-
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
2007
年考研英语一真题解析
Directions
:
Read the
following text. Choose the best word(s) for each
numbered blank and mark
A
,
B
,
C
or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
By 1830 the
former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become
independent nations. The
roughly 20
million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.
Born in the crisis of the old regime
and
Iberian
Colonialism,
many
of
the
leaders
of
independence
3
the
ideas
of
representative
government,
careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and
trade, the 5 to private property, and a
belief in the individual as the basis
of society. 6 there was a belief that the new
nations should be
sovereign and
independent states, large enough to be
economically viable and integrated by a 7 set
of 1aws.
On the issue of 8 of religion and the
position of the Church, 9 there was less agreement
10 the
leadership.
Roman
Catholicism
had
been
the
state
religion
and
the
only
one
11
by
the
Spanish
crown. 12 most leaders sought to
maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of
the new states,
some sought to end the
14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church
became a rallying 15 for the
conservative forces.
The
ideals
of
the
early
leaders
of
independence
were
often
egalitarian,
valuing
equality
of
everything. Bolivar had
received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to
abolish slavery in the areas
he
liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished
everywhere except Spain
’
s 17
colonies. Early
promises to end Indian
tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came
much 18 because the new
nations still
needed the revenue such policies 19 .Egalitarian
sentiments were often tempered by
fears
that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule
and democracy.
1.[A]natives [B]inhabitants[C]peoples
[D]individuals
2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully
[C]worriedly[D]hopefully
<
/p>
3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]reject
ed
4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted
5.[A]access[B]s
uccession[C]right[D]return
6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviou
sly [D]Generally
7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical
8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform
9.[A]therefore[
B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover
10.[A]with[B]about
[C]among[D]by
1
1.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded
12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While
13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against
14.[A]spread[B]
interference[C]exclusion[D]influence
15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish
第
1
页共<
/p>
1
页
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
16.
[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised
17.[A]controlli
ng[B]former[C]remaining[D]original
18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]eas
ier[D]tougher
1
9.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred
20.[ A] puzzled
by[B]hostile to [C]pessimistic about[D]unprepared
for
文章中心:完型填空的命
题理论规定,文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句
;
有<
/p>
时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。
因此,
在选择具体题目答案前,
把握文
章中心对于理
解文章语句,把握逻辑关系,确定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。
文章首段主题句叙述到
By 1830 the former
Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become
independent nations.
到
1830
,前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放,宣告成为独立国家。
本文的中心思想为前
西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。
题目解析:
By 1830 the
former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become
independent nations. The
roughly 20
million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.
1.[A]natives
[B]inhabitants [C]peoples [D]individuals
2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully
[C]worriedly [D]hopefully
1.
语意辨析题本题目选择名词,
在
句子中充当主语。
句子叙述到
The roughly 20
million
of
these nations looked to the future.
“这些
国家大概有
2000
万?对未来?。”
选项
A.
natives
本地人
;
B.
inhabitant
居民
;
C. peoples
民族
;
D. individuals
个体。
不难发现,选项
A.
natives
本地人,“这些国家大概有
2000
万
本地人?”,符合句子
含义
;
选项
p>
B.
inhabitant
居民,“这些
国家大概有
2000
万居民?”,符合句子含义
;
选项
C.
peoples
民族,“这些国家大概有
2000
万个
民族”,显然有悖于常理,不符合句子含义
;
选
项
D. individuals
个体,“这些国家大
概有
2000
万个体?”,不符合句子含义,个体一般用
于区分于集体时使用。选项
A
和
B
都可以在句子中做主语,确定该题目为语意辨析题。前
面相邻语句
(
或文章中心思想
)<
/p>
叙述到“
By 1830 the former
Spanish and Portuguese colonies had
become independent nations.
到
1830
,
前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地
解放,
宣告成为独立国家。”
本句解释了这些居住在摆脱殖民地
地位而独立的国家的人们对于未来的态度。
因此,
正确答
案为
B
。
2.
语
意辨析题本题目选择副词,在句子中做状语。句子叙述到
The
roughly
20
million
inhabitants of these
nations looked to the future.
“这些国家大概有<
/p>
2000
万居民对未来?。”
选项
A. confusedly
困惑地
;
B. cheerfully
高兴的
;
C. worried
担心的
;
D. hopefully
充满期待地。
不难发现,
选项
A. confuse
dly
困惑地,
“这些国家大概有
20
00
万居民对未来感到困惑”
,
符合句
子含义
;
选项
B.
cheerfully
高兴的,
“这些国家大概有
2000
万居民对未来感到高兴”
,
符合句子含义
;
选项
C.
worried
担心的,“这些国家大概有
2000
万居民对未来感到担心”,
符合句子含义
;
p>
选项
D. hopefully
充满期待
地,“这些国家大概有
2000
万居民对未来充满期
待”,符合句子含义。四个选项似乎在单个句子中都合理通顺,确定该题目为语意辨析题。
前面相邻语句
(
或文章中心思想
)
叙述到“
By 1830 the former
Spanish and Portuguese colonies
第
2
页共
2
页
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
had
become
independent
nations.
