+
时间
最后；尽头；末尾
eg
: At the end of the day
16 at this
time of year
在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that
clause +
从句
感觉
/
对什么有信心，自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken
English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing
表：
1
现在进行时
2
将来时
19 be able
to (+ v
原
) = can (+ v
原）
能够……
eg : She is able to
sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth
能够干什么
eg :she is able to
sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth
恐惧，害怕……
eg : I'm afraed to
go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22
be allowed to do
被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV
我被允许看电视
I should be allowed
to watch TV
我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb
生某人的气
eg : Don't be angry
with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for
doing sth
为什么而生某人的气
25 be as
…原级…
as
和什么一样
eg : She is as tall as
me
她和我一样高
26 be
ashamed to 27 be away from
远离
28 be away from
从……离开
29 be bad
for
对什么有害
eg : Reading books
in the sun is bad for your eyes
在太阳下看书对你
的眼睛不好
30 be born
出生于
31
be busy doing sth
忙于做什么事
be
busy with sth
忙于……
32 be careful
当心；小心
33 be different
from
……
和什么不一样
34 be
famous for
以……著名
35 be
friendly to sb
对某人友好
36 be from = come from
来自
eg
：
He is from Bejing He comes
from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does
he
come from Bejing ?
37 be full of
装满……的
be filled with
充满
eg: the glass is full of
water the glass is filled
with water
38 be
glad+to+do/
从句
39 be going to
+ v(
原）
将来时
40 be good
at(+doing) = do well in
在某方面善长
,
善于……
41 be good
for
对什么有好处
eg : Reading
aloud is good for your English
42 be
happy to do
很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb
对某人有好处
eg :
Reading aloud is helpful to you
大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your bady
锻炼对你的身体有好处
44 be
in good health
身体健康
45 be in trouble
处于困难中
eg : She is in trouble
They are in trouble
46 be interested
in
对某方面感兴趣
47 be
late for = come late to
迟到
eg: Be late for class
上课迟到
48 be like
像……
eg
: I'm like my mother
49 be mad at
生某人的气
50 be made
from
由……制成
(
制成以后看不
见原材料
)
51 be made of
由……制成
(
制成以后还看得见原材料
) 52 be not sure
表不确定
53 be on a visit to
参观
54 be popular with sb
受某人欢迎
55 be
quiet
安静
56 be short for
表
**
的缩写
eg:
陶
is short for
陶俊杰
57 be sick
in bed
生病在床
58 be sorry to
do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to
trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth
严于做某事
eg : He's strict in
obeying noles
62 be strict with sb
对某人要求严格
eg: Some students
are not strict with them selves
这些学
生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth
某方面对某人严格
64 be supposed to
do
被要求干什么
65 be
sure
表确定
66 be sure of doing
sth
对做某事有信心
eg: He is sure
of winning I am sure of
learning
English well
67 be sure of sth
对做某事有信心
eg: I'm sure of my
head (my teacher
我相信我的大脑（老师）
68 be sure that sth
对做某事有信心
eg: I'm suer that he
can pass the test
我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do
sth
一定会做某事
eg: We are sure to
pass the test
我们一定会通过这次考试
We
are
sure to learn English well
我们一定能学好英语
70 be
terrified of +
名
/
动
doing
害怕……
71 be
terrified to do sth
害怕做某事
72 be the same as
…
和什么一样
73 be used to doing
sth
习惯做某事
eg: My
father is used to getting up early
我爸爸习惯早
He is used to sleeping
in class
他习惯
上课睡觉
74 be worth doing
值得做什么
75 be(feel) afraid to
do sth
害怕做某事
be afraid of sth
害怕某
物
be afraid
that
丛句
76
because+
句子
because of
+
短语
eg : He was
late because he had a headache He was late because
of his headache
77 begin to do = start
to do
开始做某事
start
…
with
…
=begin
…
with
…
以什么开始什么
eg :
Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go
home
78 between
…
and
…
两者之间
79 borrow
sth from sb
向……借……
lend sth
to sb ( lend sb sth
借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent
a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both
= the same(as) = not different(from)
表相同
81 bother
打扰
bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can
you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for
weeks
这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of
到……为止
83 call sb sth eg : We
call him old wang
84 care
关心
eg : Don't you care about
this country's future
?
你为什么不关心国家的未来
85
catch up with sb
赶上某人
86
chat with sb
和某人闲谈
take sb
to +
地点
带某人去某地
87 come
in
进
88 come over to
过来
89 come up
with
提出
eg: Can you come up
with a good idea
你能想出一个好办法吗？
90 communicate with sb
和某人交流
91
consider + doing
考虑做什么
eg :
Why not consider going to lu zhou
为什么不考虑去泸州？
92
dance to
随着……跳舞
eg : She
likes dancing to the music
她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93
decide to do sth
决定做某事
94 do
a survey of
做某方面的调查
95 do
better in
在……方面做
得更好
96 do wrong
做错
97
Don't forget to do sth
不要忘了做某事
98 Don't mind +doing
/
从句
/
名词
不
要介意……
99
each
+
名（单）每一个…
eg
:
Each
student
has
many
books
每一个学生都有一些书
100
end
up
+doing
101 enjoy
+doing
喜欢
102 escape from
从……逃跑
eg: The prisoners have
escaped from the
prison
犯人从监狱里逃跑出来
103 expect
to do sth
期待做某事
104 fall
down
摔下来
fall off
从哪摔下来
105 fall in
love with sb /sth
爱上什么
106 far from
离某地远
eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it
+adj +to do
发现做某事
怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj
发现什么怎么样
eg : I find the book
interesting 109 finish
完成
+do
ing
（名
词）
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb
适合某人
111 forget to do
没有做而忘了
forget doing
做了而又忘
了
eg:
Don't
forget
to
go
home
I
forget
closing
door
112
from
…
to
…
从某某到某某
eg:
From
me
for
her
113 get /have sth down
做完，被（别人）做…
eg: I have my hair
cut
我理了发
(
头发被剪了）
Tom got his bad tooth pulled
out
汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）
114 get a part-time job= find a part-
time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well
with sb
与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb
与某人相处
117 get ready for = be
ready for
为什么而准
备
eg
: I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get
sb in to trouble
给某人麻
119 get
sb to
do sth
120 get
…
from
…
从某处得到某物
121 give a talk
做报告
eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth
给某人某物
123 go fish
钓鱼
go swimming
游泳
124 go on to
do
去做下一件事
go on doing
继续做这件事
125 go out away from
go out of
126 go to school
上学（用于专业的）
go to the school
去学校（不一定是上学）
127 good way to
好
方法
128 hate to do
讨厌没做过的事
hate doing
讨厌做过的事
129 have
a party for sb
举办谁的晚会
130
have a talk
听报告
谈一谈
131 have
been doing
现在完成进行时
eg : You
have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to
…
(
地方）……去过某过地方
have gone to
…（地方）
去了某地还没回来
133
have fun +doing
玩得高兴
134
have sth to do
