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初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习
初一年级(上)
【知识梳理】
I.
重点短语
1. Sit down
2. on duty
3. in English
4. have a seat
5. at home
6. look like
7. look at
8. have a look
9. come on
10. at work
11. at school
12. put on
13. look after
14. get up
15. go shopping
II.
重要句型
1. help sb. do sth.
2. What about
…
?
3. Let's do sth.
4. It's
time to do sth.
5. It's time for
…
6.
What's
…
? It
is
…
/
It's
…
7. Where
is
…
?
It's
…
.
8. How old
are you? I'm
…
.
9.
What class are you in?
I'm
in
…
.
10. Welcome
to
…
.
【名师讲解】
/on
在表示空间位臵时,
in
表示在某个空间的范围
以内,
on
表示在某一个物体的表面之上。
例如:
There is a bird in the
tree.
树上有只鸟。
There is a
picture on the wall.
墙上有张图。
2. this/that/these/those
(1)
this
常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,
t
hese
是
this
的复数形式。
p>
that
常常用来指
在时间、地点上离讲话
人更远一点的人和事,
those
时
t
hat
的复数形式。例如:
You
look
in
this
box
and
I'll look
in that one over
there.
你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒子。
11. What's
…
plus<
/p>
…
?
It's
…
.
12. I
think
…
13. Who's
this? This is
…
.
14. What can you
see
?
I can
see
…
.
15. There
is (are)
…
.
16.
What
color
is
it
(are
they)?
It's
(They're)
…
17. Whose
…
is
this? It's
…
.
18.
What time is it? It's
…
.
III.
交际用语
1. Good morning,
Miss/Mr
…
.
2.
Hello! Hi!
3. Nice to meet you. Nice to
meet you, too.
4.
How
are
you?
I'm
fine,
thank
you/thanks.
And
you?
5. See you. See you
later.
6. Thank you! You're welcome.
7. Goodbye! Bye!
8. What's
your name? My name is
…
.
9. Here you are. This way, please.
10. Who's on duty today?
11.
Let's do.
12. Let me see.
IV.
重要语法
1.
动词
be
的用法;
2.
人称代词和物主代词的用法;
3.
名词的单复数和所有格的用法;
4.
冠词的基本用法;
5. There
be
句型的用法。
1
I want this
car, not that car.
我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆。
Take these books to his room, please.
请把这些书拿到他房间去。
This
is mine; that's yours.
这个是我的,那个是你的。
These are apples; those are oranges.
这些是苹果,那些是橘子。
(2)<
/p>
在打电话的用语中,
this
常常指的是
我,
that
常常指的是对方。例如:
This is Mary speaking. Who's that?
我是玛丽。你是谁?
3.
There be/ have
There be
有
,其确切含意为
某处
或某时存在某人或某物。
其结构是:
T
here be +
某人或某物
+
表示
地点或时间的状语。
There
be
后面的名词实际上是主语,
be
动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致,
be
动
词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用
is
,
名词是复数时用
are
。
例如:
(1)
There
is
a
big
bottle
of
coke
on the
table.
桌上有一大瓶子可乐。
(2) There is a doll in the box.
那个盒子里有个娃娃。
(3)
There are many apples on the tree.
那树上有许多苹果。
总之,
There
be
结构强调的是一种客观存在的
有
。
have
表示
< br>
拥有,占有,具有
,即:某人有
某物
(sb.
have / has sth.)
。主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系。例如:
(4) I have two brothers and one
sister.
我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。
(5) That house has four
rooms.
那所房子有四个房间。
4. look/ see/ watch
(1)look
表示“看、瞧”
,着重指认真看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地
注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒对
方注意。
,如:
Look! The children are playing
computer games.
瞧!孩子们在玩电脑游戏。
Look! What's that over there?
看!那边那个是什么?
单独使用是不
及物动词,如强调看某人
/
物,其后接介词
at
,才能带宾语,如:
He's looking at
me
。他正在看着我。
(2)see
强调“看”的结果,着重的是
look
这个动作的结果,意思是“看到”
,
see
是及物动词,后面能直
接跟宾语。如:
What can you see in the picture?
你能在图上看到什么?
Look
at the blackboard. What did you see on
it?
看黑板!你看到了什么?
(3
)watch
“观看,注视”
,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观
看、观察或注视某事务的活动,强调过程,常用
于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如:
Yesterday we watched a
football match on
TV.
昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。
4. put on/ / in
put on
意为“穿上,戴上”
。主要指“穿上”这一动作
,
后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。
in
是介词,表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如:
It's cold outside, put on your
coat.
外面冷,穿上你的外衣。
He puts on his hat and goes out.
他戴上帽子,走了出去。
The
woman in a white blouse is John's mother.
穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是
John
的妈妈。
5. house/ home/family
house
:
“房子”
,指居住的建筑物
; Home:
“家”
,指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方
; Family:
“家
庭“,
“家庭成员”
。例如:
Please come to my house this
afternoon.
今天下午请到我家来。
He is not at home.
他不在家。
My family all get up
early.
我们全家都起得很早。
6. fine, nice, good, well
四者
都可用作形容词表示
好
之意,
但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,
而后者仅用作
表语。主要区别在于:
(1) fine
指物时表示的是质量上的
精细
p>
,形容人时表示的是
身体健康
,也
可以用来指
天气晴朗
。
2
例如:
Your parents are very
fine.
