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初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习
2.
this/that/these/those
(1)
this
常常用来指在时间
、地点上更接近讲话
初一年级
(
上
p>
)
【知识梳理】
I.
重点短语
树上有只鸟。
人的人和事,
时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的
1.
Sit down
2.
on duty
3.
in English
4.
have a seat
5.
at home
6.
look like
7.
look at
8.
have a look
9.
come on
10.
at work
11.
at school
12.
put on
13.
look after
14.
get up
15.
go shopping
1.
Good morning, Miss/Mr
2.
Hello! Hi!
3.
Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you,
too.
II.
重要句型
4.
How are you? I'm fine, thank
you/thanks. And
you?
1.
help sb. do
sth.
2.
What
about
?
?
3.
Let's do sth.
4.
It's time to do
sth.
5.
It's time
for
?
6.
What's
?
? It is
?
/ It's
?
7.
Where is
?
? It's
?
.
8.
How old are you? I'm
?
.
9.
What class are you in?
I'm in
?
.
10.
Welcome to
?
.
【名师讲解】
/on
在表示空间位置时,
in
表示在某个空间
on
表示在某一个物体的表面之上。
There is a picture on the wall.
5.
See you. See you
later.
6.
Thank
you! You're welcome.
7.
Goodbye! Bye!
8.
What's your name? My name is
9.
Here you are. This way,
please.
10.
Who's
on duty today?
11.
Let's do.
12.
Let me see.
III.
交际用语
人和事,
look in that
one over there.
11.
What's
?
plus
?
? It's
?
.
12.
I think
?
13.
Who's this? This is
?
.
14.
What can you see
?
I can see
?
.
15.
There is (are)
?
.
16.
What color is it (are they)? It's
(They're)
?
17.
Whose
?
is this? It's
?
.
18.
What time is it? It's
?
.
?
.
?
.
墙上有张图。
的范围以内,
例如:
There
is a bird in the tree.
these
是
this
的复数形式。
that
常常用来指在
those
时
that
的复数形式。
例如:
You look in
this box and I'll
你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒
子。
IV.
重要语法
1
1.
动词
be
的用法;
2.
人称代词和物主代词的用法;
3.
名词的单复数和所有格的用法;
4.
冠词的基本用法;
5.
There be
句型的用法。
2
I want this
car, not that car.
我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆。
Take these books to his room, please.
请把这些书拿到他房间去。
This
is mine; that's yours.
这个是我的,那个是你的。
These are apples; those are oranges.
这些是苹果,那些是橘子。
(2)
在打电话的用语中,
this
常常指的是我,
that
常常指的是对方。例如:
This
is Mary speaking. Who's that?
我是玛丽。你是谁?
3.
There be/ have
There be
有
,其确切含意为
某处或某时存在某人或某物。
其结构是:
There be +
某人或某物
+
表
示地点或时间的状语。
There
be
后面的名词实际上是主语,
be
动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致,
be
动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用
is
,名词是复数时用
are
。例如:
(1) There
is a big bottle of
coke
on the table.
桌上有一大瓶子可乐。
(2)
There is a doll in the box.
那个盒子里有个娃娃。
(3)
There are many apples on the tree.
那树上有许多苹果。
总之,
There be
结构强调的是一种客观存在的
有
。
have
表示
拥有,占有,具有
,即:某人有某物
(sb. have / has sth.)
。主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系。例如:
(4)
I have two brothers and
one sister.
我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。
(5)
That house has four
rooms.
那所房子有四个房间。
4.
look/ see/
watch
(1)
look
表示“看、瞧” ,着重指认真看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地注意看,但不一定看到
,以提醒
对
方注意。,如:
Look! The
children are playing computer games.
瞧!孩子们在玩电脑游戏。
Look! What's that over there?
看!那边那个是什么?
单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人
/
物,其后接介词
at
,才能带宾语,如:
He's looking at me
。他
正在看着我。
(2)
see
强调“看”的结果,着重的是
look
这个动作的结果,意思是“看到”
,
see
是及物动词,后面能
直
接跟宾语。如:
What can
you see in the picture?
你能在图上看到什么?
看黑板!你看到了什么?
Look
at the blackboard. What did you see on it?
(3)
watch
“观看,注视”
,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动,强调过程,常
用
于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如:
Yesterday we watched a football match
on TV.
4.
put on/ /
in
put on
意为“穿上,戴上” 。主要指“穿上”这一动作
,
后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。
in
是介词,表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标
语和状语。如:
It's cold outside,
put on your coat.
外面冷,穿上你的外衣。
He
puts on his hat and goes out.
他戴上帽子,走了出去。
The
woman in a white blouse is John's mother.
5.
house/
home/family
house
:“房子”,指居住的建筑物
;
Home:
“家”,指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方
; Family:
“家
昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。
穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是
John
的妈妈。
3
庭“,“家庭成员”
。例如:
Please come to my house
this afternoon.
今天下午请到我家来。
He is not at home.
他不在家。
My family
all get up early.
我们全家都起得很早。
6.
fine, nice, good, well
四者都可用作形容词表示
好
之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者
仅用作表语。主要区别在于:
(1)
fine
指物时表示的是质量上的
精细
,形容人时表示的是
身体健康
,也
可以用来指
天气晴朗
。例
如:
Your parents
are very fine.
你父母身体很健康。
That's a fine machine.
那是一台很好的机器
It's a
fine day for a walk today.