有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do
我有很多家庭作业要做
I have nothing to
do
我没什么事情做
135
have to do sth
必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing
sth
做什么事情有麻烦
137
have
…
time +doing
138 have
…
(
时间
)
…
off
放……假
eg: I have month off
我请一个月得假
139 hear
sb +do/doing
听见某人做某事
/
正在做某事
140 help a lot
很大用处
141 help sb
with sth one's sth
帮助某人某事（某方面）
help sb (to) do
sth
帮助某人做某事
142
hope to do sth
希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What
about(+doing)
144 how do you like =
what do you think of
你对什么的看法
145 if :
是否＝
wether
eg: I
don't know if (wether) I should go to the party
我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don't know if (wether) we will
arrive on time tomorrow morning
他不知道我们明天早上是否能
准时到达
146 if
:
如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain
假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州
If
they change the plan they will let me know
假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough
money next year
如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think
某人认为
148 in some
ways
在某些方面
149
in the end = finally(adv)
最后
150 in the north
of
…
什么在什么的北方
（
north
北
sowth
南
west
西
east
东
）
151 in the sun
在太阳下
152
increase
增加
eg :
They've increased the prece of petrol by 3%
他们把石油价增加了
3%
the
population has increased from 12 million ten years
ago to 18 million now
153 instead of
+
（名
）
代替
eg: I'd like
an apple instead of a pear
我想要苹果，而不要梨子
I
like English instead of math
我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
154
introduce sb to sb
介绍某人给某人
introduce oneself
自我介绍
155 invite sb to do sth
邀请某人做某事
156 It
takes sb sometime to do sth
做某人花掉某人多少时间
eg :
It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me
half an hour to cook
157 It's +adj
+for sb to do sth
对某人来说做某事怎么样
158
It's +adj +to do
做某事怎么样
159 It's +adj for sb
对于某人来说怎么样
It's +adj of sb
对某人来说太怎么样
160
It's +adj(for sb) to
do
（对某人来说）
做某事怎么样
It's +adj of sb to do
sth
对某人来说做
某事太怎么样
eg : It's nice of you to help me with
my English
161 It's a good idea for sb
to do sth
对……
来说是个好主意
162 It's
important to sb
对某人来说很重要
eg:
It's important to me
163 It's time to
do sth It's time for sth
到了该去做某事的时间
eg :
It's time to have class It's time for class
该去上课了
164 join =
take part in
参加
165 just now
刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj
/
介词短语
让什么保持什么样？
167
keep out
不让
……
进入
168 keep sb adj
让……保持……
eg: I want to keep
my mother happy keep healthy
保持健康
169 key to
+
名词
表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案
170 key to
…
anser
to
…
key
可以是答题或钥匙
171
laugh at
…
取笑……
eg : Don't langh at
others We langhed at the joke
172
learn by oneslfe
自学
173 learn from sb
向某人学习
eg: We should learn
from Lei Feng
174 learn to do sth
学做某事
175 let sb
do sth
让某人做某事
176 Let sb down
让某人失望
eg
：
We shouldn't let our
farents down
我们不应该让我们的父母失望
177 live from
:
离某地远
178 live
in +
大地方
/at
+
小地方
居住在某地
eg: I live in LuZhou
She lives at XuanTan
179 look after =
take care of
照顾
照看
180 lose
one's way
谁
迷
路
eg
: Lose your way
你迷路
181 make a decision to do sth
决定做某事
182 make
friends with sb
和谁成为朋友
eg :
I want to make friends with you
183
make it early
把时间定的早一点
184 make on exhibition of oneself
让某人出洋相
185 make
sb /n +n
使什么成为什么
eg : I made
her my step moller I made you my wife
186 make sb /sth +adj
使某人（某物）怎么样
eg : You must
made your bed clean
187 make sb /sth
adj
使某人
/
某物怎么样
188 make sb do sth
让某人做某事
eg : I made him write
我以前让他写
189 make
up be made up of (
被动语态）由……组成
190
make
…
difference
to
…
191 mind sb
to do mind one's doing
介意……做什么
192 most
+
名
most of
+
代
193 much too
+
形容词
194 must be
一定
195 need
+
名词
196 need sb
do sth
需要某人做某事
197 need to
do (
实义动词）
need do
(
情态动词）
198 no
/neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing
199 no +
名词
200 not anymore = no more
再也不……
eg: He didn't cry any
more He cried no more
他再也不哭
201
not
…
(
形
、副）
at all eg: He's not tall
at all she doesn't junp far at all
202
not
…
at all
一点都不
203
not
…
either
表否定，也不
eg : I don't japanse
either I don't have sister, either
我也没有
姐姐
204 not
…
until
直到……才……
eg: I
didn't sleep until my mother came back The child
didn't stop crying until I give her sugar
205 offer / provide sb with sth
给某人提供
206 offer
sb sth ( offer sth to sb
提供什么东西给某人
eg : I offer you
water (I offer water to
you
我给你提供水
207 on
one's way to
…
在谁去那的路上
208 on
the one hand
一方面
on the
other hand
另一方面
209 on the phone = over the phone
用电话交谈
210 on
time
准时
in time
及时
211 one day
＝
some day
＝
someday
一天，有一天
212 one
of +
可数名词的复数形式
213 one to another
一个到另一个
214 over
and over agin
一遍又一遍的
eg : He
cleaned the floor over and over agin
215 part-time job
兼职工作
fall-time job
全职工作
216 pay
for
…
付……钱
pay the bill
开钱
，付钱
217 please +do
218 please
help yourself
219 pleased with sb
220 pool into = pore into
221 practice +doing
练习做某事
222 prefer
sth to sth
相对……更喜欢……
eg : I
prefer physics to chemisty
在物理和化学中，我
更喜欢物理
prefer doing to sth
更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…
eg: He prefers
riding a bike to diving
他更喜欢
骑自行车，不开小车
prefer to do sth rather than do sth
宁愿做…也不愿
eg: My
unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv
the used one
我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也
不去修旧车
prefer sb not to do sth
更愿意…
eg: I prefer her not to
come
我不喜欢她不来
223
pretend to do sth
装着去做什么
pretend that
从句
eg : The two cheats pretended to be
working very hard
这两个骗子装着努力工作
He
pretended that he did not know the answer
他装着不知道答案
224
rather
…
than
宁可……也不……
eg : I
would rather be a doctor than a teacher
我愿肯当医生，也不当老师
He
likes dogs rather than cats
他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫
225
regard
…
as
把……当作……
eg:
Please give my best regards to your family
请带我向你的家人我最好的问候
I
regard you as my friend
我把你当作我的朋友
He
shows little regard for others
他不爱关心别人
226
remind sb about sth
提醒某人什么事
remind sb to do sth
提醒某人做某事
eg : he reminds me about cooking (he
reminds me to cook
他提醒我做饭
227 remind sb of sth
使某人想起什么
eg : the
pictures remind me of my school days
这照片使我想起了我的学校
the
words that (which) the teacher talk to remind me
of my mother
228 return sth to sb
还什么东西给某人
229 say
to oneself
对自己说
230 say to sb
对某人说
231 sb
spend someone on sth
花了多少钱在某事上
232 sb
spend sometime with sb
花了多少时间陪谁
233 sb
spend sometime(in) doing sth
花了多少时间做某事
234 sb
with sb +is sb and sb +are
235 see sb
do
看见某人做过某事
see sb doing
看见某人正在做某事
236
seem to do/be +adj
显得怎么样
eg
: You seem to be tired You seem to be happy
237 send +sb sth
送给某人某物
初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习
初一年级（上）
【知识梳理】
I.