你父母身体很健康。
That's a fine
machine.
那是一台很好的机器
It's a fine
day for a walk
today.
今天是散步的好时候。
(2)nice
主要侧重于人或物的外表,有
< br>美好
,
漂亮
的意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人。
例如:
Lucy looks nice.
露西看上去很漂亮。
These coats are
very nice.
那些裙子很好看。
Nice to meet you.
见到你很高兴。
It's very nice of
you.
你真好。
(3)good
形容人时指
品德好
,
形容物时指
质量好
,
是表示人或物各方面都好
的普通用语。
例如:
Her
son
is a good student.
她儿子是一个好学生。
The
red car is very good.
那辆红色小汽车很好。
(4)wel
l
只可用来形容人的
身体好
,但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动词之后。
p>
例如:
I'm very well, thanks.
我身体很好,谢谢。
My
friends sing well.
我的朋友们歌唱得好。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在:
1.
动词
be
的用法;
2.
人称代词和物主代词的用法;
3.
名词的单复数和所有格的用法;
4.
冠词的基本用法;
5. There
be
句型的用法。
6.
本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;
7.
本单元学过的日常交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。
【中考范例】
1. (2004
年北京市中考试题
)
Mary, please show ________ your
picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me
【解析】答案:
D
。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法
。本题中动词
show
后面跟双宾语,空白处应
填入人称代词的宾格
me
作宾语。
2.
(2004
年上海市徐汇区中考试题
)
_________ orange on the desk is for
you, Mike. A. A C. / D. The
【解析】
答案:
D
。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的
那个橘子,所以用定冠词
the
。
3.
(2004
年哈尔滨市中考试题
)
---What _______ the number of the girls in your
class? ---About twenty.
A. is B.
am C. are D. be
【解析】答案:
A
p>
。该题考查的是动词
be
的用法和主谓一致
。
the number
作主语,应该是单数第三人称,
动词
be
变为
is<
/p>
。
4.
(2004
年陕西省中考试题
)
There _______ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be C.
has D. is going to have
【解析】答案:
B
。该题考查的是
There
be
…句型和动词
have
用法区别
。
There
be
句型本身就表示“
在某
个地方存在某个人或物”
,不能和动词
have
混在一起用。
3
初一年级(下)
【知识梳理】
I.
重点短语
1. a bottle of
2. a little
3. a lot (of)
4. all day
5. be from
6. be over
7. come back
8. come from
9. do one's homework
10. do
the shopping
11. get down
12. get home
13. get to
14. get up
15. go shopping
16. have a drink of
17. have
a look
18. have breakfast
19. have lunch
20. have
supper
21. listen to
22.
not
…
at all
23.
put
…
away
24. take
off
25. throw it like that
26. would like
27. in the
middle of the day
28. in the morning /
afternoon/ evening
29. on a farm
30. in a factory
II.
重要句型
1. Let sb. do sth.
2. Could sb. do sth.?
3.
would like sth.
4. would like to do
sth.
5. What about something to eat?
6. How do you spell
…
?
7. May I
borrow
…
?
III.
交际用语
1.
—
Thanks very
much!
—
You're welcome.
2. Put it/them away.
3.
What's wrong?
4. I think so. I don't
think so.
5. I
want to take
some books
to the classroom.
6. Give me a bottle of orange juice,
please.
Please give it / them back
tomorrow. OK.
9. What's your favourite
sport?
10. Don't worry.
11.I'm (not) good at basketball.
12. Do you want a go?
13.
That's
right./
That's
all
right./
All
right.
14.
Do
you
have
a
dictionary
/
any
dictionaries?
Yes, I do. /
No, I don't.
15. We / They have some
CDs.
We / They don't have any CDs.
16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow?
---It's Monday.
17. ---May I
borrow your colour pens, please?
---Certainly. Here you are.
18.
---Where are you from?
---From Beijing.
19. What's your telephone number in New
York?
20. ---Do you like hot dogs?
---Yes,
I
do.
(
A
little.
/
A
lot.
/
Very
much.)
---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at
all.)
21. ---What does your mother
like?
---She
likes
dumplings
and
vegetables
very
much.
22. ---When do you go
to school every day?
---I go to school
at 7:00 every day.
23.
---What
time
does
he
go
to
bed
in
the
evening?
---He goes to bed
at 10:00.
IV.
重要语法
4
1.
人称代词的用法;
2.
祈使句;
3.
现在进行时的构成和用法;
【名师讲解】
1. That's right./ That's all right./
All right.
4
.动词
ha
ve
的用法;
5
.一般现在时构成和用法;
6
.可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法
That's
right
意为“对的
”
,表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为,肯定对方的答案或判断。例如:
think
we must help the
old man.
我想我们应该帮助这位老人。
或
说得对
。
That's all right.
意为“不用谢”
、
“没关系”
,用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例
如:
All right.
意为“行了”
、
“可以”
,表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”
请把此事告诉我。
好吧。
Is your mother all
right?
你妈身体好吗
2.
make/do
这两个词都可以解释为“做”
,但含义却不同
,不能混用。
make
指做东西或制东西,
do
指做一件具体的事。
Can you make a
paper boat for me?
你能为我做个纸船吗?