今天是散步的好时候。
(
2
)
nice
主要侧重于人或物的外表,有
美好
,
漂亮
的意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人。
例如:
Lucy looks
nice.
露西看上去很漂亮。
These coats are very nice.
那些裙子很好看。
Nice to
meet you.
见到你很高兴。
It's very nice of you.
你真好。
(
3
)
good
形容人时指
品德好
,形容物时指
质量好
p>
,是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。
例如:
Her
son is a
good student.
她儿子是一个好学生。
The red car is very good.
那辆红色小汽车很好。
(
4
)
well
只可用来形容人的
身体好
p>
,但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动词之
后
。
例如:
I'm very well, thanks.
我身体很好,谢谢。
My
friends sing well.
我的朋友们歌唱得好。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在:
1.
动词
be
的用法;
2.
人称代词和物主代词的用法;
3.
名词的单复数和所有格的用法;
4.
冠词的基本用法;
5.
There be
句型的用法。
6.
本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;
7.
本单元学过的日常交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。
【中考范例】
1.
(
2004
年北京市中考试题
)
Mary, please
show
_
______
your picture.
A. my B. mine
C. I D. me
【解析】答案:
D
。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词
show
后面跟双宾语,空白处
应填入人称代词的宾格
me
作宾语。
2.
(
2004
年上海市徐汇区中考试题
)
_
________ orange on the
desk is for you, Mike. A. A C. / D.
The
【解析】答案:
D
。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子,所以用
定冠词
the
。
3.
(
2004
年哈尔滨市中考试题
)
---What
_
_____
the
number of the girls in your class?
A.
is B. am C. are D. be
---About twenty.
【解析】
答案:
A
。该题考查的是动词
be
的用法和主谓一致。
the number
作主语,
应该是单数第三人
称,
动词
be
变为
is
。
4
4.
(
2004
年陕西省中考试题
)
There
_
_______
a
football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be
C. has D. is going to have
【解析】答案:
B
。该题考查的是
There be
?
句型和动词
have
用法区别。
There be
句型本身就表示“在
某个地方存在某个人或物” ,不能和动词
have
混在一起用。
5
初一年级
(
下
)
【知识梳理】
I.
重点短语
1.
a bottle of
2.
a little
3.
a lot (of)
4.
all day
5.
be from
6.
be over
7.
come back
8.
come from
9.
do one's homework
10.
do the
shopping
11.
get
down
12.
get
home
13.
get
to
14.
get
up
15.
go
shopping
16.
have
a drink of
17.
have a look
18.
have breakfast
19.
have lunch
20.
have supper
21.
listen to
22.
not
?
at all
23.
put
?
away
24.
take off
25.
throw it like
that
26.
would
like
27.
in the
middle of the day
28.
in the morning / afternoon/
evening
29.
on a
farm
30.
in a
factory
II.
重要句型
1.
Let sb. do sth.
2.
Could sb. do
sth.?
3.
would
like sth.
4.
would like to do sth.
5.
What about something to
eat?
6.
How do
you spell
?
?
7.
May I borrow
?
?
III.
交际用语
1.
—
Thanks very
much!
—
You're welcome.
2.
Put it/them
away.
3.
What's
wrong?
4.
I think
so.
I don't think so.
5.
I want to take some books
to the classroom.
6.
Give me a bottle of orange juice,
please.
Please give it /
them back tomorrow. OK.
9.
What's your favourite sport?
10. Don't worry.
11.
I'm (not) good at
basketball.
12.
Do you want a go?
13.
That's right./ That's
all right./ All right.
14.
Do
you have a dictionary / any
dictionaries?
Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
15.
We / They have some
CDs.
We / They don't have
any CDs.
16.
---What day is it today /
tomorrow?
---It's
Monday.
17.
---May I borrow your colour pens,
please?
---Certainly. Here
you are.
18.
---Where are you from?
---From Beijing.
19.
What's your telephone
number in New York?
20.
---Do you like hot dogs?
---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. /
Very much.)
---No, I don't. ( I don't
like them at all.)
21.
---What does your mother
like?
---She likes dumplings
and vegetables very much.
22.
---When do you go to school every
day?
---I go to school at
7:00 every day.
23.
---What time does he go to bed in the
evening?
---He
goes to bed at 10:00.
IV.
重要语法
6
1.
人称代词的用法;
4
.动词
have
的用法;
5
.一般现在时构成和用法;
6
.可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法
2.
祈使句;
3.
现在进行时的构成和用法;
【名师讲解】
1.
That's right./ That's all right./ All
right.
That's right
意为“对的”,表示赞同对方的意见、
看法或行为,
肯定对方的答案或判断。
例如:
we must help
the old man.
我想我们应该帮助这位老人。
或
说得对
。
That's all right.
意为“不用谢”
、“没关系”,用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如:
All
right.
意为“行了”、“可以”,表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”
tell me about
it.
请把此事告诉我。
好吧。
Is your mother
all right?
你妈身体好吗
2.
make/do
这两个词都可以解释为“做” ,但含义却不同,不能混用。
make
指做东西或制东西,
do
指做一件具体的
事。
Can you make a
paper boat for me?
你能为我做个纸船吗?
He's
doing his homework now.
他正在做他的作业。
3.
say/speak/talk/tell say
:是最口语化的最普通的一个词,意为“说出”
、“说道”,着重所说的话。
如:
“
I want to go there by bus
English .
请
”
, he said .
他说,“我要坐汽车到那里去。
”
Please say it in
用英语说。
speak :
“说话”,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词
(
即后面不能直接接宾语
)
。
如:
Can you speak
about him?