重点短语
1. Sit down
2. on duty
3. in English
4. have a seat
5. at home
6. look like
7. look at
8. have a look
9. come on
10. at work
11. at school
12. put on
13. look after
14. get up
15. go shopping
II.
重要句型
1. help sb. do sth.
2. What about
…
?
3. Let
’
s do sth.
4. It
’
s time to
do sth.
5. It
’
s
time for
…
6. Wha
t
’
s
…
?
It is
…
/
It
’
s
…
7. Where is
…
?
It
’
s
…
.
8. How old are you?
I
’
m
…
.
9. What class are you in?
I
’
m
in
…
.
10. Welcome
to
…
.
【名师讲解】
/on
在表示空间位置时，
in
表示在某个空间的范围
以内，
on
表示在某一个物体的表面之上。
例如：
There is a bird in the
tree.
树上有只鸟。
There is a
picture on the wall.
墙上有张图。
2. this/that/these/those
(1)
this
常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，
t
hese
是
this
的复数形式。
that
常常用来指
在时间、地点上离讲话
人更远一点的人和事，
those
时
t
hat
的复数形式。例如：
You
look
in
this
box
and
I
’
ll look in that
one over
there.
你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒子。
I want this car, not that car.
我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。
Take these books to his room, please.
请把这些书拿到他房间去。
11.
What
’
s
…
plus
…
?
It
’
s
…
.
12. I think
…
13. Who
’
s this?
This is
…
.
14.
What can you see
？
I can
see
…
.
15. There
is (are)
…
.
16.
What
colour
is
it
(are
they)?
It
’
s
(
They
’
re)
…
< br>
17. Whose
…
is
this?
It
’
s
…
.
18. What time is it?
It
’
s
…
.
III.
交际用语
1. Good morning,
Miss/Mr
…
.
2.
Hello! Hi!
3. Nice to meet you. Nice to
meet you, too.
4. How are you?
I
’
m fine, thank you/thanks.
And you?
5. See you. See you
later.
6. Thank you!
You
’
re welcome.
7. Goodbye! Bye!
8.
What
’
s your name? My name is
…
.
9. Here you
are. This way, please.
10.
Who
’
s on duty today?
11. Let
’
s do.
12. Let me see.
IV.
重要语法
1.
动词
be
的用法；
2.
人称代词和物主代词的用法；
3.
名词的单复数和所有格的用法；
4.
冠词的基本用法；
5. There
be
句型的用法。
This is
mine; that
’
s yours.
这个是我的，那个是你的。
These are apples; those are oranges.
这些是苹果，那些是橘子。
(2)<
/p>
在打电话的用语中，
this
常常指的是
我，
that
常常指的是对方。例如：
This is Mary speaking.
Who
’
s that?
我是玛丽。你是谁？
3.
There be/ have
There be
有
，其确切含意为
某处
或某时存在某人或某物。
其结构是：
T
here be +
某人或某物
+
表示
地点或时间的状语。
There
be
后面的名词实际上是主语，
be
动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，
be
动
词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用
is
，
名词是复数时用
are
。
例如：
(1)
There
is
a
big
bottle
of
coke
on the
table.
桌上有一大瓶子可乐。
(2) There is a doll in the box.
那个盒子里有个娃娃。
(3)
There are many apples on the tree.
那树上有许多苹果。
总之，
There
be
结构强调的是一种客观存在的
有
。
have
表示
< br>
拥有，占有，具有
，即：某人有
某物
(sb.
have / has sth.)
。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：
(4) I have two brothers and one
sister.
我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。
(5) That house has four
rooms.
那所房子有四个房间。
4. look/ see/ watch
(1)look
表示“看、瞧”
，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地
注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对
方注意。
，如：
Look! The children are playing
computer games.
瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。
Look! What
’
s that
over there?
看！那边那个是什么？
单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人
/
物，其后
接介词
at
，才能带宾语，如：
He
’
s looking at
me
。他正在看着我。
(2)see
强调“看”的结果，着重的是
look
这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”
，
see
是及物动词，后面能直
接跟宾语。如：
What can you see in the picture?
你能在图上看到什么？
Look
at the blackboard. What did you see on
it?
看黑板！你看到了什么？
(3
)watch
“观看，注视”
，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观
看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用
于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：
Yesterday we watched a
football match on
TV.
昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。
4. put on/ / in
put on
意为“穿上，戴上”
。主要指“穿上”这一动作
,
后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。
in
是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：
It
’
s cold
outside, put on your coat.
外面冷，穿上你的外衣。
He
puts on his hat and goes out.
他戴上帽子，走了出去。
The
woman in a white blouse is
John
’
s mother.