到
1830
,前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放,宣告成为
独立国
家。
”
本句解释了这些居住在摆
脱殖民地地位而独立的国家的人们对于未来的态度。
既然独
立,
当让是充满希望的。因此正确答案
D
。
Born
in
the
crisis
of
the
old
regime
and
Iberian
Colonialism,
many
of
the
leaders
of
independence 3 the ideas of
representative government, careers 4 to talent,
freedom of commerce
and trade, the 5 to
private property, and a belief in the individual
as the basis of society.
3.[A]shared [B]forgot [C]attained
[D]rejected
4.[A]related [B]close [C]open
[D]devoted
5.[A]access [B]succession [C]right
[D]return
3.
p>
词汇辨析题本句子选择动词,
在句子中充当谓语动词。
句子叙述到
many of the leaders
of
independence
the
ideas of
representative
government
p>
“许多独立国家的领导人都?议会政
府。”
选项
A.
shared
共有
;
B. forgot
忘记
;
C. attained
获得
;
D. rejected
拒绝
.
。
不难发现,
文章中心思想叙述到
“
By 1830 the
former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had
become independent nations.
到
1830
,
前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地
解放,
宣告成为独立国家。”
既然是独立的国家,
那么新的国家领导人们应该推崇一种公平的政治举措。
对于,
当时比较
先进而且民主的“议会制度”当然应该是全力支持的。选项
A. shared
共有,“许多独立国
家的领
导人都认同议会政府”,符合句子含义
;
选项
< br>B. forgot
忘记,“许多独立国家的领导
人都
忘记了议会政府”,不符合句子含义
;
选项
C.
attained
获得,“许多独立国家的领导人
都获得了议会政府”,不符合句子含义,“
attain
p>
获得”一般是通过长期努力而获得什么物
品,实现什么目标,不能表
达为“获得议会政府”
;
选项
D.
rejected
拒绝,“许多独立国家
的领导人都拒绝了议会政府”,不符合文章中心“国家独立”。因此,正确答案为
A
,许多
独立国家领导人都认同议会政府。
4.
词汇辨析题本题目选择形容词,
在句子中体现前、
后名词之间
的关系。
句子叙述
many
of
the
leaders
of
independence
shared
the
ideas
of
representative
government,
careers
____to
talent, freedom of commerce and trade,<
/p>
?“许多独立国家领导人都认同议会政府,职业?于人
才,商业和
贸易自由?。”显然,短语“
careers ____to
talent
”、短语“
freedom of
commerce
and trade
”等都是与“认同议会
政府”相并列的独立国家领导人们新政的民主政策。应该充
分体现独立和民主。
选项
A. related
相关的
;
B. close
接近的
;
C. open
开着的
;
D. devoted
投入的
.
不难发现,
选项
A. related
相关的,
“职业相关于人才”
,
不符合句子含义
;
选项
B. close
接近的,“职业接近于人才”,不符合句子含义
< br>;
选项
C.
open
开着的,“职业对于人才开
放”,符合文章中心同时也符合句子含义<
/p>
;
选项
D.
devoted
投入的,“职业投入于人才”,
这种表达错误,
应该是“人才投入与工作”才是正确的语句表达。
职业对人才开放才符合文
章“独立”这一中心。因此,正确答案为
C
。
5.
词汇辨析题本题目选择名词,
在句子中体现句子内容的连贯性。
句子叙述到
< br>many of
the leaders of independence
shared the ideas of representative government,
careers open to talent,
第
p>
3
页共
3
页
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
freedom of commerce and
trade, the___ to private property, and a belief in
the individual as the
basis of society.
“许多独立国家的领导人都认同议会政府,认为职业应该向人才开放,认可
商业贸易自由,认可私有财产的?,认为个人是社会的基础。
选项
A.
access to
接近
;
B. succession to
继承
;
C. right to
?的权利
;
D. return to
返回。
不难发现,从前面的“议会制政府”,“向人才开放的职业”,“商业和贸易自由”可<
/p>
以看出这里提到的是推动国家进步和发展,
充分调动人们积极性的
另一个理念
“人们对私有
财产的所有权”,故此处选择
right
。因此,正确答案为
C
。
6 there was a belief that the new
nations should be sovereign and independent
states, large
enough to be economically
viable and integrated by a 7 set of 1aws.
6.[A]Presumably
[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously [D]Generally
7.[A]unique
[B]common [C]particular [D]typical
6.
逻辑关系题本题目选择副词,
体现前、
后两个句子之间的逻辑关系。
句子叙述到
there
was a
belief that the new nations should be sovereign
and independent states,
“有一种?的信念,
新独立的国家应该是自治并且独立的国家。
”
选择逻
辑关系词,
相关联的两个句子提供信息
决定答案。
选项
A. Presumably
大概的
;
B. Incidentally
偶然的
;
C. Obviously
显然的
;
D. Generally
普遍的。
不难发现,前面的句子叙述到“
many
of
the
leaders
of
independence
shared
the
ideas
of
representative
government,
careers
open
to
talent,
freedom
of
commerce
and
trade,
the
right
to
private property, and a
belief in the individual as the basis of society.