He's
doing his homework
now.
他正在做他的作业。
3.
say/speak/talk/tell
say
:是最口语
化的最普通的一个词,意为“说出”
、
“说道”
,着重所说的话。如:
“
I
want
to
go
there
by
bus
”
,
he
said
.
他说,
“我要坐汽车到那里去。
”
Please
say
it
in
English
.
请用英语说。
speak
:
“说话”
,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词
(
即后面不能直接接宾语
)
。
如:
Can you speak
about him?
你能不能说说他的情况?
I
don't like to speak like this.
我不喜欢
这样说话。
speak
作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在
对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。
如:
She speaks English
well.
她英语说得好。
talk
:
与
speak
意义相近,
也着重说话的动作,
而不着重所说的话,<
/p>
因此,
一般也只用作不及物动词,
不
过,
talk
暗示话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话。如:
I
would
like
to
talk
to him about it .
我想跟他谈那件事。
Old women like to
talk with children.
老年妇女喜欢和孩子们
交谈。
tell :
“告诉”<
/p>
,
除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语。如:
He's telling me a story.
他在给我讲故事。
tell a lie
撒谎
tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth
如:
.Miss Zhao often tells us
to
study hard.
4. do
cooking/ do the cooking
do cooking
作“做饭”解,属泛指。
do the cooking
p>
特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。
cooking
为动名词,
不能用作复数,
但前面可用
some,
much
修饰。
从
do
some
cooking
p>
可引出许多类似的短语:
do
some
washing
洗些衣服
do
some shopping
买些东西
do some
reading
读书
do some writing
写些东西
do some fishing
钓鱼
从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用
some,
much
或定冠词。
go
shopping
去买东西
go fishing
去钓鱼
go boating
去划船
go swimming
去游泳
5. like doing
sth./ like to do sth.
like doing sth.
与
like to do sth.
意思相同,但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的
5
习惯性和经常性;后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如:
He likes playing football, but he
doesn't like to play football with Li Ming.
他喜欢踢足球,但
是他不喜欢和李明踢。
6. other/ others/ the other/ another
p>
other
表其余的,别的,如:
Have
you any other
questions?
你还有其他问题吗
?
others
别的人,别的东西
.<
/p>
如:
In the room some people are
American, the others are French.
在屋
子里一些人是美国人
,
其他的是法国人。
the
other
表另一个(二者之中)
one
…,
th
e other
…如:
One of
my
two
brothers
studies
English, the
other studies Chinese.
我两个哥哥中
的一个学习英文
,
另一个学中文。
<
/p>
another
表三者以上的另一个,另一些如:
There is room for another few books on the
shelf.
书架上
还可以放点书。
7. in the tree/ on the tree
in the tree
与
on
the tree.
译成中文均为
在树
上
但英语中有区别。
in the t
ree
表示某人、某事(不
属于树本身生长出的别的东西)落在
树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时,要使用
on the
tree.
如:
There are some apples
on the tree.
那棵树上有些苹果。
There
is a bird in the tree.
那棵树
上有只鸟。
8. some/ any
some
和
any
< br>既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。
(1)some
常用于肯定句中,
any
常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:
There
is some water in the glass. Is there any water in
the glass? There isn't any water in the
glass.
(2)
在说话者希望得
到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示请求,邀请的疑问句中,我们依然用
some
p>
。如:
Would you like some tea?
9. tall/ high
(1)
说人,
动物,
树木等有生命的东西,
主要用
tall
,
不用
high
,
例如
a
tall
woman
一个高个子妇女
a
tall
horse
一个高大的马
(2)
说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用
high
,而不用
tall
,比如
人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时,
例如:
He is
high up in the tree.
他高高地爬在树上。
The plane is so
high in the sky.
飞机在
空中这么高。
(3)
指建筑物、山时要
tall
< br>或
high
都可以,不过
hig
h
的程度比
tall
高。
(4)high
可作副词,
tall
不能。
(5)tal
l
的反义词为
short,
high
的反义词为
low.
10.
can/ could
(1) can
表示体力和脑力方面的
能力,或根据客观条件能做某种动作的
能力
。例如:
Can you
ride a bike?
你会骑自行车吗
?What can
I do for you
?要帮忙吗?
Can you
make a
cake
?你会
做蛋糕吗?
(2) can
用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的
p>
怀疑
猜测
或不肯定。例如:
Where can he
be
?他会在什么地方呢?
Can the news be
true
?这个消息会是真的吗?
It surely can't be six o'clock
already
?不可能已经六点钟了吧?
You can't be hungry so soon
,
Tom
,
you've just
had lunch.
汤姆,你不可能饿得这么快,你刚吃过午
饭。
What can he
mean
?他会是什么意思?
在日常
会话中,
can
可代替
may
表示
允许
,
may
比较正式。例如:
You can come in any
time.
你随时都
可以来。
6
---
Can I use your
pen
?我能用你的钢笔吗?
--- Of
course
,
you
can.
当然可以。
You can
have my seat
,
I'm going
now.
我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。
(3) could
could
是
can
的过去式,表示过去有过的
能力和可能性(在否定和疑问句中)
。例如:
The doctor said he could help
him.
(能力)医生说他能帮助他。
Lily could swim when she was four years
old.
(能力)当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。
At that time we thought the story could
be true.