穿白色
衬衣的那个妇女是
John
的妈妈。
5. house/ home/family
house
：
“房子”
，指居住的建筑物
; Home:
“家”
，指一个人同家人共同
经常居住的地方
; Family:
“家
< br>庭“，
“家庭成员”
。例如：
P
lease come to my house this afternoon.
今天下午请到我家来。
He is
not at home.
他不在家。
My family
all get up early.
我们全家都起得很早。
6. fine, nice, good, well
四者
都可用作形容词表示
好
之意，
但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，
而后者仅用作
表语。主要区别在于：
(1) fine
指物时表示的是质量上的
精细
，形容人时表示的是
身体健康
，也
可以用来指
天气晴朗
。
例如：
Your parents are very fine.
你父母身体很健康。
That's
a fine machine.
那是一台很好的机器
It's
a fine day for a walk
today.
今天是散步的好时候。
(2)nice
主要侧重于人或物的外表，有
< br>美好
，
漂亮
的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。
例如：
Lucy looks nice.
露西看上去很漂亮。
These coats are
very nice.
那些裙子很好看。
Nice to meet you.
见到你很高兴。
It's very nice of
you.
你真好。
(3)good
形容人时指
品德好
，
形容物时指
质量好
，
是表示人或物各方面都好
的普通用语。
例如：
Her
son
is a good student.
她儿子是一个好学生。
The
red car is very good.
那辆红色小汽车很好。
(4)wel
l
只可用来形容人的
身体好
，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。
例如：
I'm very well, thanks.
我身体很好，谢谢。
My
friends sing well.
我的朋友们歌唱得好。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在：
1.
动词
be
的用法；
2.
人称代词和物主代词的用法；
3.
名词的单复数和所有格的用法；
4.
冠词的基本用法；
5. There
be
句型的用法。
6.
本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；
7.
本单元学过的日常交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。
【中考范例】
1. (
北京市中考试题
)
Mary, please show ________ your
picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me
【解析】答案：
D
。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法
。本题中动词
show
后面跟双宾语，空白处应
填入人称代词的宾格
me
作宾语。
2. (
上海市徐汇区中考试题
)
_________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike.
A. A C. / D. The
【解析】答案：
D
。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子，所以用定冠词
the
。
3. (
哈尔滨市中考试题
)
---What _______ the number of the girls in your
class? ---About twenty.
A. is B.
am C. are D. be
【解析】答案：
A
。该题考查的是动词
be
的用法和主谓一致
。
the number
作主语，应该是单数第三人称，
动词
be
变为
is<
/p>
。
4. (
陕西省中考试题
)
There
_______ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be C.
has D. is going to have
【解析】答案：
B
。该题考查的是
There
be
…句型和动词
have
用法区别
。
There
be
句型本身就表示“
在某
个地方存在某个人或物”
，不能和动词
have
混在一起用。
初一年级（下）
【知识梳理】
I.
重点短语
1. a bottle of
2. a little
3. a lot (of)
4. all day
5. be from
6. be over
7. come back
8. come from
9. do one
’
s
homework
10. do the shopping
11. get down
12. get home
13. get to
14. get up
15. go shopping
16. have a
drink of
17. have a look
18.
have breakfast
19. have lunch
20. have supper
21. listen
to
22. not
…
at all
23. put
…
away
24. take off
25. throw it
like that
26. would like
27.
in the middle of the day
28. in the
morning / afternoon/ evening
29. on a
farm
30. in a factory
II.
重要句型
1. Let sb. do sth.
2. Could sb. do sth.?
3.
would like sth.
4. would like to do
sth.
5. What about something to eat?
6. How do you spell
…
?
7. May I
borrow
…
?
III.
交际用语
1.
—
Thanks very much!
—
You're welcome.
2. Put it/them away.
3. What's wrong?
4. I think
so. I don't think so.
5. I
want to take
some books
to the classroom.
6. Give me
a bottle of orange juice, please.
Please give it / them back tomorrow.
OK.
9. What's your favourite sport?
10. Don't worry.
11.I
’
m (not) good
at basketball.
12. Do you want a go?
13. That's right./
That
‘
s all right./ All
right.
14.
Do
you
have
a
dictionary
/
any
dictionaries?
Yes, I do. /
No, I don
’
t.
15.
We / They have some CDs.
We / They
don
’
t have any CDs.
16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow?
---It
’
s Monday.
17. ---May I borrow your colour pens,
please?
---Certainly. Here you are.
18. ---Where are you from?
---From Beijing.
19. What's
your telephone number in New York?
20.
---Do you like hot dogs?
---Yes,
I
do.
(
A
little.
/
A
lot.
/
Very
much.)
---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at
all.)
21. ---What does your mother
like?
---She
likes
dumplings
and
vegetables
very
much.
22. ---When do you go
to school every day?
---I go to school
at 7:00 every day.
23.
---What
time
does
he
go
to
bed
in
the
evening?
---He goes to bed
at 10:00.
IV.
重要语法
1.
人称代词的用法；
2.
祈使句；
3.
现在进行时的构成和用法；
<
/p>
4
．动词
have
的用法；
5
．一般现在时构成和用法；
6
．可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法
【名师讲解】
1. That's
right./ That
‘
s all right./
All right.
That
’
s
right
意为“对的”
，表示赞同对
方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如：
thi
nk
we must help the old man.
我想我们应该帮助这位老人。
或
说得对
。
That
’
s all right.
意为“不用谢”
、
“没关系”
，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如：
All right.
意为“行了”<
/p>
、
“可以”
，表示同意对方的建议或要求
。有时还可以表示“身体很好”
请把
此事告诉我。
好吧。
< br>Is your mother all right?
你妈身体好吗
2.
make/do
这两个词都可以解释为“做”
，但含义却不同
，不能混用。
make
指做东西或制东西，
do
指做一件具体的事。
Can you make a
paper boat for me?
你能为我做个纸船吗？
He
’
s doing his
homework now.
他正在做他的作业。
3. say/speak/talk/tell
say
：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”
、
< br>“说道”
，着重所说的话。如：
“
I
want
to
go
there
by
bus
”
,
he
said
.
他说，
“我要坐汽车到那里去。
”
Please
say
it
in
English
.
请用英语说。
speak
:
“说话”
，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词
(
即后面不能直接接宾语
)
。
如：
Can you speak
about him?
你能不能说说他的情况？
I
don
’
t like to speak like
this.
我不喜欢
这样说话。
speak
作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在
对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。
如：
She speaks English
well.