“
许多独立国家的领导人都
认同议会政
府,
认为职业应该向人才开放,认可商业贸易自由,认可私有财产的?,认为个
人是社会的基础。
”
该句与后面的句子没有任何
内容相反或转折的信号词,
可以判断两个句
子是顺接关系,
p>
后面承接上一句内容而来,
继续介绍新的独立国家领导人都认同的理
念。
因
此,正确答案为
D
。
7.
词汇辨析题本题目选择形容词,
在句子中充当定语。
句子叙述到
Generally
there was a
belief
that
the
new
nations
should
be
sovereign
and
independent
states,
large
enough
to
be
economically viable and
integrated by a set of 1aws.
“有一种普遍接受的信
念,新独立的国家
应该是自治并且独立的国家
,
要足够大并且能够在经济上运行良好,
通过一套?的法律将各
个新独立的国家联合”。
选项
A.
unique
唯一的
;
B.
common
普通的
;
C. particular
特殊的
;
D. typical
典型的。
不难发现,
想要
“联合各个国家”
只有通过共同接受的法律才能够实现。
选项
A. unique
唯一的,体现
与众不同,标新立异与“联合国家”没有关联
;
选项
B. common
普通的,共同
的,
“通过共同接受的法律将各个新独立的国家联合”
,
符合句子含义
;
选项
C.
particular
特
殊的,体现自身特点“异于常规”,
不符合句子含义
;
选项
D. typi
cal
典型的,指具有既定特
点的,不符合句子含义。因此,正
确答案为
B
。
第
4
页共<
/p>
4
页
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
On
the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the
Church, 9 there was less agreement 10 the
leadership.
8.[A]freedom [B]origin [C]impact
[D]reform
9.[A]therefore [B]however [C]indeed
[D]moreover
10.[A]with [B]about [C]among [D]by
8.
语意
辨析题本题目选择名词,在句子中做宾语。句子叙述到
On the issue of
of religion
and the position of the
Church
?。“关于宗教的?和教会地位的问题?。”
选项
A.
freedom
自由
;
B. origin
起源
;
C. impact
影响
;
D. reform
改革。
不难发现,
选项
A. freedom
of religion
“宗教信仰自由”
,
< br>符合短语表达
;
选项
B.
origin of
religion
“宗教的起源”,符
合短语表达
;
选项
C. impact
of religion
“宗教的影响”,符合短
语表达
p>
;
选项
D. reform of
religion
“宗教改革”,符合短语表达。显然,四个选项在句子中
似乎都合理,确定该题目为语意辨析题。由于前文叙述内容未涉及宗教,所以信息在后
文。
.(
完成下面题目发现,罗马天主教是西班牙国
教,是西班牙王室唯一认可的宗教。多数
领导人致力于保留天主教为新国家的官方宗教<
/p>
;
而另一些领导人致力于终结排斥其他宗教的
状况。
)
显然,关于宗教信仰的自由问题产生分歧。因此,
正确答案为
A
。
9.
逻
辑关系题本题目选择逻辑关系词,体现前后句子之间的逻辑关系。句子叙述到
On
the issue of freedom of religion and
the position of the Church, there was less
agreement
?。
“关
于宗教
信仰自由和教会地位的问题,各国领导人之间存在分歧。”
选项
A. therefore
因此
;
B. however
然而
;
C.
indeed
的确
;
D.
moreover
而且。
不难发现,第一段最后叙述到
Generally there
was a belief that the new nations should be
sovereign and independent states, large
enough to be economically viable and integrated by
a set
of 1aws.
“有一种普遍接受的信念,新
独立的国家应该是自治并且独立的国家
,
要足够大并
且能够在经济上运行良好,
通过一套共同的法律将各个新独立的国家联合
”
,
介绍了新成立
的独立国家领导人之
间在治国理念方面的共识。而随后的语句提到的是他们之间存在的分
歧,显然两部分之间
为转折关系。因此,正确答案为
B
。
10.
词汇辨析题本题目选择介词,体现句子内容的范围。句子叙述到
On
the
issue
of
freedom
of
religion
and
the
position
of
the
Church,
however
there
was
less
agreement
___the
leadership.
“关于宗教信仰自由和教会地位的问题,
各国领导人在主导地位
...
方面存在分歧。
”
选项
A.
with
和?
;
B. about
有关
;
C. among
在?之中
;
D.
by
通过。
不难发现,本句表明各国领导人之间在宗教问题方面不那么有
默契了,
among
表示
“在??之间
”,这里
among
the
lea
dership
表范围。其他几个介词与后面内容搭配作状语
时
,都不表示范围。因此,正确答案为
C
。
Roman
Catholicism had been the state religion and the
only one 11 by the Spanish crown.