说话。
你能不能说说他的情况?
I
don't like to speak like this.
我不喜欢这样
speak
作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。
< br>
如:
She speaks
English well.
她英语说得好。
talk :
与
speak
意义相近,
也着重说话的动作,
而不着重所说的话,
因此,一般也只用作不及物动词,
不
过,
talk
暗示话是对某人说的,
有较强的对话意味,
着重指连续地和别人谈话。
如:
I would like to
talk to him about it .
我想跟他谈那件事。
Old
women like to talk with children.
老年妇女喜欢和孩子
们交谈。
tell :
“告诉”
,
除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语。
He's telling me
a story.
他在给我讲故事。
如:
tell a lie
撒谎
tell sb. to do
sth. /tell sb. not to do sth
4. do
cooking/ do the cooking
如:
.Miss Zhao often tells us
to study hard.
特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。
cooking
为动名
读书
do some
writing
写些东西
do
cooking
作“做饭”解,属泛指。
do the cooking
词,不能用作复数,
但前面可用
some, much
修饰。从
do some
cooking
可引出许多类似的短语:
do some
washing
洗些衣服
do some
shopping
买些东西
do
some reading
do some fishing
钓鱼
从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用
some, much
或定冠词。
go shopping
去买东西
go fishing
去钓鱼
go boating
去划船
go swimming
去游泳
5.
like doing sth./ like to
do sth.
like doing sth.
与
like to do sth.
意思相同,但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯
< br>
7
性和经常性;后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如:
He likes playing football, but he
doesn't like to play football with Li Ming.
他喜欢踢足球,但是他不
喜欢和李明踢。
6.
other/ others/ the other/
another
other
表其余的,别的,如:
Have
you any other questions?
你还有其他问题吗
?
others
别的人,别的东西
.
如:
In
the room some people are American, the others are
French.
在屋子
里一些人是美国人
,
其他的是法国人。
the other
表另一个
(
p>
二者之中
)
one
?
,
the other
?
如:
One of my two brothers studies English,
the
other studies Chinese.
我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文
,
另一个学中文。
another
表三者以上的另一个,另一些如:
There is room for another few books on
the shelf.
书架上还
可以放点书。
7.
in the tree/ on the tree
in the tree
与
on the tree.
译成中文均为
在树上
但英语中有区别。
in the tree
表示某人、某事
(
不
属于
树本身生长出的别的东西
)
落在树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、
果等长在树上时,要使用
on the tree.
如:
There are some
apples on the tree.
果。
There is a bird in the tree.
8.
some/ any
some
和
any
既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两
点需要注意。
(1)
some
常用于肯定句中,
any
常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:
那棵树上有些苹
那棵树上有只鸟。
There is some water in the glass. Is
there any water in the glass? There isn't any
water in the glass.
(2)
在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,
或在表示
请求,
邀请的疑问句中,我们依然用
some
。如:
Would you like some tea?
9.
tall/ high
(1)
说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,
主要用
tall
,不用
high
,例如
a tall woman
一个高个子妇女
a
说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用
high
,而不用
tall horse
一个高大的马
(2)
tall
,比如人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时,
例如:
He is high up
in the tree.
他高高地爬在树上。
The plane is so high in the sky.
飞机在空中这
么高。
(3)
指建筑物、山时要
tall
或
high
都可以,不过
high
的程度比
tall
高。
(4)
(5)
high
可作副词,
tall
不能。
tall
的反义词为
short, high
的反义词为
low.
10.
can/ could
(1)
can
表示体力和脑力方面的能力,或根据客观条件能做某种动作的
能力
。例如:
Can you ride a bike?
你会骑自行车吗
?What can
I do for you
?要帮忙吗?
Can you make a cake
?你
会做
蛋糕吗?
(2)
can
用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的
< br>
怀疑
猜测
或不肯定。例如:
Where
can he be
?他会在什么地方呢?
Can the news be true
?这个消息会是真的吗?
It
surely can't be six o'clock already
?不可能已经六点钟了吧?
You
can't be hungry so soon
,
Tom
,
you've just had lunch.
汤姆,你不可能饿得这么快,你刚吃过午
8
饭。
What can he
mean
?他会是什么意思?
在日常会话中,
can
可代替
may
表示
允许
,
may
比较正式。例如:
You can come in any time.
都可以来。
--- Can I
use your pen
?我能用你的钢笔吗?
--- Of course
,
you can.
当然可以。
You can have my seat
,
I'm going now.
我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。
(3)
could
could
是
can
的过去式,表示过去有过的能力和可能性
(
在否定和疑问句中<
/p>
)
。例如:
The doctor said he could help him.
(能力)医生说他能帮助他。
Lily could swim when she was four years
old.
(能力)当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。
At that time we thought the story could
be true.
(可能性)那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。
could
可代替
can
表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为婉转。例如:
Could I speak to John
,
please
?我能和约翰说话吗?
你随时
Could you
?在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如:
Could you wait half an hour
?请你等半个小时好吗?
Could
you please ring again at six
?六点钟请你再打电话好吗?
(
4
)
can
的形式
只有现在式
can
和过去式
could
两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来。所
有
其他时态(包括将来时)须用
be able to
加动词不定式来表示。
例如:
They have not
been able to come to Beijing.
他们没有能到北京来。
11.
look for/ find
look for
意为“寻找”,而
find
意为“找到,发现”
,前者强调“找”这一动作,并不注重“找”的结
果,
而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如:
She can't find her ruler.
