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初中英语语法精讲精练：主谓一致
主谓一
致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。表现在三个方面：语法
一致；意义一致；
就近一致（就近原则）
。
一、语法一致
(
意义一致
)
：主语复数
----
谓语复数；主语单数
-----
谓语单数
1
、主语复数的情况
----
谓复
⑴
people, police,
staff, crowd, sheep, cattle
等集体名词作主语，谓语动
词用复数形式。
The
police are waiting for the boy.
The staff are dressed as clowns.
⑵
由
both
…
and
…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
Both his father and his mother are both
teachers.
他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
⑶“定冠词
+
姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，
谓语一般用复数。
The
Smiths are having dinner.
⑷
the
＋
a.
表一类人，做主语，谓语用复
数；但表示抽象概念时，用单数形式：
The poor aren’t
always very sad, while the rich aren’t always
happy.
The beautiful
lives forever.
美是永存的。
2
、主语单数的情况
-----
谓单
⑴
单数名词
(
代词
)
，不可数名词作主语时，谓语
用单数形式：
Some water is
in the bottle.
The boy is playing football on the
playground.
⑵
many a+
< br>单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”
，但谓语要用单数形式：
Many a student has been to
Shanghai.
⑶
more than
one+
单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：
More than one student has ever been to
Beijing.
不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
⑷
表示时间，
价格，
重量，
数目，
长度等度量词或
短语作主语时，
常看作整体概念，
谓单：
Two
months is a long holiday.
两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds
isn
’
t so heavy.
2 0
英镑并不太重。
Ten
miles isn
’
t a long distance.
1
0
英里并不是一段很长的距离。
⑸
表加减乘除的数学运算做主语，谓单：
Three plus two is five.
Five minus four is one.
Three times two is six.
Eight divided by four is two.
⑹
each A and each B
和
every A and
every B
作主语，谓单：
Each boy and each girl has
got a seat.
每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and
every woman is at work.
每个男人和女人都在工作。
⑺
one and a
half+
复数名词作主语，谓单：
One and a half
hours is enough.
一个半小时足够了。
⑻
动词不定式，动名词
,
句子作主语时，谓单
：
To see is to
believe
眼见为实。
Doing eye
exercises is good for your eyes.
做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
Who will be our English teacher is
unknown.
⑼
a/an+
单数名词
+or two
作主语，谓单：
A student or
two has failed the exam.
一两个学生考试不及格。
⑽
主语为某些词组，
如
one of ,
each of, every one of, any one of , none of
等
加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。
如：
One of my favorite sports
is basketball.
⑾
不
定
代
词
somebody,
someone,
something,
anybody,
anything,everybody, everyone,
everything, nobody, no one,
nothing
作主
语，谓单：
Is
everyone here today.
Something is wrong with my
watch.
Nobody was in.
⑿
each, either, neither, another, the
other
作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：
Each of them has an English dictionary.
他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct
两个答案都不正确。
⒀
s
结尾的
表单数意义的名词作主语，谓单，如
news, maths,
physics
等：
No news is good
news.
没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class
在我们班数学很受欢迎。
3
、谓语
根据主语单复数意义来定的情况：
⑴
a number
of+
复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；
the
number of +
复数名词
作主语，谓语动词用单数。例
如：
A number of famous people were invited
to party.
许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚
会。
The number of the students
is over eight hundred.
我们学校
的学生数超过
800
人。
⑵
相同两部分组成的名词做主语，谓复；
当名词前
kind
of, pair
of,
glass
of
等表示量的短语修饰时，谓语与
kind, pair,
glass
等一致：
The blue trousers are mine.
This pair of
shoes is Tom
’
s.
这双鞋是汤姆的。
There are two
glasses of water on the table.
桌上有两杯水。
⑶“
lots of/ a lot of/plenty
of+
名词”或“分数
/
百分数
+
名词”作主语时，谓
语动词取决于名词的
数；若是不可数名词，用单数；若名词是复数，则用复数
75 percent of land is covered with
water.
Three fourths
of students are girls in our class. Lots of money
is needed.
Plenty of water
has been polluted.
⑷
由
and
连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但
and
所连接的并列
主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数：
①
a/the+
单数名词
+and+
单数名词，指的是同一个人或物
:
The writer and teacher is coming.
②
a/t
he+
单数名词
+and+a/the+
单数名词，指两个人或物：
The writer and the teacher
are coming.
作家和老师来了。
(
< br>作家和老师是两个人
)
⑸
family, class,
group,
team
等集体名词作主语，若指整体时，谓单
;
指具体成
员时，谓复数：
His
family isn
’
t large.
他家的人不多。
My
family all like watching TV.
我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
⑹
none
如指量，
用单数。
若指数目，
与可数名词连用，
谓语用单也可用复
，
none
如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。
None of the land has become
desert.
这些土地都没有变成沙漠。
None of the students in the class are
tired of his lesson.
⑺
all/most/half/two
thirds
of/the
rest
of+
名词作主语，谓语动词取决于
of
后面的名
词：
Most of his
time is spent on study.
All
of the work has to be finished at once.
Most of the girls are fond
of skiing.
⑻
当主语后有
with
，
together with
，
along
with
，
as well as
，<
/p>
besides
，
except
，
but
，
like<
/p>
等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定：