11.[A]allowed [B]preached
[C]granted [D]funded
第
5
页共
5
页
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
11.
词汇辨析题本题目选择过去分词,修饰前面相邻的名词。句子叙述到
Roman
Catholicism had been the state
religion and the only one by the Spanish crown.
p>
“罗马天主教过
去是西班牙的国教,是西班牙王室唯一?的宗教。”
该过去分词短语修饰前面的“
Roman
Catholicism
罗马天主教”,体现出“
Roman crown
罗马皇室”对于“罗马天主教”的态度。
选项
A.
allowed
准许
;
B. preached
宣扬
;
C. granted
承认
;
D.
funded
资助。
不难发现,句中的
only
可判断,西班牙王室只承认罗马天主教。选项
A. allowed
p>
准许,
表示许可,
对于严肃的宗教地位不适
用
;
选项
B. preached <
/p>
宣扬,
对于宗教地位应该不仅仅是
宣扬这
么肤浅,皇室要通过政治权利规定宗教的信仰及其地位,该词不合理
;
< br>选项
C. granted
承认
(
授权
)
,符合句子含义
;
选项
D. funded
资助,表示通过资金来支持,不符合宗教地位的
要求。因此,正确答案为
C
。
12
most
leaders
sought
to
maintain
Catholicism
13
the
official
religion
of
the
new
states,
some
sought to end the 14 of other faiths.
12.[A]Since [B]If [C]Unless
[D]While
13.[A]as [B]for [C]under [D]against
14.[A]spread
[B]interference[C]exclusion [D]influence
12.
逻辑关系题本题目选择连词,
体现句子之间的逻辑关系。
句子叙
述到
__ most leaders
sought to maintain Catholicism
?
, some sought to end
the
?
.
“大多数领导人致力于保
留天主
教,?一些人致力于结束?。”选择逻辑关系词,相关联的两个句子提供信息决定
答案。
选项
A.
since
因为
;
B. if
如果
;
C. unless
除非
;
D. while
而。
<
/p>
不难发现,
关于宗教信仰问题,
领导人分
成两个派别,
即,
“大多数致力于保留天主教”
和“一些人致力于结束它的统治地位”。显然,二者观点相异。因此,正确答案为
D
。
13.
词汇辨析题本题目选择介词,将后面的名词和前面句子的
逻辑关系。句子叙述到
while most leaders sought to
maintain Catholicism ___ the official religion of
the new states,
“大
多数领导人致力于保留
天主教?新的官方宗教。”
选项
A. as
作为
;
B. for
为了
;
C. under
在
...
之下
;
D. against
反对。
显然这里
as the official religion
of the new states
是方式状语,与
main
tain
搭配使用,符
合语意关系。因此,正确答案为
A
。
14.
词汇辨析题本题目选择名词,
在句子中做宾语。
句子叙述到
some
sought to end the of
other faiths.
“一些领导人致力于结束对于其他宗教信仰的?。”
选项
A.
spread
传播
;
B.
interference
干涉
;
C. exclusion
排除
;
D. promised
承诺。
不难发现,
关于宗教信仰问题,
领导人分成两个派别,
即,
“大多数致力于保留天主教”
第
< br>6
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页
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
和“一些人致力于结束排挤其他宗教的行为”。显然,二者观
点相异。两拨人的观点截然不
同,
exclusion
用在此处符合语境,表示“结束对于其他宗教的排挤”。这里使用
spr
ead
,
interference
和
influence
与前面内容均不构成转折关系。因此,正确
答案为
C
。
The defense of the Church
became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.
15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish
15.
固
定搭配题选择名词,构成
rallying
?的固定搭配。在句
子中充当宾语。句子叙述到
The defense of the Church
became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.
“保卫教会成为保守
势力的战斗?。”选项
A. support
支持
;B. cry
哭喊
;C. plea
恳请
;D. wish
希望。本句与
前一
句内容有隐含的因果关系,
这是由于一些领导人主张允许信
仰其他宗教,
因此保卫教会成为
保守势力的战斗口号。这里
p>
rallying cry
为固定搭配。因此,正确答案为
B
。
The
ideals
of
the
early
leaders
of
independence
were
often
egalitarian,
valuing
equality
of
everything. Bolivar had
received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to
abolish slavery in the areas
he
liberated.
16.[A]urged [B]intended [C]expected
[D]promised
16.
固定搭配题本题目选择动词,与
to
构成搭配,在句子中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到
Bolivar
had received aid from Haiti and had in return to
abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.
“玻利瓦尔得到海地的援助,作为回报,他?在自己解放的地区废除奴隶制度。”
选项
A. urged
敦促
;
B. intended
打算
;
C. expected
期望
;
D. promised
答应。
不难发现,
从句中的
in retur
n
可以看出,
海地对玻利瓦尔的帮助并非无条件的,
其条件
就是后者承诺废除奴隶制度。选项
A.
urged
敦促,表示主动且积极,不符合句子含义
;
选项
B. intended
打算,表示主
动且积极,不符合句子含义
;
选项
C.
expected
期望,表示主观能动
性,不符合句子含义<
/p>
;
选项
D. promised
答应,这里
promise to do sth.