她找不到她的尺子啦。
Tom is
looking for his watch
,
but
he can't find it.
汤姆正在寻找他的手表,但没能找到。
12.
be sleeping/ be
asleep
be sleeping
表示动作,意思是“正在睡觉” ;
be asleep
表示状态,意思是“睡着了” 。
如:
---What are
the children doing in the room?
孩子们在房间里做什么?
---They are sleeping.
他们
正在睡觉。
The
children are asleep now.
现在孩子们睡着了。
13.
often/ usually/sometimes
often
表示
经常
,
sometimes
表示
有时候
,在表示发生频率上
often
要高于
usually
,
usually
要高
于
sometimes
。这三个词表示的是经常性,一般性的动
作或情况,常与一般现在时连用,常位于主要谓语动
词的前面,其他谓语动词(
be <
/p>
动词,情态动词和助动词)的后面,有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气,
则放在句首。
We
usually play basketball after school.
我们通常放学后打篮球。
Sometimes I go to bed early.
有时,
我睡觉很早。
He often
reads English in the morning.
他经常在早晨读英语。
14.
How much/ How many
how much
常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是
How much is the skirt?
How
much is / are
?
?
这条裙子多少钱?
How much
are the bananas?
这些香蕉多少钱?
how much
后加不可数名词,表示数量,意为“多少“,
how many
后加可数名词的复数形式。
9
How much meat do you want?
你要多少肉呀?
How many
students are there in your class?
你们
班有多少人?
15.
be good for/ be good to/ be good
at
be good for
表示
对
?
?
有好处
,而
be bad for
表示
对
?
?
有害
;
be good to
表示
对
?
?
友好
,而
be bad to
表示
对
?
?
不好
;
be good at
表示
擅长,在
?
?
方面做得好
,而
be
bad at
表示
在
?
?
方面
做得不好
。
如:
Doing eye
exercises is good for your eyes.
做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
Eating too much is bad for you health.
吃的太多对你的身体有害。
Miss
Li is good to all of us.
李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。
The boss is bad to his workers.
这个老板对他的工人不好。
Li
Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.
李雷擅长画画,但是我不擅长。
16.
each/ every
10
each
和
every
都有
每一个
的意思,但含义和用法不相同。
each
从个体着眼,
every
从整体着眼。
each
可用于两者或两者以上,
every
只用于三者或三者以上。
如:
We each have a
new book.
街的两旁有树。
我们每人各有一本新书。
There
are trees on each side of the street.
He gets up early every morning.
每天早晨他都起得早。
each
可以用作形容词、副词和代词;
every
只能用作形容词。如:
Each of them has his own duty.
他们
各
人有各人的义务。
They each want to do something
different.
他们每个人都想做不同的事情。
17.
一般现在时
/
现在进行时
一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能
力,还有
自然现象;而现在进
行时表示正在进行或发生的动作(构成方式为
I do my homework in the evening.
am/is /are/+doing
)。
我在晚上做作业。
I'm
doing my homework now.
我现在正在做作
业。
现在进行时常与
now,
these days, at the moment
或
Look, listen
等词连用;而一般现在时常与
often,
always, sometimes,
usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays
等连用。
We often
clean the classroom after school.
我们经常放学后打扫教室。
Look! They are cleaning the classroom .
看!他们正在打扫教室呢。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在:
1<
/p>
.动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法,人称代词的用法,可数名词和不可
数名词的构成和用法。
2
.本册书中常见的交际用语
3
.本册书中一些重点的词组和短语
考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。
【中考范例】
1.
(
2004
年安徽省中考试题)
---Hurry up! We're all waiting for
you.
---I
_
______
for an important phone call. Go without
me.
A. wait B. was waiting
C. am waiting
D.
waited
【解析】答案:
p>
C
。表示现在正在进行的动作,用现在进行时。
2.
(
2004
年长春市中考试题
)
Could you help
___ with _
English, please?A. I, my
B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I
【解析】答案:
C
< br>。第一个空作宾语,应用人称代词的宾格
me,
第二个空作定语,应用形容词性物主代
词
my
。
3.
(
2004
年长春市中考试题
)
B. talk C. say
D. tell
Dr. White can
______
French
very well. A. speak
【解析】答案:
A
。说什麽语言常用动词
speak
。
4.
(
2004
年黄冈中考试题)
English
is spoken by __people. A. a lot
B. much
many C. a large number of
D. a great
deal of
解析】答案:
C
。只有
a
large number of
能用来修饰复数可数名词
people
4.
he, say, Beijing, big, beautiful, like,
work, here
初二年级(上)
【知识梳理】
I.
重点短语
11
1. on time
2. best wishes
3. give a talk
4. for
example
5. short for
6. a
waste of time
7. go on a field trip
8. go fishing
9. I agree
10. next week
11. the day
after tomorrow
12. have a picnic
13. have some problems doing sth.
14. go the wrong way
15.
hurry up
16. get together
17. in the open air
18. on
Mid-Autumn Day
19. come over
20. have to
21. get home
22. agree with
23. in the
country
24. in town
25. all
the same
26. in front of
27.
on the left/right side
28. next to
29. up and down
30. keep
healthy
31. grow up
32. at
the same time
33. the day before
yesterday
35. last Saturday
36. half an hour ago
37. a
moment ago
38. just now
39.
by the way
40. all the time
41. at first
II.
重要句型
1. have fun
doing sth.
2.
Why don't you
?
?
3.
We're going to do sth.