(可能性)那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。
could
可代替
can
表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为婉转。例如:
Could I speak to John
,
please
?我能和约翰说话吗?
Could
you
?在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如:
Could
you wait half an
hour
?请你等半个小时好吗?
Could you
please ring again at
six
?六点钟请你再打电话好吗?
(4) can
的形式
只有现在式
can
和过去式
could
两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来。所
p>
有其他时态(包括将来时)须用
be able
to
加动词不定式来表示。
例如:
They have not been able
to come to
Beijing.
他们没有能到北京来。
11. look for/ find
look
for
意为“寻找”
,而
find
意为“找到,发现”
,前者强调“找”这
一动作,并不注重“找”的结果,
而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如:
< br>She can't find her ruler.
她找不到她的尺子啦。
Tom is
looking for his watch
,
but he
can't find
it.
汤姆正在寻找他的手表,但没能找到。
12. be sleeping/ be asleep
be sleeping
表示动作,意思是“正在睡觉”
;
be
asleep
表示状态,意思是“睡着了”
。
如:
---What are the children
doing in the room?
孩子们在房间里做什么?
---They are
sleeping.
他们正在睡觉。
The children are asleep
now.
现在孩子们睡着了。
13.
often/ usually/sometimes
often
< br>表示
经常
,
sometimes
表示
有时候
,在表示发生频率上
often
要高于
usually
,
usually
要高于
someti
mes
。这三个词表示的是经常性,一般性的动作或情况,常与一般现在时连用,常位于
主要谓语动词
的前面,其他谓语动词(
be
动词,情态动词和助动词)的后面,有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气,则
放在句
首。
We usually play
basketball after
school.
我们通常放学后打篮球。
Sometimes
I go to bed
early.
有
时,我睡觉很早。
He often reads English in the
morning.
他经常在早晨读英语。
14. How much/ How many
how
much
常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是
How
much is / are
…
?
How much is the skirt?
这条裙子多少钱?
How much are the
bananas?
这些香蕉多少钱?
how
much
后加不可数名词,表示数量,意为“多少“,
how
many
后加可数名词的复数形式。
How much meat do you want?
你要多少肉呀?
How many students are
there in your class?
你们班
有多少人?
15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at
be good for
表示
对……有好处
,而
b
e bad for
表示
对……有害<
/p>
;
be good to
表示
对……友好
,
而
be bad to
表
示
对……不好
;
be good at
表示
擅长,在……方面做得好
,而
< br>be bad at
表示
在……
方面做得不好
。
如:
Doing eye exercises is
good for your
eyes.
做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
Eating too much is bad for you
health.
吃的太多对你的身体有害。
7
Miss Li is good to all of
us.
李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。
The boss is bad to his
workers.
这个老板对他的工人不好。
Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm
bad at it.
李雷擅长画画,但是我不擅长。
16. each/ every
each
和
every
都有
每一个
的意思,
但含义和
用法不相同。
each
从个体着眼,
e
very
从整体着眼。
each
可<
/p>
用于两者或两者以上,
every
只用于
三者或三者以上。
如:
We
each have a new
book.
我们每人各有一本新书。
There are
trees on each side of the
street.
街的两旁有树。
He gets up early every
morning.
每天早晨他都起得早。
each
可以用作形容词、副词和代词;
every
只能用作形容词。如:
Each of them has his
own duty.
他们
各人有各人的义务。
< br>They each want to do something different.
他们每个人都想做不同的事情。
17.
一般现在时
/
现在进行时
一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作
或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能力,还有自然现象;而现在进
行时表示正在进行或发生
的动作(构成方式为
am/is
/are/+doing
)
。
I do my homework in the
evening.
我在晚上做作业。
I'm doing my
homework now.
我现在正在做作业。
现在进行时常与
now, these days, at
the moment
或
Look,
listen
等词连用;而一般现在时常与
often,
always, sometimes, usually, every day,
in the morning, on
Mondays
等连用。
We
often clean the classroom after
school.
我们经常放学后打扫教室。
Look! They are cleaning the classroom
.
看!他们正在打扫教室呢。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在:
1<
/p>
.动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法,人称代词的用法,可数名词和不可数名词的构成和
用法。
2
.本册书中常见的交际用语
3
.本册书中一些重点的词组和短语
考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。
【中考范例】
1.
< br>(
2004
年安徽省中考试题)
---Hurry up! We're all waiting for
you.
---I ________ for an important
phone call. Go without me.
A. wait
B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited
【解析】答案:
C
。表示现在正在进行的动作,用现在进行时。
2.
(2004
年长春市中考试题
)
Could you help ___ with ____ English, please?A. I,
my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I
p>
【解析】答案:
C
。第一个空作宾语,应用
人称代词的宾格
me,
第二个空作定语,应用形容词性物主代
词
my
。
3.(2004
年长春市中考试题
)
Dr. White can _______ French very well.
A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell
【解析】
答案:
A
。说什麽语言常用动词
spe
ak
。
4.
(
2004
年黄冈中考试题)
English is spoken by __people. A. a lot
B. much many C. a large number of D. a great deal
of
【解析】答案:
C
。只有
a large number of
能用来修饰复数可数名词
p>
people
。
4. he, say, Beijing, big, beautiful,
like, work, here
8
初二年级(上)
【知识梳理】
I.