意为“答应做某事”,
答应是口头的并非付诸于行动的,在此有“阳奉阴违
”的意味。因此,正确答案为
D
。
By 1854 slavery
had been abolished everywhere except
Spain
’
s 17 colonies.
17.[A]controlling [B]former
[C]remaining [D]original
<
/p>
17.
词汇辨析题本题目选择形容词,修饰名词
< br>colonies
。句子叙述到
By 1854
slavery had
been abolished everywhere
except Spain
’
s ___colonies.
“到了
1854
年,
< br>除了西班牙?的殖民
地外,其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制。”
选项
A.
controlling
正在统治的
;
B.
former
原来的
;
C.
remaining
遗留的
;
D. original
原始的。
不难发现,选项
A. controlling
正在统治的,“到了
1854
年,除了西班牙正在统治
的殖
民地外,
其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制”
< br>,
与前文的阳奉阴违的答应废除奴隶制没有逻辑上
的一致
性,不符合句子含义
;
选项
B.
p>
former
原来的,“到了
1854
p>
年,除了西班牙原来的殖
民地外,其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制”,
“原来的”体现出虽然独立但是民主的政策却丝
毫没有效用,显
然不符合句子含义
;
选项
C. rem
aining
遗留的,“到了
1854
年,除了西班牙
遗留的殖民地外,其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制”
,即体现了独立的举措,
又表现出阳奉阴
违的不彻底的废除奴
隶制的行为
;
选项
D.
original
原始的,
“到了
1
854
年,除了西班牙原始
的殖民地外,其他的地区都已经废除
奴隶制”,显然这样的表达没有任何“独立”的迹象,
第
p>
7
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凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
不符合句子含义。因此应选
C
,指西班牙的残存的殖民地国家。
Early
promises
to
end
Indian
tribute
and
taxes
on
people
of
mixed
origin
came
much
18
because
the new nations still needed the revenue such
policies 19 .
1
8.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher
19.[A]created[B
]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred
18.
语义辨析题本题目选择副词的
比较级形式,在句子中表示状态。句子叙述到
Early
promises to end Indian tribute and
taxes on people of mixed origin came much ___ beca
use
?“停
止印地安人上贡和对混血人种征税的早期承诺实现
得颇为?。”
选项
A.
slower
较慢
;
B.
faster
较快
;
C.
easier
较容易
;
D.
tougher
较难。
显然,
四个选项在句子中似乎都是合
理的,
确定该题目为语意辨析题。
上文提到玻利瓦
尔承诺废除奴隶制,到
1854
年除了西班牙剩余的
殖民地外,其他地区都已废除奴隶制,因
此,根据上下文可知,此处是说这个承诺实现得
缓慢,不像废除奴隶制那样快,因此,正确
答案为
A
。
19.
词汇辨析题本题目选择动词,在定语从句中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到<
/p>
the
new
nations
still needed the revenue such policies _ .
“新的国家仍然需要这些政策所?的税收收
入。”选项
A. created
创建
;
B. produced
产生,生产
;
C. contributed
有助于
;
D. preferred
更喜欢。
不难发现,
本题所在部分意为“新国家仍然需要这些政策所带来的税收收入”
,这些税
收收入是这些
policies
带来的,这里使用
produce
意思相近。选项
A.
created
创造,创建,
不能与“
revenue
收入”构成合理的主谓关系
;
选项
p>
C.
contributed
有助于,
一般要构成
“
contribute to
”
的短语才能够接宾语,
在此不符合句子含义
;
选项
D. preferred
更喜欢,
一般
要构成“
pre
fer
to
”的短语。句子中没有提供比较的参照,所以不涉
及“更喜欢”,不符合
句子含义。因此,正确答案为
B
。
Egalitarian sentiments were often
tempered by fears that the mass of the population
was 20
self-rule and democracy.
20.[A] puzzled
by [B]hostile to [C]pessimistic about
[D]unprepared for
20.
词汇辨析题本题目选择过去分词短语,在句子中构成被
动语态,充当谓语。句子叙
述到
Egalitarian
sentiments were often tempered by fears that the
mass of the population was __
self-rule
and democracy.