4.
start with
sth.
5.
Why not
?
?
6.
Are you going to
?
?
7.
be friendly to sb.
8.
You'd better do
sth.
9.
ask sb.
for sth.
10.
say
goodbye to sb.
11.
Good luck(with sb)!
III.
交际用语
1.
Welcome back to
school!
2.
Excuse
me. I'm sorry I'm late, because the traffic is
bad.
doesn't
matter.
Teachers' Day
!
5.
That's a
good idea.
6.
What are you going to do
?
7.
Where are we going ?
8.
What are we going to do
?
9.I'm good at
?
's not far from
?
11.
Are you free tomorrow
evening?
12.
Would you and Lily like to come over to
my home for Mid-Autumn
Festival?
13.I'm
glad you can come.
for
asking us.
about another
one?
16.
May I
have a taste?
17.
Let me walk with you.
18.
What do you have to
do?
19.
Do you
live on a farm?
20.
Which do you like better, the city or
the country?
21.
Which do you like best, dogs, cats or
chickens?
we go at ten?
Good idea!
23.
---Let's make it half past one.
---OK.
24.
---Why
not come a little earlier? ---All
right.
25.
Excuse
me. Where's the nearest post office, please?
12
's over there on the right.
27.I'm sorry I don't know.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
You'd
better
?
Thank
you all the same.
Which bus do I take?
Go along this road.
What day
was it
did you call me?
36.I called to tell
?
IV.
重要语法
1.
2.
3.
4.
be going to
的用法;
形容词的比较级、最
高级;
形容词和副词的比较
一般过去时
yesterday?
33.I'm sorry to hear
that.
34.I hope you're better now.
【名师讲解】
1. on the street / in the street
表示“在街上” 时,
on the street
和
in the street
都可以,
在美国多用
on the
street,
在英国多用
in
the street.
例如:
We have a house in the street.
我们在街上有座房子。
I met
him on the street.
我在
街
上遇见了他。
2.
would like / like
would like
和
like
含义不同。
like
意思是“喜欢”
,“爱好”,而
would like
意思是“想要” 。试比
较:
I like beer.=I'm fond of beer.
我喜欢喝啤酒。
I'd like
a glass of beer= I want a glass of
beer.
我想要
你喜欢看电影吗?
Would
you like to go to the cinema
一杯啤酒。
Do you like
going to the cinema?
tonight?
你今晚想去看电影吗?
3.
another / the other
(1)
another
通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或
物
体。
例如:
May I have
another apple, please?
This coat is too
small for me. Please show me another
(2)
the other
通常指两者中的另一个。例如:
He
请在给我一个苹果好吗?
这件外套我穿太小,请再给我拿一件看看。
has two rulers. One is short. The other
is long. brothers.
One works in Xi'an .
The other works in Beijing.
北京工
他有两把尺子,
一把短的,
另一把长的。
I have
two
作。
4.
have to
/must
(1)
have to
和
must
都可以用来谈论义务,但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时,
常用
must
。如果
谈论某种来自“外界”的义务,常用
have to
。例如:
I must stop smoking.
我必须戒
烟。
(
自己想戒烟
)
They
have to work for the boss.
他们不得不为那个老板工作。
(
条件逼得他们去工作
)
(2)
have to
可用于多种时态,
must
只能用于一般现在时。例如:
I'll have to get up early tomorrow
morning.
明天早晨我必须早早起床。
We had to work long hours
every day in order to get more money.
(3)
为了多挣钱,我们不得不每天长时间地工作。
用于否定句时,
mustn't
意思是
“决不能”,“禁止”,而
下一
don't have to
意思是
“不必”,相当于
needn't
。
例如:
You mustn't be late again next time.
次你决不能再迟到。
You
don't have to go there today.
You can go there tomorrow.
你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。
5.
hear sb. or sth. / herar
sb. or sth. do sth.
hear sb.
or sth.
意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事” ,而
hear sb. or sth. do sth.
意思“听到
13
某
人或某物做过某事” 。试比较:
I
hear him singing an English song.
听见他在唱英歌曲。
I heard
him sing an English song.
我听见他唱一首英文歌。
类似
hear
这种用法的还有
see,
watch, listen, feel
等感官动词。
6.
any /some
any
和
some
都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用,但
some
一般用在肯定句中;
any
用在疑
问句和否定句中。
试比较:
I want some
money.
我想要点钱。
Have you any money?
你有钱吗?
I
don't
have any money.
我一点钱也没有。
some
有时也用于疑问句,表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”
。例如:
Would you like some
more beer?
请你再来点啤酒好吗?
Could I have some rice, please?
请给我来点米饭好吗?
7.
hear /listen to
listen to
和
hear
都有“听”的意思,但含义有所不同。
Listen to
强调“听”的动作,
hear
强调“听”
的结果。例如:
Listen to me ,please! I'm going to tell
you a story.
请听我说!我给你们讲个故事。
Listen! Can you hear someone crying in
the next room?
I listened, but heard
nothing.
我听了听,但什么也听不见。
hear
后面如果接宾语从句,常常表示“听说”
。例如:
I hear some foreign
students will visit our school.
我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。
I hear there is going to be a film in
our school this evening.
我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。
8.
Let's
?
/Let us
?
Let's
?
和
Let us
?
< br>都表示“让我们
?
?
”
,
如果
us
包括听话人在内,其含义相同,附带问句用
shall
we.
如果
us
不包括听话人在内,
其含义不同,
Let us
?