重点短语
1. on time
2. best wishes
3. give a
talk
4. for example
5.
short for
6. a waste of time
7. go on a field trip
8. go
fishing
9. I agree
10. next
week
11. the day after tomorrow
12. have a picnic
13. have
some problems doing sth.
14. go the
wrong way
15. hurry up
16.
get together
17. in the open air
18. on Mid-Autumn Day
19.
come over
20. have to
21.
get home
22. agree with
23. in the country
24. in
town
25. all the same
26.
in front of
27. on the left/right side
28. next to
29. up and down
30. keep healthy
31. grow up
32. at the same time
33. the
day before yesterday
35. last Saturday
36. half an hour ago
37. a
moment ago
38. just now
39.
by the way
40. all the time
41. at first
II.
重要句型
1. have fun doing sth.
2. Why don't
you
…
?
3. We're
going to do sth.
4. start with sth.
5. Why not
…
?
6. Are you going
to
…
?
7. be
friendly to sb.
8. You'd better do sth.
9. ask sb. for sth.
10. say
goodbye to sb.
11. Good luck(with sb)!
III.
交际用语
e back to school!
me. I'm
sorry I'm late, because the
traffic is
bad.
doesn't matter.
Teachers' Day !
's a good idea.
are you going to
do
?
are we going
?
are we going to do ?
9.I'm good at
…
's not far from
…
11. Are you free tomorrow evening?
you and Lily like to come over to my
home for Mid-Autumn Festival?
13.I'm glad you can come.
for asking us.
about another one?
I have a taste?
me walk
with you.
do you have to do?
you live on a farm?
do you
like better, the city or the
country?
do
you
like
best,
dogs,
cats
or
chickens?
9
we go at ten?
Good idea!
23.---Let's make it half
past one. ---OK.
24.---Why not come a
little earlier? ---All
right.
me.
Where's
the
nearest
post
office,
please?
's over there on the right.
27.I'm sorry I don't know.
'd better
…
you all the same.
bus do I
take?
along this road.
【名师讲解】
1. on the
street / in the street
day was it
yesterday?
33.I'm sorry to hear that.
34.I hope you're better now.
did you call me?
36.I
called to tell
…
IV.
重要语法
going to
的用法;
2.
形容词的比较级、最高级;
3.
形容词和副词的比较
4.
一般过去时
表示“在街上”时,
on the street
和
in the street
都可以,在美国多用
on the street,
在英国多用
in
the
street.
例如:
We
have
a
house
in
the
street.
我们在街上有座房子。
I
met
him
on
the
street.
我在街上遇见了他。
2. would like / like
would
like
和
like
含义不同。
like
意思是
“喜欢”
,
“爱好”
,而
would like
意思是“想要”
。试比较:
I like beer.=I'm fond of beer.
我喜欢喝啤酒。
I'd like a glass of
beer= I want a glass of beer.
我想要一杯啤酒。
Do you like going to
the cinema?
你喜欢看电影吗?
Would
you like to go to the
cinema tonight?
你今晚想去看电影吗?
3.
another / the other
(1)another
通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或
物体。
例如:
May I have
another apple, please?
请在给我一个苹果好吗?
This
coat is too small for me. Please show me
another
这件外套我穿太小,请再给我拿一件看看。
(2)the other
通常指两者中的另一个。例如:
He
has two
rulers.
One is
short. The other
is long.
他有两把尺子,一把短的,另一把长的。
I have
two brothers. One works in Xi'an . The
other works in Beijing.
我有两个兄弟,一个在西安工作,
另一个在北京工作。
4. have
to /must
(1)have
to
和
must
都可以用来谈论义
务,但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时,
常用
< br>must
。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务,常用
ha
ve
to
。例如:
I
must
stop
smoking.
我必须戒烟。
(自己想戒烟)
They
have to work for the boss.
他们不得不为那个老板工作。
(条件逼得他们去工作)
(2)have to
可用于多种时态,
must
只能用于一般现在时。例如:
I'll
have
to
get
up
early
tomorrow
morning.
明天早晨我必须早早起床。
We
had
to
work
long
hours
every
day
in order to get more
money.
为了多挣钱,我们不得不每天长时间地工作。
<
/p>
(3)
用于否定句时,
mustn't<
/p>
意思是
“决不能”
,
“禁止”
,
而
don't
have
to
意思是
“不必”
,
相当于
needn
't
。
例如:
You
mustn't
be
late
again
next
time.<
/p>
下一次你决不能再迟到。
You
don't
have
to
go
there
today.
You can go there
tomorrow.
你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。
5. hear sb. or sth. / herar sb. or
sth. do sth.
hear sb. or sth.
意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”
,而
hear sb.
or sth. do sth.
意思“听
到某人或某物做过某
事”
。试比较:
I hear him singing an
English song.
听见他在唱英歌曲。
I heard him sing an English
song.
我听见他唱一首英文歌。
10
类似
hear
这种用法的还有
see, watch, listen,
feel
等感官动词。
6. any
/some
any
和
some
p>
都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用,但
some
一般用在肯定句中;
any
用在疑问
句和否定句中。试比较:
I
want
some
money.
我想要点钱。
Have
you
any
money?
你有钱吗?
I
don't
have
any money.