她英语说得好。
talk
:
与
speak
意义相近，
也着重说话的动作，
而不着重所说的话，<
/p>
因此，
一般也只用作不及物动词，
不
过，
talk
暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：
I
would
like
to
talk
to him about it .
我想跟他谈那件事。
Old women like to
talk with children.
老年妇女喜欢和孩子们
交谈。
tell
:
“告诉”
,
除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。
如：
He
’
s
telling
me
a
story.
他在给我讲故事。
tell a lie
撒谎
tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth
如：
.Miss Zhao often tells us
to
study hard.
4. do
cooking/ do the cooking
do cooking
作“做饭”解，属泛指。
do the cooking
特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。
cooking
为动名词，
不能用作复数，
但前面可用
some,
much
修饰。
从
do
some
cooking
可引出许多类似的短语：
do
some
washing
洗些衣服
do
some shopping
买些东西
do some
reading
读书
do some writing
写些东西
do some fishing
钓鱼
从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用
some,
much
或定冠词。
go
shopping
去买东西
go fishing
去钓鱼
go boating
去划船
go swimming
去游泳
5. like doing
sth./ like to do sth.
like doing sth.
与
like to do sth.
意思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的
习惯性和经常性；后来
表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如：
He likes
playing football, but he
doesn
‘
t like to play
football with Li Ming.
他喜欢踢足球，
但是他不喜欢和李明踢。
6. other/
others/ the other/ another
other
表其余的，别的，如：
Have you any other
questions?
你还有其他问题吗
?
others
别的人，别的东西
.<
/p>
如：
In the room some people are
American, the others are French.
在屋
子里一些人是美国人
,
其他的是法国人。
the
other
表另一个（二者之中）
one
…，
th
e other
…如：
One of
my
two
brothers
studies
English, the
other studies Chinese.
我两个哥哥中
的一个学习英文
,
另一个学中文。
<
/p>
another
表三者以上的另一个，另一些如：
There is room for another few books on the
shelf.
书架上
还可以放点书。
7. in the tree/ on the tree
in the tree
与
on
the tree.
译成中文均为
在树
上
但英语中有区别。
in the t
ree
表示某人、某事（不
属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在
树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用
on the
tree.
如：
There are some apples
on the tree.
那棵树上有些苹果。
There
is a bird in the tree.
那棵树
上有只鸟。
8. some/ any
some
和
any
< br>既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。
(1)some
常用于肯定句中，
any
常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：
There
is some water in the there any water in the
glass?There isn't any water in the
glass.
(2)
在说话者希望得
到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依然用
some
。如：
Would you like some tea?
9. tall/ high
(1)
说人，
动物，
树木等有生命的东西，
主要用
tall
，
不用
high
，
例如
a
tall
woman
一个高个子妇女
a
tall
horse
一个高大的马
(2)
说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用
high
，而不用
tall
，比如
人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上天时，
例如：
He is
high up in the tree.
他高高地爬在树上。
The plane is so
high in the sky.
飞机在
空中这么高。
(3)
指建筑物、山时要
tall
< br>或
high
都可以，不过
hig
h
的程度比
tall
高。
(4)high
可作副词，
tall
不能。
(5)tal
l
的反义词为
short,
high
的反义词为
low.
10.
can/ could
(1) can
表示体力和脑力方面的
能力，或根据客观条件能做某种动作的
能力
。例如：
Can you
ride a bike?
你会骑自行车吗
?What can
I do for you
？要帮忙吗？
Can you
make a
cake
？你会
做蛋糕吗？
(2) can
用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的
怀疑
猜测
或不肯定。例如：
Where can he
be
？他会在什么地方呢？
Can the news be
true
？这个消息会是真的吗？
It surely can't be six o'clock
already
？不可能已经六点钟了吧？
You can't be hungry so soon
，
Tom
，
you've just
had lunch.
汤姆，你不可能饿得这么快，你刚吃过午
饭。
What can he
mean
？他会是什么意思？
在日常
会话中，
can
可代替
may
表示
允许
，
may
比较正式。例如：
You can come in any
time.
你随时都
可以来。
--- Can I use your
pen
？我能用你的钢笔吗？
--- Of
course
，
you
can.
当然可以。
You can
have my seat
，
I'm going
now.
我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。
(3) could
could
是
can
的过去式，表示过去有过的
能力和可能性（在否定和疑问句中）
。例如：
The doctor said he could help
him.
（能力）医生说他能帮助他。
Lily could swim when she was four years
old.
（能力）当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。
At that time we thought the story could
be true.
（可能性）那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。
could
可代替
can
表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转。例如：
Could I speak to John
，
please
？我能和约翰说话吗？
Could
you
？在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如：
Could
you wait half an
hour
？请你等半个小时好吗？
Could you
please ring again at
six
？六点钟请你再打电话好吗？
(4) can
的形式
只有现在式
can
和过去式
could
两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态，有时也能表示将来。所
有其他时态（包括将来时）须用
be able
to
加动词不定式来表示。
例如：
They have not been able
to come to
Beijing.
他们没有能到北京来。
11. look for/ find
look
for
意为“寻找”
，而
find
意为“找到，发现”
，前者强调“找”这
一动作，并不注重“找”的结果，
而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如：
< br>She can
’
t find her ruler.
她找不到她的尺子啦。
Tom is
looking for his watch
，
but he
can
’
t find
it.
汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没能找到。
12. be sleeping/ be asleep
be sleeping
表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉”
；
be
asleep
表示状态，意思是“睡着了”
。
如：
---What are the children
doing in the room?
孩子们在房间里做什么？
---They are
sleeping.
他们正在睡觉。
The children are asleep
now.
现在孩子们睡着了。
13.
often/ usually/sometimes
often
< br>表示
经常
，
sometimes
表示
有时候
，在表示发生频率上
often
要高于
usually
，
usually
要高于
someti
mes
。这三个词表示的是经常性，一般性的动作或情况，常与一般现在时连用，常位于
主要谓语动词
的前面，其他谓语动词（
be
动词，情态动词和助动词）的后面，有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气，则
放在句
首。
We usually play
basketball after
school.
我们通常放学后打篮球。
Sometimes
I go to bed
early.
有
时，我睡觉很早。
He often reads English in the
morning.
他经常在早晨读英语。
14. How much/ How many
how
much
常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见句式是
How
much is / are
…
?
How much is the skirt?
这条裙子多少钱？
How much are the
bananas?