“平等的情绪通常被缓解,这是由于担心大众?自治和民主。”
选项
A.
puzzled by
困惑
;
B. hostile to
敌对
;
C. pessimistic to
悲观
;
D. unprepared to
未准备好。
本段前文一直在提人人平等,
最后一
句指出一种担心情绪:
大众未对自治和民主做好准
备。
由于新的独立国家的人们刚刚摆脱了殖民统治,
因此人们还没有充分了解
和熟悉自治和
民主,这里使用
unprepared for<
/p>
符合语境。因此,正确答案为
D
。
全文翻译到了
1830
年,原来的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地变成了独立的国家。
这些国家的
大约
2
千万居民对未来充满
期待。
许多独立国家的领导人在旧政权和伊比利亚殖民注意岌岌
第
8
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8<
/p>
页
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
可危时出生,他们都认同议会制政府,向人才开放职业,商业
贸易自由,私有财产所有权,
认为个人是社会的基础。
他们普遍
认为新国家应该是独立的主权国家,
足够大,
能够在经济
上切实可行,由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。
但是,
在
宗教自由和教会地位这个问题上,
各国领导人之间存在着分歧。
罗马天主教过
去是西班牙国教,
是唯一得到西班牙王室承认的宗
教。
多数领导人致力于保留天主教为新国
家的官方宗教,
而一些领导人致力于终结不能有其他宗教信仰的状况。
保卫教会成为保
守势
力的战斗口号。
独立国家早期领导者们的理想通常是平等主义,
重视一切平等。
玻利瓦尔得到海地的援
助,作为回报
,他承诺在自己解放的地区废除奴隶制。到了
1854
年,除了
西班牙前殖民地
外,
奴隶制在其他地区都已被废除。
对结素印地安人的上贡问题和对混血人种的税收问题的
早期承诺较晚才实现
,
这是因为新独立的国家仍然需要这些政策所带来的税收收入。
平等的
情绪通常由于担心大众没有准备好自治和民主而有所缓解。
Section II
Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
:
Read the
following four the questions below each text by
choosing A,B,C
or your answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Text 1
If you were to
examine the birth certificates of every soccer
player in 2006
’
s World Cup
would most likely fend a noteworthy
quirk
:
elite soccer players
are more likely to
have been born in
the earlier months of the year than in the later
you then examined the
European national
youth teams that feed the World Cup and
professional ranks
,
you would
find
this strange phenomenon to be even
more pronounced.
What
might
account
for
this
strange
phenomenon?
Here
are
a
few
guesses
:
a)certain
astrological
signs
confer
superior
soccer
skills;b)winter-born
babies
tend
to
have
higher
oxygen
capacity,
which
increases
soccer
stamina;c)
soccer-mad
parents
are
more
likely
to
conceive
children in
springtime
,
at the annual
peak of soccer mania;d)none of the above.
Anders
Ericsson
,
a
58-year-old
psychology
professor
at
Florida
State
University,
says
he
believes
strongly
in
“
none
of
the
above.
”
Ericsson
grew
up
in
Sweden
,
and
studied
nuclear
engineering until he realized he would
have more opportunity to conduct his own research
if he
switched to first
experiment
,
nearly 30 years
ago
,
involved
memory
:
training a
person to hear and then repeat a random
series of numbers.
“
With the
first subject
,
after about 20
hours of
training
,
his digit span had
risen from 7 to
20
,
”
Ericsson
recalls.
“
He kept
improving
,
and after about
200 hours of training he had risen to over 80
numbers.
”
This
success
,
coupled
with
later
research
showing
that
memory
itself
is
not
genetically
determined
,
led
Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is
more of a cognitive exercise
than an
intuitive other
words
,
whatever inborn
differences two people may exhibit in their
abilities to
memorize
,
those differences
are swamped by how well each person
“
p>
encodes
”
the
the
best
way
to
learn
how
to
encode
information
meaningfully,
Ericsson
determined
,
was
a
process
known
as
deliberate
rate
practice
entails
more
than
simply repeating a , it involves sexing
specific goals
,
obtaining
immediate feedback
and concentrating as
much on technique as on outcome.
Ericsson and his colleagues
have thus taken to studying expert performers in a
wide range of
第
9
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9
页
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
pursuits
,
including gather all the data they
can
,
not just performance
statistics and
biographical
details
but
also
the
results
of
their
own
laboratory
experiments
、
^rim
high
work makes a rather
startling assertion
:
the
trait we commonly call talent is highly
,
put
another
way,
expert
performers
—
whether
in
memory
or
surgery,
ballet
or
computer
programming
—
are nearly
always made
,
not born.
birthday phenomenon found among soccer
players is mentioned to____.
A. stress the importance of
professional training.
B. spotlight the soccer superstars in
the World Cup.
C. introduce the topic of what makes
expert performance.
D. explain why some soccer teams play
better than others.
word
“
mania
”
(Line
4
:
Paragraph 2) most probably
means____.
A.
fun B. craze C. hysteria D. excitement
ing to
Ericsson
,
good memory____.
A. depends on
meaningful processing of information.
B. results from intuitive
rather than cognitive exercises.
C. is determined by genetic
rather than psychological factors.
D. requires immediate
feedback and a high degree of concentration.
on and his
colleagues believe that____.
A. talent is a dominating
factor for professional success.
B. biographical data
provide the key to excellent performance.
C. the role of
talent tends to be overlooked.
D. high achievers owe their
Success mostly to nurture.
of the following proverbs is closest
to the message the text tries to convey?
A.
“
Faith will move
mountains.