的附带问句要用
will you
。例如:
Let's go
shopping, shall we?
我们去购物好吗?
9.
take/ bring/ carry /get
听!你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗?
这四个动词都有
“拿” 和“带”
的意思,
但含义有所不同。
take
意为“带走”,“拿走”,
bring
意为
“带来”,
“拿来”
, get
表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来” ,
carry
不强调方向,
带有负重的
意思。
试比较:
My parents
often take me there on holidays.
我父母常常带我到那里去度假。
I'm going to take you to Beijing.
我准备带你去北京。
Bring
me a cup of tea, please.
请给我端杯茶来。
I'll
bring the book to you tomorrow.
明天我把那本书给你带来。
The
waiter carried the me to the table
服务员把肉送到桌上。
The
monkey carried the bag on her back.
猴子把那个包背在背上。
She
went back
to get her
handbag.
他折回去拿他的手提包。
Let me get the doctor.
让我去请医生吧。
10.
far away /faraway
(1)far away
是一个副词短语,意思是“很远”
。例如:
Some are far away. Some
are nearer.
有些离得很
远,有些离得近一些的。
The
village is far away from here.
那个村子离这儿很远。
(2)faraway
是一个形容词,意思是“遥远的”
,可以在句中作定语。例如:
He lives in
faraway mountain village.
他住在一个遥远的小山村。
11.
find / look for
find
和
look for
都有“找”的意思,但含义不同。
find
强调“找”的结果,而
look for
强调“找”的过
程。请看下列例句:
He is
looking for his bike.
他在找他的自行车。
I'm
looking for my watch, but
can't
find it.
我在找我的手表,但是找不到。
I
hope you will soon find your lost ring.
希望你尽快找到丢失
的
14
戒指。
另外,
find
还有“发现” ;“感到”等意思。例如:
I found a wallet in the desk.
我在课桌里发现了一
个钱
包。
I find this
book very interesting.
我觉得这本书很有意思。
12.
in front of /in the front of
In front of
表示在某物的前面,
不在某物的范围内。
In the
front of
表示在某物的前部,
在某物的范围
内。
试比较:
My seat is
in front of Mary's.
【考点扫描】
1.
be going to
的用法;
2.
形容词的比较级、最高级;
3.
形容词和副词的比较
4.
一般过去时
5.
本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;
6.
本单元学过的日常交际用语。
我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。
He
is sitting in the front of the car with the
driver.
他和司机坐在小车的前部。
【中考范例】
1.
(
2004
年烟台市中考试题
)
In the exam,
the
______
you are, the
______
mistakes
you'll make.
A. carefully,
little
more careful, fewer
D. more careful, less
B. more carefully, fewest C.
【解析】答案:
C
< br>。该题考查的是形容词和副词的比较以及他们的比较等级的用法。第一个空应填形容词
careful
的比较级,因为它在句中作表语,第二个空应填
few
的比较级,因为它修饰的是复数可数名词。
2.
(
2004
年河北省中考试题
)
Bob never does
his homework
_
_______
Mary. He makes lots of
mistakes.
A. so careful
B. as carefully as C. carefully D. as
careful as
【解析】答案:
B
< br>。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法比较。该空应填副词,因为它修饰的是动词
does
。
该题用的是
not as+
副词
+as
的结构,所以答案应是
B
。
3.
(
2004
年重庆市中考试题
)
That day I saw
some parents
_
_______
at the back of the classroom,
_
__ to the
teacher.
A. sitting,
listened
B. sat, listened C. sitting,
listening D. sat, listening
【解析】答案:
C
。该题考查的是
see sb. doing sth.
的句型结构和分词作状语的用法。第一个空
stting
在
句中作
saw
的宾语补足语,第二个空
listening
做伴随状语。
4.
(
2004
年杭州市中考试题
)
You
________
open the door
before the train gets into the station.
A. don't have to
B. mustn't
C. needn't D. may not
【解析】
答案
:B
。
该题考查的是几个情态动词否定式的用法区别。
don't
have to
和
needn't
的意思都是
“不
必”,
may not
的意思是“可以不” ,只有
mustn't
表示“不许”
,“禁止”。
15
初二年级(中)
【知识梳理】
I.
重点短语
1. give a concert
16
2.
fall down
3. go
on
4. at the end
of
5. go back
6. in ahurry
7.
write down
8. come
out
9. all the year
round
10. later
on
11. at times
12. ring sb. up
13. Happy New Year!
14. have a party
15. hold on
16.
hear from
17. be
ready
18. at the
moment
19. take
out
same as
21. turn over
22. get-together
23. put on
24.
take a seat
25. wait
for
26. get lost
27. just then
28.
first of all
29. go
wrong
30. make a
noise
31. get on
32. get off
33.
stand in line
34. at the
head of
35. laugh
at
36. throw
about
37. in fact
38. at midnight
39. enjoy oneself
40. have a headache
41. have a cough
42. fall asleep
43. again and again
44. look over
45.
take exercise
II.
重要句型
1. be good for sth.
2. I think
?
3. I hope
?
4. I love
?
5. I don't like
?
6. I'm sure
?
7. forget to do sth.
8. take a message for sb.
9. give sb. the message
10. help yourself to sth.
11. be famous for sth.
12. on one's way to
?
13. make one's
way to
?
14.
quarrel with sb.
15. agree
with sb.
16. stop sb. from
doing sth.
III.
交际用语
's the
weather like today?
's cold,
but quite suuny.
cold it is
today!
, but it'll be warmer
later on.
we make a
snowman?