这些香蕉多少钱？
how
much
后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为“多少“，
how
many
后加可数名词的复数形式。
How much meat do you want?
你要多少肉呀？
How many students are
there in your class?
你们班
有多少人？
15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at
be good for
表示
对……有好处
，而
b
e bad for
表示
对……有害<
/p>
；
be good to
表示
对……友好
，
而
be bad to
表
示
对……不好
；
be good at
表示
擅长，在……方面做得好
，而
< br>be bad at
表示
在……
方面做得不好
。
如：
Doing eye exercises is
good for your
eyes.
做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
Eating too much is bad for you
health.
吃的太多对你的身体有害。
Miss Li is good to all of
us.
李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。
The boss is bad to his
workers.
这个老板对他的工人不好。
Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm
bad at it.
李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅长。
16. each/ every
each
和
every
都有
每一个
的意思，
但含义和
用法不相同。
each
从个体着眼，
e
very
从整体着眼。
each
可<
/p>
用于两者或两者以上，
every
只用于
三者或三者以上。
如：
We
each have a new
book.
我们每人各有一本新书。
There are
trees on each side of the
street.
街的两旁有树。
He gets up early every
morning.
每天早晨他都起得早。
each
可以用作形容词、副词和代词；
every
只能用作形容词。如：
Each of them has his
own duty.
他们
各人有各人的义务。
< br>They each want to do something different.
他们每个人都想做不同的事情。
17.
一般现在时
/
现在进行时
一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作
或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力，还有自然现象；而现在进
行时表示正在进行或发生
的动作（构成方式为
am/is
/are/+doing
）
。
I do my homework in the
evening.
我在晚上做作业。
I'm doing my
homework now.
我现在正在做作业。
现在进行时常与
now, these days, at
the moment
或
Look,
listen
等词连用；而一般现在时常与
often,
always, sometimes, usually, every day,
in the morning, on
Mondays
等连用。
We
often clean the classroom after
school.
我们经常放学后打扫教室。
Look! They are cleaning the classroom
.
看！他们正在打扫教室呢。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在：
1<
/p>
．动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法，人称代词的用法，可数名词和不可数名词的构成和
用法。
2
．本册书中常见的交际用语
3
．本册书中一些重点的词组和短语
考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。
【中考范例】
1.
（
安徽省中考试题）
---Hurry up! We
’
re all
waiting for you.
---I ________ for an
important phone call. Go without me.
A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited
【解析】答案：
C
。表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。
2.
(
长春市中考试题
)
Could you help ___ with ____ English, please?A. I,
my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I
【解析】答案：
C
。第一个空作宾语，应用
人称代词的宾格
me,
第二个空作定语，应用形容词性物主代
词
my
。
3.(
长春市中考试题
)
Dr. White can _______ French very well.
A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell
【解析】
答案：
A
。说什麽语言常用动词
spe
ak
。
4.
（
黄冈中考试题）
English
is spoken by __people. A. a lot B. much many C. a
large number of D. a great deal of
【解析
】答案：
C
。只有
a large
number of
能用来修饰复数可数名词
people<
/p>
。
4. he, say,
Beijing, big, beautiful, like, work, here
初二年级（上）
【知识梳理】
I.
重点短语
1. on time
2. best wishes
3. give a talk
4. for
example
5. short for
6. a
waste of time
7. go on a field trip
8. go fishing
9. I agree
10. next week
11. the day
after tomorrow
12. have a picnic
13. have some problems doing sth.
14. go the wrong way
15.
hurry up
16. get together
17. in the open air
18. on
Mid-Autumn Day
19. come over
20. have to
21. get home
22. agree with
23. in the
country
24. in town
25. all
the same
26. in front of
27.
on the left/right side
28. next to
29. up and down
30. keep
healthy
31. grow up
32. at
the same time
33. the day before
yesterday
35. last Saturday
36. half an hour ago
37. a
moment ago
38. just now
39.
by the way
40. all the time
41. at first
II.
重要句型
1. have fun doing sth.
2. Why don
’
t
you
…
?
3.
We
’
re going to do sth.
4. start with sth.
5. Why
not
…
?
6. Are you
going to
…
?
7. be
friendly to sb.
8.
You
’
d better do sth.
9. ask sb. for sth.
10. say
goodbye to sb.
11. Good luck(with sb)!
III.
交际用语
e backto school!
me.
I
’
m
sorry
I
’
m
late,
because
the
traffic is bad.
doesn
’
t matter.
Teachers
’
Day !
’
s a good idea.
are you going to
do
？
are we going
?
are we going to do ?
9.I
’
m good
at
…
’
s not far
from
…
11. Are you
free tomorrow evening?
you and Lily
like to come over to my
home for Mid-
Autumn Festival?
13.I
’
m glad you
can come.
for asking us.
about another one?
I have a taste?
me walk with you.
do you
have to do?
you live on a farm?
do you like better, the city or the
country?
do
you
like
best,
dogs,
cats
or
chickens?
we go at ten?
Good idea!
23.---
Let
’
s make it half past one.
---OK.
24.---Why not come a little
earlier? ---All
right.
me.
Where
’
s
the
nearest
post
office,
please?
’
s over there on
the right.
27.I
’
m
sorry I don
’
t know.
’
d
better
…
you all
the same.
bus do I take?
along this road.
day was it yesterday?
33.I
’
m sorry to
hear that.
34.I hope
you
’
re better now.
did you call me?
36.I
called to tell
…
【名师讲解】
1. on the
street / in the street
IV.
重要语法
going
to
的用法；
2.
形容词的比较级、最高级；
3.
形容词和副词的比较
4.
一般过去时
表示“在街上”时，
on the street
和
in the street
都可以，在美国多用
on the street,
在英国多用
in
the
street.
例如：
We
have
a
house
in
the
street.
我们在街上有座房子。
I
met
him
on
the
street.
我在街上遇见了他。
2. would like / like
would
like
和
like
含义不同。
like
意思是
“喜欢”
，
“爱好”
，而
would like
意思是“想要”
。试比较：
I
like
beer.=I
’
m
fond
of
beer.
我喜欢喝啤酒。
I
’
d
like
a
glass
of
beer=
I
want
a
glass
of
beer.
我想要一杯啤酒。
Do you like going to
the cinema?
你喜欢看电影吗？
Would
you like to go to the
cinema tonight?
你今晚想去看电影吗？
3.
another / the other
(1)another
通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或
物体。
例如：
May I have
another apple, please?