”
B.
“
One reaps what one
sows.
”
C.
“
Practice makes
perfect.
”
D.
“
Like
father
,
like
son.
”
文章解析:根据中心统一原则确定,
文章首段主题句是
If you were to
examine the birth certificates of every soccer
player, you
would most likely find a
noteworthy quirk
:
elite
soccer players are more likely to have been born
in the earlier months of the year than
in the later months.
如果你查一下参加
2006
年世界杯足球
锦标赛的每位运动员的出生证明,
就极可能发现一个值得注意的奇怪现象:
出色的运动员一
般出生在一年内的前几个月而不是后几个月。
第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是
What might
account for this strange phenomenon?
如
何解释这一奇怪现象呢
?
第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是
Anders
Ericsson
,
a 58-year-old
psychology professor at
Florida State
University, says he believes strongly in
“
none of the
above
”
. Anders Ericsson
是佛
罗里达州立大学的心理学教授,他坚信前三种推测不成立。
第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是
This
success
,
coupled with later
research showing that
memory itself is
not genetically
determined
,
led Ericsson to
conclude that the act of memorizing is
more of a cognitive exercise than an
intuitive one.
后来进行的实验表明了记忆力本身不是由基
因决定的,这些结果与第一次实验的成功一起让
Ericsson
得出结论,记忆行为与其说是一
种直觉行为不如说是一种认知行为。
p>
第五段确定
段落内容方向的语句是
Or
,
put
another
way,
expert
performers
—
whether
in
memory or surgery, ballet or computer
programming
—
are nearly
always made
,
not
born.
换一种
第
10
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页
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
方式来说,
那些专家级的从业者,无
论是记忆力超群者,
还是专家级外科医生,无论是卓越
的芭蕾舞
演员,还是出色的计算机程序员,他们几乎都是后天练就的,而非天生。
不难发现,这篇文章围绕着专家是如何培养出来的来展开。
题目解析:
21.
结构题
The
birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is
mentioned to_____.
选项
A. stress the importance
of professional training.
强调职业培训的重要性。
B. spotlight the soccer
superstars in the World Cup.
突出世界杯中的超级巨星。
C. introduce
the topic of what makes expert performance.
引出如何造就专家表现的主题。
D. explain why some soccer
teams play better than others.
解释为什么一些球队比另外一些球队踢得好。
该题作为结构题将例子
“
The
birthday phenomenon found among soccer players
”
定位到文
章第一段
I
f you were to examine the birth certificates of
every soccer player in
2006
’
s World Cup
tournament, you would most likely find
a noteworthy quirk
:
elite
soccer players are more likely to
have
been born in the earlier months of the year than
in the later you then examined the
European national youth teams that feed
the World Cup and professional
ranks
,
you would find
this strange phenomenon to be even more
pronounced.
根据结构题方位论原则,
找例子对应的
论
点句。
整个第一段都是例子。例子后面相邻的段落,即第二段
是对这种现象解释的猜想。因
此,我们可以大胆得出结论,文章的结构可能是“分—总”
结构,文章主题体现在文章的尾
段中。尾段主题句为
Or
,
put another way, expert
performers
—
whether in memory
or surgery,
ballet or computer
programming
—
are nearly
always made
,
not born.
“
换一种方式来说,
那些专
家
级的从业者,
无论是记忆力超群者,还是专家级外科医生,
无论
是卓越的芭蕾舞演员,还
是出色的计算机程序员,他们几乎都是后天练就的,而非天生。
”综上所述,正确答案为
C. introduce the topic of
what makes expert performance.
引出如何造就专家表
现的主题。
(
补充:
文章首段
/
首句含义是什么
?
这
种提问方式确定答案对应文章的中心思想。
)
22.
识词题
The word
p>
“
mania
”
(
Line 4
:
Paragraph 2) most
probably means_____.
选项
A.
fun
娱乐
B.
craze
狂燥,狂热
C.
hysteria
歇斯底里
D.
excitement
兴奋
该题将识别的词汇“
mania
p>
”在文章中定位到第二段
What might account
for this strange
phenomenon?
Here
are
a
few
guesses
:
a)certain
astrological
signs
confer
superior
soccer
skills;b)winter-born
babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which
increases soccer stamina;c)
soccer-mad
parents
are
more
likely
to
conceive
children
in
springtime
,
at
the
annual
peak
of
soccer mania;d)none of
the above.
作为识词题,按照“方位论原则”:在识别词汇后面找表示
“解释说明,逻辑关系”
的表达,或者向前面找平行结构。在词汇后面
没有任何解释说明或
逻辑关系的表达。因此,向前面找平行结构
soccer-mad
parents
are
more
likely
to
conceive
children in springt
ime
,
“对足球狂热的父母可能在春天这个一年之中足球狂热
的高峰期孕育
子女”。因此答案应选
B.
craze
狂燥,狂热。
23.
细节题
According
to Ericsson
,
good
memory_____.
选项
A. depends on meaningful
processing of information.