. Come
on!
New Year!
I speak to Ann, please?
?
on,
please.
a lot for inviting
me to your
party.
. But I'm
afraid I may be a little
late.
I take a
message for you?
's OK. It
doesn't matter.
14.I'm very
sorry, but I can't come.
15.I'm sorry to hear that.
birthday!
you
like ...? Would you like
to
...?
you think ...? Yes, I think so. /
No, I don't
think so.
you
agree? Yes, I agree. / No,
really agree. I really can't
agree.
are a few / a lot of
... / on
it.
don'
t
17
do we. 22.I'm happy you like
it.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Which is
the way to ..., please?
Turn
right/left at the ... crossing.
Go on until you reach ...
How can I get to ...? Go down/up/along
this
will come, too.
(2)
wish
可以接
sb. to do
sth.
Do you wish me to come
back later?
4.
be
sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or
sth. (1)be sure to do sth.
39.
You mustn't eat anything
until you see the
road.
27.
What's the matter? 'll
take you half
doctor.
40.
41.
What's the trouble?
What's the matter with
an
hour to ... 'd better catch a bus.
may
be in ... Ah, so it is
31.
32.
You must be more
careful!
You mustn't cross
the road now. you
?
?
didn't feel like eating anything.
43.
44.
45.
46.
Nothing
serious.
Have/get a pain in
?
No
problem.
Take this medicine
three times a day.
want to
cross a street, you must wait for the
green light.
stand in line. must wait for
your
turn.
you don't go soon,
you'll be late.
37.I
don't feel very well.
IV.
重要语法
38.
My head hurts.
【名师讲解】
1.
一般过去时;
2.
反意疑问句的用法;
on
指在某物的表面上,和某物接触;
above
指在某物的
over
指在某物的正上方,
不和某物接触。
试比较:
3.
一般将来时;
1.
above/ over/ on
这三个介词都表示“在
p>
?
?
之
上”
,但含义不同。
上方,不和某物接触,
但
也不一定在某物的正上方;
is a book on the
desk.
课桌上有一本书
I raise
my right hand above my head.
我把右手高举过
4.
感叹句;
There is a
stone bridge over the river.
头
河面上有座石
2.
forget
to do
sth./forget doing sth.
forget to do sth.
意思是
I forgot to tell him the
news.
,实际上还没做;
5.
简单句的五种基本句型;
6.
情态动词
can, may
和
must, have to
的
,实
“忘记做某事”
际上已经做过
了。试比较:
I
forgot
telling him
the news.
类似
我已经把这条消息告诉他了,我却忘了
用法;
等。
remember,
regret
在汉语中都有“希望”的意思,但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别
p>
如下:
hope
只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如:
的词还有:
3.
hope/wish
hope
和
wish
(1)
我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。
我希望你能很快好起来。
wish
可以用来表示不
我希望他也能来。
可实现的愿望
I wish I
were
20 years younger. I hope
的结构,而
hope
不可以。例如:
你是否希望我再来?
7.
时间状语从句和条件状语从句。
you'll be better soon. I wish the
weather wasn't
so cold. I hope he
可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求,意思是“务必”
,也可以用来表示说话人做
出
18
forget doing sth,
意思是“忘记做过某事”
我忘
记告诉他这条消息了。
19
的推断,意思是“一定”
,“肯定”。例如:
Be sure to lock
the door when you leave.
你离开时务必把门锁好。
It's
a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.
这是一部好电影,你肯定会喜欢的。
(2)be sure of/about sth.
可用来表示“某人对某事有把握” 。例如:
I'm sure of his success.
我相信他会成功。
I think
it was three years ago, but I'm not sure about it.
我想那是三年前的事情,但我没有把握。
5.
hear from/hear
of
hear
意思是“听到”
,从哪里听到要用
from
来表示。例如:
I've
heard from Xiao Wu that we'll start out military
training tomorrow.
我听小吴说,我们明天开始
军训。
Listen to the
tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.
到的内容。
听录音,并写出你从韩梅那里听
hear from
还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信” (
=receive a letter from sb.
I
heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month.
I heard from her last week.
我上周接到了她的来信。
)
。例如:
上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。
hear of
和和
hear from
含义不同。
hear of
意思是“听说”
,“得知”(某事或某人的存在
)
,常用在疑问
句和否定句里。
例如:
Who is he?
I've never heard of him.
他是谁?我从来没有听说过他。
I
never
heard of such a thing!
这样的事我从来没有听说过。
6.
It's a pleasure./With
pleasure.
It's a pleasure
这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语,意思是“那是我乐意做的”
。例如:
---Thank you for
helping me.
谢谢你地帮助。
---It's a pleasure.
那是我乐意做的。
---Thanks a lot. Bye.
非常感谢。
再见。
---It's a
pleasure.
那是我乐意做的。再见。
类似的话还有
“
Not at all.
”
“
You are welcome.
” “
That's all right.
”
With pleasure
也用作客气的答语,
主要
用在别人要你做某事,
而你又非常愿意去做的场合。
例如:
---Will you please pass
me the newspaper,
please?
---With pleasure.
当然可以。
7.
seem/look
(1)
二者都可以作
“看起来”
讲,但
seem
暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断,
这种判断往往接近事
请你把报纸递给我好吗?
实;
look
着重强调由视觉得出的印象。
两者都可跟
(to be)+
形容词和
as if
从句。如:
He seems / looks
(to be) very happy today.
他今天看起来很高兴。
It
looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain.