我一点钱也没有。
some
有时也用于疑问句,表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”
。例如:
Would you like some
more beer?
请你再来点啤酒好吗?
Could I have some rice,
please?
请给我来点米饭好吗?
7. hear /listen to
listen
to
和
hear
都有“听”的意思,但含义有所不同。
Listen
to
强调“听”的动作,
hear <
/p>
强调“听”
的结果。例如:
Listen
to me ,please! I'm going to tell you a story.
请听我说!我给你们讲个故事。
Listen! Can you hear someone crying in
the next room?
听!你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗?
I listened, but heard
nothing.
我听了听,但什么也听不见。
hear
后面如果接宾语从句,常常表示“听说”
。例如:
I hear some
foreign students will visit our
school.
我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。
I hear there is going to be a film in
our school this
evening.
我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。
8. Let's
…
/Let
us
…
Let's
…
和
Let
us
…
都表示“让我们……”
,
如果
us
包括听话人在内,其含义相同,附带问句用
shall
we.
如果
us
< br>不包括听话人在内,
其含义不同,
Let
us
…的附带问句要用
will
p>
you
。
例如:
L
et's
go
shopping,
shall we?
我们去购物好吗?
9. take/
bring/ carry /get
这四个动词都有
“拿”
和
“带”
的意思,
但含义有所不同。
take
意为
“
带走”
,
“拿走”
,
< br>bring
意为
“带来”
,
p>
“拿来”
, get
表示“到别的地方把某
人或某物带来或拿来”
,
carry
不
强调方向,带有负重的意思。试比
较:
My parents often take me there on
holidays.
我父母常常带我到那里去度假。
I'm going to take you to
Beijing.
我准备带你去北京。
Bring me a
cup of tea,
please.
请给我端杯茶
来。
I'll
bring
the
book
to
you
tomorrow.
明天我把那本书给你带来。
T
he
waiter
carried
the
me
to
the
table
服务员把肉送到桌
上。
The monkey carried the bag on her
back.
猴子把那个包背在背上。
She went
back
to get her
handbag.
他折回去拿他的手提包。
Let me
get the doctor.
让我去请医生吧。
10. far away /faraway
(1)far
away
是一个副词短语,意思是“很远”
。例如:
Some are far away. Some are nearer.
有些离得
很远,有些离得近一些的。
The
village is far away from
here.
那个村子离这儿很远。
(
2)faraway
是一个形容词,意思是“遥远的”
,可以在
句中作定语。例如:
He lives in
faraway mountain
village.
他住在一个遥远的小山村。
11. find / look for
find
和
look for
都有“找”的意思,但含义不同。
find
强调“找”的结果,而
look for
强调“找”的
过程。请看下列例句:
He is
looking for his
bike.
他在找他的自行车。
I'm looking
for my watch, but
can't find
it.
我在找我的手表,但是找不到。
I hope you
will soon find your lost ring.
希望你尽快
找到丢失的戒指。
另外,
find
还有“发现”
;
“感到”
等意思。例如:
I found a wallet in the desk.
我在课桌里发现了一
个钱包。
I find this book very
interesting.
我觉得这本书很有意思。
12. in front of /in the front of
11
In
front of
表示在某物的前面,不在某物的范围内。
In the
front of
表示在某物的前部,在某物的范
围内。试比
较:
My seat is in front of
Mary's.
我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。
He is sitting in the front of the car
with the driver.
他和司机坐在小车的前部。
【考点扫描】
1. be going
to
的用法;
2.
形容词的比较级、最高级;
3.
形容词和副词的比较
4.
一般过去时
5.
本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;
6.
本单元学过的日常交际用语。
【中考范例】
1. (2004
年烟台市中考试题
)
In the exam, the ________ you are,
the ________ mistakes you'll make.
A.
carefully,
little B.
more
carefully,
fewest C.
more
careful,
fewer D.
more
careful,
less
【解析】答案:
C
。该题考查的是形容词和副词的比较以及他们的比较等级的用法。第一个空应填形容词
careful
的比较级,因为它在句中作表语,第二个空应填
few
的比较级,因为它修饰的是复数可数名词。
2. (2004
年河北省中考试题
)
Bob never does his homework _________
Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A.
so careful B. as carefully as C. carefully D.
as careful as
【解析】答案:
B
。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法比较。该空应填副词,因为它修饰的是动词
does
。
该题用的是
not as
+
副词
+as
的结构,所以答案应是<
/p>
B
。
3.
(2004
年重庆市中考试题
)
That day I saw some parents _________ at the back
of the classroom, ________ to the teacher.
A. sitting, listened B. sat,
listened C. sitting, listening D. sat, listening
【解析】答案:
C
。该题考查的是
p>
see sb. doing sth.
的句型结构和分词作状语的
用法。第一个空
stting
在句中作
saw
的宾语补足语,第二个空
listening
做伴随状语。
4.
(2004
年杭州市中考试题
)
You ________ open the door before the train gets
into the station.
A. don't have to
B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
【解析】
答案
:B
。该题考查的是几个情态动词否定式的用法区别。
p>
don't have to
和
needn
't
的意思都是
“不必”
,
may not
的意思是“可以不”
,只有
mustn't
表示“不许”
,
“禁止”
。
12
初二年级(中)
【知识梳理】
I.