请在给我一个苹果好吗？
This
coat is too small for me. Please show me
another
这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿一件看看。
(2)the other
通常指两者中的另一个。例如：
He
has two
rulers.
One is
short. The other
is long.
他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把长的。
I have
two brothers. One works in
Xi
’
an . The other works in
Beijing.
我有两个兄弟，一个在西安工作，
另一个在
北京工作。
4. have to /must
(1)have to
和
must
都可以用来谈论义务，但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时，
常用
must
。如果谈论某种来自“外界”
的义务，常用
have
to
。例如：
I
must
stop
smoking.
我必须戒烟。
（自己想戒烟）
They
have to work for the boss.
他们不得不为那个老板工作。
（条件逼得他们去工作）
(2)have to
可用于多种时态，
must
只能用于一般现在时。例如：
I
’
ll have to get
up early tomorrow
morning.
明天早晨我必须早早起床。
We had
to work long hours
every day in order
to get more
money.
为了多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时间地工作。
<
/p>
(3)
用于否定句时，
mustn
’
t
意思是“决不能”
，
“禁止”
，而
don
’
t
have
to
意思是“不必”
，相当于
needn
’
t
。例如：
You
mustn
’
t
be
late
again
next <
/p>
time.
下一次你决不能再迟到。
Yo
u
don
’
t have
to go
there
today. You can go there
tomorrow.
你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。
5. hear sb. or sth. / herar sb. or
sth. do sth.
hear sb. or sth.
意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”
，而
hear sb.
or sth. do sth.
意思“听
到某人或某物做过某
事”
。试比较：
I hear him singing an
English song.
听见他在唱英歌曲。
I heard him sing an English
song.
我听见他唱一首英文歌。
类似
hear
这种用法的还有
see, watch, listen,
feel
等感官动词。
6. any
/some
any
和
some
都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用，但
some
一般用在肯定句中；
any
用在疑问
句和否定句中。试比较：
I
want
some
money.
我想要点钱。
Have
you
any
money?
你有钱吗？
I
don
’
t
have
any money.
我一点钱也没有。
some
有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”
。例如：
Would you like some
more beer?
请你再来点啤酒好吗？
Could I have some rice,
please?
请给我来点米饭好吗？
7. hear /listen to
listen
to
和
hear
都有“听”的意思，但含义有所不同。
Listen
to
强调“听”的动作，
hear <
/p>
强调“听”
的结果。例如：
Listen
to me ,please! I
’
m going to
tell you a story.
请听我说！我给你们讲个故
事。
Listen! Can you hear someone crying in
the next room?
听！你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗？
I listened, but heard
nothing.
我听了听，但什么也听不见。
hear
后面如果接宾语从句，常常表示“听说”
。例如：
I hear some
foreign students will visit our
school.
我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。
I hear there is going to be a film in
our school this
evening.
我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。
8.
Let
’
s
…
/Let us
…
Let
’
s
…
和
Let
us
…
都表示“让我们……”
,
如果
us
包括听话人在内，其含义相同，附带问句用
shall
we.
如果
us
< br>不包括听话人在内，
其含义不同，
Let
us
…的附带问句要用
will
you
。
例如：
L
et
’
s
go
shopping,
shall we?
我们去购物好吗？
9. take/
bring/ carry /get
这四个动词都有
“拿”
和
“带”
的意思，
但含义有所不同。
take
意为
“
带走”
，
“拿走”
，
< br>bring
意为
“带来”
，
“拿来”
, get
表示“到别的地方把某
人或某物带来或拿来”
，
carry
不
强调方向，带有负重的意思。试比
较：
My parents often take me there on
holidays.
我父母常常带我到那里去度假。
I
’
m going to take
you to
Beijing.
我准备带你去北京。
Bring me a
cup of tea,
please.
请给我端杯
茶来。
I
’
ll bring the
book to you
tomorrow.
明天我把那本书给你带来。
The
waiter carried the me to the
table
服务员把肉送到桌上。
The
monkey
carried
the
bag
on
her
back.
猴子把那个包背在背上。
She
went
back to get her
handbag.
他折回去拿他的手提包。
Let me
get the doctor.
让我去请医生吧。
10. far away /faraway
(1)far
away
是一个副词短语，意思是“很远”
。例如：
Some are far away. Some are nearer.
有些离得
很远，有些离得近一些的。
The
village is far away from
here.
那个村子离这儿很远。
(
2)faraway
是一个形容词，意思是“遥远的”
，可以在
句中作定语。例如：
He lives in
faraway mountain
village.
他住在一个遥远的小山村。
11. find / look for
find
和
look for
都有“找”的意思，但含义不同。
find
强调“找”的结果，而
look for
强调“找”的
过程。请看下列例句：
He
is
looking
for
his
bike.
他在找他的自行车
。
I
’
m
looking
for
my
watch,
but
can
’
t find
it.
我在找我的手表，但是找不到。
I hope you
will soon find your lost ring.
希望你尽
快找到丢失的戒指。
另外，
find
还有“发现”
；
“感到”
等意思。例如：
I found a wallet in the desk.
我在课桌里发现了一
个钱包。
I find this book very
interesting.
我觉得这本书很有意思。
12. in front of /in the front of
In front of
表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范围内。
In the
front of
表示在某物的前部，在某物的范
围内。试比
较：
My seat is in front of Mary
’
s.
我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。
He is sitting in the front of the car
with the driver.
他和司机坐在小车的前部。
【考点扫描】
1. be going
to
的用法；
2.
形容词的比较级、最高级；
3.
形容词和副词的比较
4.
一般过去时
5.
本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；
6.
本单元学过的日常交际用语。
【中考范例】
1. (
烟台市中考试题
)
In the exam, the ________ you are,
the ________ mistakes you
’
ll
make.
A.
carefully,
little B.
more
carefully,
fewest C.
more
careful,
fewer D.
more
careful,
less
【解析
】答案：
C
。该题考查的是形容词和副词的比较以及他们的比较
等级的用法。第一个空应填形容词
careful
的比较级，因
为它在句中作表语，第二个空应填
few
的比较级，因为它修饰
的是复数可数名词。
2. (
河北省中考试题
)
Bob
never does his homework _________ Mary. He makes
lots of mistakes.
A. so careful B.
as carefully as C. carefully D. as careful as
【解析】答案：
B
。该题考查的是形容词和
副词的用法比较。该空应填副词，因为它修饰的是动词
does
。
该题用的是
not as+
副词
+as
的结构，所以答案应是
B
。
3. (
重庆市中考试题
)
That
day I saw some parents _________ at the back of
the classroom, ________ to the teacher.