(2)
但下列情况中只用
seem
不用
look
:
1)
后跟不定式
to do
时。如:
He seems to know the answer.
他似乎知道答案。
2)
在
It seems that
...
结构中。如:
It
seems that he is happier now than yesterday.
好像要下雨了。
他像比昨天高兴
些
了。
8.
be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready
to do/get ready for
(1)be
ready to do
和
be
ready for
?
表示“已作好
?
的准备” ,强调状态
(2)get ready to do
和
get ready for <
/p>
?
表示“为
?
做
准备” ,强调行为。如:
I'm ready to do
anything you want me to do.
我愿意
/
随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。
20
I'm ready for any questions you may
ask.
我愿意
/
随时准备回答你可能问的问题。
He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.
他正准备动身去东京。
Let's
get ready for the hard moment.
我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。
(3)
ready to do
表示
be ready to do
通常可理解“乐于做某事” ,即思想上总是有做某事的准备。
be not
“不轻易做某事”
。如:
He's usually not ready
to listen to others.
9.
at
table/at the table
他通常不轻易听从别人。
at
table
在吃饭,
at the
table
在桌子旁边。例如:
The Greens are at table.
格林一家人在吃饭。
Mr.
Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.
布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。
10.
reach, arrive/get to
三者都有
到达
之意。
reach
是及物动词,后直接加名词,
get
和
arrive
是不及
物动词,不能直接加名词,
须借助于介词。
get to
后加名词地点,若跟副词地点时,
to
去掉;
arrive at
+
小地方,
arrive in+
大地方。
如:
Lucy got to
the zoo before 8 o'clock.
露西
8
点前到了动物园。
When did your parents arrive in
Shanghai?
你父母何时到上海的?
It was late when I got home.
我到家时
天色已晚。
11.
sick/ill
二者都是形容词。当“生病的,患病“之意时,
ill
只作表语,不作定语;而
sick
既可作表
语也可作定语。
sick
有
呕吐,恶心
的意思,只能作表语,而
ill
无此意。如:
Li Lei was ill last week.
(
只作表语
)
李磊上周生病了。
He's a
sick man.
(作定语)他是病人。不能
说成:
He's an ill grandfather was sick for a
month last year.
(作表语)我祖父去年病了一个
月。
12.
in time/on time in time
是
及时
的意思,
on time
是
准时,按时
。如:
I
didn't get to the bus
stop in time.
我没有及
时赶上汽车。
We'll
finish our job on time.
我们要按时完成任务。
13.
may be/maybe
It
may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in
your inside pocket.
也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句
中
may be
是情态动词
+be
动词构成的谓语部分,意思是
也许是
p>
,
可能是
;第二句中的
maybe
是副
词,意思是
可能
,常位于句首,不能位于句中,相当于另一副词
perhaps
。再如:
Maybe you
put it in
that bag.
也许你放在了那只包里。
(不能说
You maybe
put it in that bag.
)
It may be a hat.
那可能是
顶帽子。
(不能说
It maybe a
hat.
或
It maybe
is a hat.
)
14.
noise/ voice/ sound noise
指嘈杂声,噪音大的吵杂声。
voice
是指说话的声音,嗓音,嗓子。
sound
是指耳朵能够听到的声
音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如:
Don't make so much noise!
别那么大声喧哗!
I didn't
recognize John's voice on the telephone.
在电话里我听不出约翰的声音。
我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。
He
spoke in a low voice.
他低声说话。
We heard a strange sound.
Sound travels fast, but light travels
faster.
声音传得快,但是光传得更快。
21
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在:
1.
一般过去时;
2.
反意疑问句的用法;
3.
一般将来时;
4.
感叹句;
5.
简单句的五种基本句型;
6.
情态动词
can, may
和
must, have to
的用法;
7.
时间状语从句和条件状语从句;
8.
本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;
9.
本单元学过的日常交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型天空、短文填空和完成句子。
【中考范例】
1.
(
2004
年长沙市中考试题
)
---Do you know
if we will go to the cinema tomorrow?
---I think we'll go if we
_
too much homework.
A. will
have B. had C. won't have D. don't have
【解析】答案:
D
。该题考查的是条件状语从句的时态。在条件和时间状语从句里通常用一般现在是表示
< br>
将
来的动作。
2.
(
2004
年佛山市中考试题
)
You have been
to Tibet,
___ ? I was told that the
snow-covered mountains were very
beautiful.
A. have you
B. haven't you C. don't you
【解析】答案:
B
< br>。该题考查的是反意疑问句的构成。反意疑问句的前一部分是肯定句,后一部分就应该是
< br>
否定的疑问部分,而且要和前一部分保持时态上的一致。
3.
(
2004
年扬州市中考试题
)
---Jacky, look
at that Japanese sumoist
(
相扑手
)
.
---Wow,
___________
!
A. How a fat
man
B. What a fat man
C. How
fat man
D. What fat man
【解析】答案:
B
< br>。该题考查的是感叹句的构成。这个感叹句省略了主谓部分,只保留了感叹部分。如果以
< br>
What
开头,就应该是
What a fat man!
如果是
How
开头,就应该是
How
fat!
4.
(
2004
年福建省泉州市中考试题
)
---Thanks for
your help. --- ______________
A. It doesn't matter
B.
Don't thank me C. You're welcome D. That's
right
You're
【解析】答案:
C
< br>。该题考查的是日常交际用语。回答别人的道谢通常用“
That's all right.
”
或”
welcome.
”
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