重点短语
1. give a concert
2. fall
down
3. go on
4. at the end
of
5. go back
6. in ahurry
7. write down
8. come out
9. all the year round
10.
later on
11. at times
12. ring sb. up
13. Happy
New Year!
14. have a party
15. hold on
16. hear from
17. be ready
18. at the
moment
19. take out
same
as
21. turn over
22. get-
together
23. put on
24. take
a seat
25. wait for
26. get
lost
27. just then
28. first
of all
29. go wrong
30. make
a noise
31. get on
32. get
off
33. stand in line
34. at
the head of
35. laugh at
36.
throw about
37. in fact
38.
at midnight
39. enjoy oneself
40. have a headache
41. have a cough
42. fall
asleep
43. again and again
44. look over
45. take
exercise
II.
重要句型
1. be good for sth.
2. I
think
…
3. I
hope
…
4. I
love
…
5. I don't
like
…
6. I'm
sure
…
7. forget
to do sth.
8. take a message for sb.
9. give sb. the message
10.
help yourself to sth.
11. be famous for
sth.
12. on one's way
to
…
13. make
one's way to
…
14.
quarrel with sb.
15. agree with sb.
16. stop sb. from doing sth.
III.
交际用语
's the weather like today?
's cold, but quite suuny.
cold it is today!
, but it'll be warmer
later on.
we make a snowman?
. Come on!
New Year!
I speak to Ann,
please?
?
on,
please.
a
lot
for
inviting
me
to
your
party.
. But I'm afraid I may be a little
late.
I take a message for you?
's OK. It doesn't matter.
14.I'm very sorry, but I can't come.
13
15.I'm sorry
to hear that.
birthday!
you like ...? Would you like to ...?
you think ...? Yes, I think so. / No, I
don't think so.
you agree?
Yes, I agree. / No, don't
really agree.
I really can't agree.
are a few / a
lot of ... / on it.
do we.
22.I'm happy you like it.
is the way to ..., please?
right/left
at the ... crossing.
on until you
reach ...
can
I
get
to
...?
Go
down/up/along
this
road.
's the
matter?
'll take you half an hour to
...
'd better catch a bus.
may be in ... Ah, so it is
must be more careful!
mustn't cross
the road now.
you
want
to
cross
a
street,
you
must
wait
for the
green light.
stand in line.
【名师讲解】
1. above/ over/ on
must
wait for your turn.
you don't go soon,
you'll be late.
37.I don't feel very
well.
head hurts.
mustn't
eat anything until you see the
doctor.
's the trouble?
's the
matter with
…
?
didn't feel like eating anything.
g
serious.
/get a pain
in
…
problem.
this medicine three times a day.
IV.
重要语法
1.
一般过去时;
2.
反意疑问句的用法;
3.
一般将来时;
4.
感叹句;
5.
简单句的五种基本句型;
6.
情态动词
can,
may
和
must, have
to
的用法;
7.
时间状语从句和条件状语从句。
这三
个介词都表示“在……之上”
,但含义不同。
on
指在某物的表面上,和某物接触;
above
指在某
物的上
方,不和某物接触,但也不一定在某物的正上方;
ove
r
指在某物的正上方,不和某物接触。试比较:
There
is a book on the
desk.
课桌上有一本书。
I
raise my right hand above my head.
我把右手高举过头。
There
is a stone bridge over the river.
河面上有座石桥。
2.
forget to do sth./forget doing sth.
forget to do sth.
意思是“忘记做某事”<
/p>
,实际上还没做;
forget doing sth,
意思是“忘记做过某事”
,
实际上已经做过了。
试比较:
I forgot to tell him the
news.
我忘记告诉他这条消息了。
I forgot telling him the
news.
我已经把这条消息告诉他了,我却忘了。
类似的词还有:
remember,
regret
等。
3.
hope/wish
hope
和
wish
在汉语中都有“希望”的意思,但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下:
<
/p>
(1)wish
可以用来表示不可实现的愿望;
< br>hope
只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如:
I wish I were 20 years
younger.
我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。
I hope you'll be better soon.
我希望你能很快好起来。
I
wish the weather wasn't so cold.
但愿天气不这麽冷。
I hope
he will come, too.
我希望他也能来。
14
(2)wish
可以接
sb. to
do sth.
的结构,而
hope
不可以。例如:
Do you wish me to
come back later?
你是否希望我再来?
4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about
sb. or sth.
(1)be sure to do sth.
可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求,意思是“务必”
,也可以用来表示说
话人做
出的推断,意思是“一定”
,
“
肯定”
。例如:
Be sure
to lock the door when you
leave.
你离开时务必把门锁好。
It's a good film. You are sure to enjoy
it.
这是一部好电影,你肯定会喜欢的。
(2)be sure of/about sth.
可
用来表示“某人对某事有把握”
。例如:
I'm sure of his
success.
我相信他会成功。
I think it was three years ago, but I'm
not sure about
it.
我想那是三年前的事情,但我没有把握。
5. hear from/hear of
hear
p>
意思是“听到”
,从哪里听到要用
from
来表示。例如:
I've
heard from Xiao Wu that we'll start out military
training tomorrow.
我听小吴说,我们明天
开始军训。
Listen to the tape and write out
what you hear from Han Mei.