A. sitting, listened B. sat,
listened C. sitting, listening D. sat, listening
【解析】答案：
C
。该题考查的是
see sb. doing sth.
的句型结构和分词作状语的
用法。第一个空
stting
在句中作
saw
的宾语补足语，第二个空
listening
做伴随状语。
4. (
杭州市中考试题
)
You
________ open the door before the train gets into
the station.
A.
don
’
t have to B.
mustn
’
t C.
needn
’
t D. may not
< br>【解析】答案
:B
。该题考查的是几个情态动词否定式的
用法区别。
don
’
t have t
o
和
needn
’
t
的意思都
是“不必”
，
may not
的意思是“可以不”
，只有
mustn
’
t
表
示“不许”
，
“禁止”
。
初二年级（中）
【知识梳理】
I.
重点短语
1. give a concert
2. fall
down
3. go on
4. at the end
of
5. go back
6. in ahurry
7. write down
8. come out
9. all the year round
10.
later on
11. at times
12. ring sb. up
13. Happy
New Year!
14. have a party
15. hold on
16. hear from
17. be ready
18. at the
moment
19. take out
same
as
21. turn over
22. get-
together
23. put on
24. take
a seat
25. wait for
26. get
lost
27. just then
28. first
of all
29. go wrong
30. make
a noise
31. get on
32. get
off
33. stand in line
34. at
the head of
35. laugh at
36.
throw about
37. in fact
38.
at midnight
39. enjoy oneself
40. have a headache
41. have
a cough
42. fall asleep
43.
again and again
44. look over
45. take exercise
II.
重要句型
1. be good for sth.
2. I think
…
3. I hope
…
4. I love
…
5. I don
’
t
like
…
6.
I
’
m
sure
…
7. forget
to do sth.
8. take a message for sb.
9. give sb. the message
10.
help yourself to sth.
11. be famous for
sth.
12. on one
’
s
way to
…
13. make
one
’
s way
to
…
14. quarrel
with sb.
15. agree with sb.
16. stop sb. from doing sth.
III.
交际用语
’
s the weather
like today?
’
s
cold, but quite suuny.
cold it is
today!
, but
it
’
ll be warmer later on.
we make a snowman?
. Come
on!
New Year!
I speak to
Ann, please?
？
on, please.
a
lot
for
inviting
me
to
your
party.
. But
I
’
m afraid
I may
be a little late.
I take a message for
you?
’
s OK. It
doesn
’
t matter.
14.I
’
m very
sorry, but I can
’
t come.
15.I
’
m sorry to
hear that.
birthday!
you
like ...? Would you like to ...?
you
think ...? Yes, I think so. / No, I
don't think so.
you agree?
Yes, I agree. / No, don't
really agree.
I really can't agree.
are a few / a
lot of ... / on it.
do we.
22.I'm happy you like it.
is the way to ..., please?
right/left
at the ... crossing.
on until you
reach ...
can
I
get
to
...?
Go
down/up/along
this
road.
's the
matter?
'll take you half an hour to
...
'd better catch a bus.
may be in ... Ah, so it is
must be more careful!
mustn't cross
the road now.
you
want
to
cross
a
street,
you
must
wait
for the
green light.
stand in line.
must wait for your turn.
you don't go soon, you'll be late.
37.I
don't feel very well.
head hurts.
mustn't eat anything until you see the
doctor.
's the trouble?
's the matter
with
…
?
didn't
feel like eating anything.
g serious.
/get a pain in
…
problem.
this medicine
three times a day.
IV.
重要语法
1.
一般过去时；
【名师讲解】
1. above/ over/ on
2.
反意疑问句的用法；
3.
一般将来时；
4.
感叹句；
5.
简单句的五种基本句型；
6.
情态动词
can,
may
和
must, have
to
的用法；
7.
时间状语从句和条件状语从句。
这三
个介词都表示“在……之上”
，但含义不同。
on
指在某物的表面上，和某物接触；
above
指在某
物的上
方，不和某物接触，但也不一定在某物的正上方；
ove
r
指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触。试比较：
There
is a book on the
desk.
课桌上有一本书。
I
raise my right hand above my head.
我把右手高举过头。
There
is a stone bridge over the river.
河面上有座石桥。
2.
forget to do sth./forget doing sth.
forget to do sth.
意思是“忘记做某事”<
/p>
，实际上还没做；
forget doing sth,
意思是“忘记做过某事”
，
实际上已经做过了。
试比较：
I forgot to tell him the
news.
我忘记告诉他这条消息了。
I forgot telling him the
news.
我已经把这条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。
类似的词还有：
remember,
regret
等。
3.
hope/wish
hope
和
wish
在汉语中都有“希望”的意思，但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下：
<
/p>
(1)wish
可以用来表示不可实现的愿望；
< br>hope
只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如：
I wish I were 20 years
younger.
我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。
I hope you
’
ll be
better soon.
我希望你能很快好起来。
I wish the weather
wasn
’
t so cold.
但愿天气不这麽冷。
I hope
he will come, too.
我希望他也能来。
(2)wish
可以接
sb. to
do sth.
的结构，而
hope
不可以。例如：
Do you wish me to
come back later?
你是否希望我再来？
4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about
sb. or sth.
(1)be sure to do sth.
可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求，意思是“务必”
，也可以用来表示说
话人做
出的推断，意思是“一定”
，
“
肯定”
。例如：
Be sure
to lock the door when you
leave.
你离开时务必把门锁好。
It
’
s a good film.
You are sure to enjoy
it.
这是一部好电影，你肯定会喜欢的。
(2)be sure of/about sth.
可
用来表示“某人对某事有把握”
。例如：
I
’
m sure of his
success.
我相信他会成功。
I think it was three years ago, but
I
’
m not sure about
it.
我想那是三年前的事情，但我没有把握。
5. hear from/hear of
hear
意思是“听到”
，从哪里听到要用
from
来表示。例如：
I
’
ve heard from
Xiao Wu that we
’
ll start out
military training tomorrow.
我听小吴说，我们明
天开始军训。
Listen to the tape and
write out what you hear from Han Mei.
听录
音，并写出你从韩
梅那里听到的内容。
hear from
还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”
（
=receive a letter from
sb.
）
。例如：
I heard from my pen friend in the
U.S.A. last month.
上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。