听录音,并写出你从韩梅<
/p>
那里听到的内容。
hear from
还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”
(
=receive a letter from
sb.
)
。例如:
I heard from my pen friend in the
U.S.A. last month.
上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。
I
heard from her last week.
我上周接到了她的来信。
hear
of
和和
hear
from
含义不同。
hear of
意思是“听说”
,
“得知”
(某事或某
人的存在)
,常用在疑问
句和否定句里。例如:
Who
is
he?
I've
never
heard
of
him.
他是谁?我从来没有听
说过他。
I
never
heard
of such a thing!
这样的事我从来没有听说过。
6.
It's a pleasure./With pleasure.
It's a
pleasure
这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语,意思是“那是我乐意做的”
。例如:
---Thank you
for helping me.
谢谢你地帮助。
---It's a pleasure.
那是我乐意做的。
---Thanks a lot.
Bye.
非常感谢。
再见。
---It's a pleasure.
那是我乐意做的。再见。
类似的话还有
“
Not at
all.
”
“
You are
welcome.
”
“
That's all
right.
”
With
pleasure
也用作客气的答语,
主要用在
别人要你做某事,
而你又非常愿意去做的场合。
例如:
---Will
you please pass me the
newspaper,
please?
请你把报纸递给我好吗?
---With
pleasure.
当然可以。
7.
seem/look
(1)
二者都可以作“看起来”讲,但<
/p>
seem
暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断,这种判断往往接
近事实;
look
着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟
p>
(to be)+
形容词和
as
if
从句。如:
He seems / looks (to
be) very happy today.
他今天看起来很高兴。
It
looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain.
好像要下雨了。
(2)
但下列情况中只用
seem
不用
look
:
1)
后跟不定式
to
do
时。如:
He seems to know the
answer.
他似乎知道答案。
2)
在
It seems that
...
结构中。如:
It seems that he is
happier now than yesterday.
他像比昨天高
兴些了。
8. be ready to
do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for
(1)be ready to
do
和
be ready for
…表
示“已作好…的准备”
,强调状态
(2)get ready to
do
和
get ready for
…
表示“为…做准备”
,强调行为。如:
I'm ready to do anything you want me to
do.
我愿意
/
随时准备做一切做你
要我做的事。
I'm ready for any
questions you may ask.
我愿意
/
p>
随时准备回答你可能问的问题。
He's
getting ready to leave for
Tokyo.
他正准备动身去东京。
15
Let's get
ready for the hard
moment.
我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。
(3)be ready to do
通常可理解“乐于做某
事”
,即思想上总是有做某事的准备。
be not
ready to do
表
示“不轻易做某事”
。如:
He's usually not ready to listen
to others.
他通常不轻易听从别人。
9. at table/at the table
at
table
在吃饭,
at the
table
在桌子旁边。例如:
The Greens are
at table.
格林一家人在吃饭。
Mr. Black is sitting at the table and
reading a book.
布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。
10. reach, arrive/get to
三者都
有
到达
之意。
reach
是及物动词,后直接加名词,
get
和
arrive
是不及物动词
,不能直接加名词,
须借助于介词。
get to
后加名词地点,若跟副词地点时,
to
去掉;
arrive at
+
小地方,
arrive
in+
大地
方。如:
Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock. <
/p>
露西
8
点前到了动物园。
When did your parents arrive in
Shanghai?
你父母何时到上海的?
It was late when I got home.
我到家时天色已晚。
11.
sick/ill
二者都是形容词。当“生病的,患病“之意时,
ill
只作表语,不作定语;而
sick
< br>既可作表语也可作定语。
sick
有
呕吐,恶心
的意思,只能作表语,
而
ill
无此意。如:
Li Lei was ill last week. (
只
作表语
)
李磊上周生病了。
He's
a sick man.
(作定语)他是病人。不能
说成:<
/p>
He's an ill grandfather was sick for a
month last year.
(作表语)我祖父去年病了
一个月。
12. in time/on time
in time<
/p>
是
及时
的意思,
on time
是
准时,按时
。如:
I didn't get to the bus stop in time.
我没
有及时赶上汽车。
We'll
finish our job on time.
我们要按时完成任务。
13.
may be/maybe
It may be in your inside
pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket.
也许在你里边的口袋里。
第一句中
may
be
是情态动词
+be
动词构成的谓语部分,意思是
也许是
,
可能是
;第二句中的
maybe
是
副词,意思是
可能
<
/p>
,常位于句首,不能位于句中,相当于另一副词
perhaps
。再如:
Maybe
you
put
it
in
that bag.
也许你放在
了那只包里。
(不能说
You maybe put it
in that bag.
)
It
may be a hat.
那可能是顶帽子。
(不能说
It maybe a hat.
或
It
maybe is a hat.
)
14. noise/ voice/ sound
noise
指嘈杂声,
噪音大的吵杂
声。
voice
是指说话的声音,
嗓音
,
嗓子。
sound
是指耳朵能够听到
的声音、
闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如:<
/p>
Don't make so much noise!
别那么大声喧哗!
I didn't
recognize John's voice on the telephone.
在电话里我听不出约翰的声音。
He
spoke in a low voice.
他低声说话。
We heard a strange
sound.
我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。
Sound travels fast, but light travels
faster.
声音传得快,但是光传得更快。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在:
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