依靠有意义的信息处理过程。
B. results from intuitive
rather than cognitive exercises.
第
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凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
由于天生而不是认知练习。
C. is determined by genetic
rather than psychological factors.
由基因决定而不是心理因素。
D. requires
immediate feedback and a high degree of
concentration.
需要立刻反馈并且注意力高度集中。
该题利用“
Ericsson
”粗略定位到文章第三段
Anders
Ericsson
,
a 58-year-old
psychology
professor at Florida State
University, says he believes strongly in
“
none of the
above
”
. Ericsson
grew
up
in
Sweden
,
and
studied
nuclear
engineering
until
he
realized
he
would
have
more
opportunity to conduct his own research
if he switched to first
experiment
,
nearly
30
years
ago
,
involved
memory
:
training
a
person
to hear
and
then
repeat
a
random
series
of
numbers.
“
With the
first subject
,
after about 20
hours of training
,
his digit
span had risen from 7
to
20
,
”
Ericsson
recalls.
“
He kept
improving
,
and after about
200 hours of training he had risen
to
over 80
numbers.
”但是整个段落中没有出现定位词“
good
memory
”。继续定位到文章第
四段
This
success
,
coupled
with
later
research
showing
that
memory
itself
is
not
genetically
determined
,
led
Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is
more of a cognitive exercise
than an
intuitive one.
“后来进行的实验表明了记忆力本身不是由基因决定的,
这些结果与第
一次实验的成功一起让
Ericsson
得出结论,记忆行为与其说是一种直觉行为不如说是一种
认知行为。”
选项
A. depends on meaningful processing
of information.
依靠有意义的信息处理
过程,
与定位的语句动作“实验表明了记忆力本身不是由基因决定的,
Ericsson
得出结论
记忆行为
与其说是一种直觉行为不如说是一种认知行为”没有任何关联
;
选项
B. results from
intuitive
rather than cognitive exercises.
由于天生而不是
认知练习,
与定位的语句动作
“实验表
明了记忆力本身不是由基因决定的,
Ericsson
p>
得出结论记忆行为与其说是一种直觉行为不
如说是一种认知行为”<
/p>
没有任何关联
;
选项
C. is determined by genetic rather than psychological
factors.
由基因决定而
不是心理因素,
与定位的语句动作
“实验表明了记忆力本身不是
由基因
决定的,
Ericsson
得出结论记忆行为与其说是一种直觉行为不如说是一种认知行为”没有
< br>任何关联
;
选项
D.
requires immediate feedback and a high degree of c
oncentration.
需要立刻反馈
并且注意力高度集中
,与定位的语句动作“实验表明了记忆力本身不是由基因决定的,
Ericsson
得出结论记忆行为与其说是一种直觉行为不
如说是一种认知行为”没有任何关联。
该句子与四个选项没有直接联系,
作为细节题,
定位词所在的句子不能确定答案时,
向下
继
续找信息。
下面相邻的句子
In
other words
,
whatever inborn
differences two people may exhibit
in
their abilities to
memorize
,
those differences
are swamped by how well each person
“
p>
encodes
”
the information.
“换句话说,不管两个人在
记忆能力方面表现出来的先天差异有多大,这种
差异都会被每个人解码信息能力的强弱所
掩盖。
”
选项
A. depends
on meaningful processing of
information
.
依靠有意义的信息处理过程,
与相关信息句动作
“记忆能力的差异会被人的解码
信息能力的强弱所掩盖”相关联,动作“依靠
信息处理过程”对应于“被解码信息能力所掩
盖”
,
体现
“主动被动替换”
的关系
;
选项
B. results from
intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.
< br>由于天生而不是认知练习,
与相关信息句动作
“记忆能力
的差异会被人的解码信息能力的强
弱所掩盖”没有任何关联
;<
/p>
选项
C. is determined by genetic
rather than psychological factors.
由
基因决定而不是心理因素,
与相关信息句动作
“
记忆能力的差异会被人的解码信息能力的强
弱所掩盖”没有任何关联
;
选项
D.
requires
immediate
feedback
and
a
high
degree
of
concent
ration.
需要立刻反馈并且注意力高度集中,与相关信息句动作“记忆能力的差异
会被
人的解码信息能力的强弱所掩盖”
没有任何关联。
因此,
正确答案为
A. depends on
meaningful
processing of
information.
依靠有意义的信息处理过程。
第
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凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
24.
细节题
Ericsson
and his colleagues believe that_____.
选项
A. talent is a
dominating factor for professional success.
天赋是职业成功的决定因素。
B. biographical data
provide the key to excellent performance.
生物表格中的数据是出色表现的关键。
C. the role of
talent tends to be overlooked.
天赋的作用被忽略了。
D. high
achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.
卓越的成功者将其成功归咎与后天的培育。
该题利用定位词
“
Ericsson
and his colleagues
”
定位到文章尾段
p>
Ericsson and his colleagues
have thus taken to studying expert
performers in a wide range of
pursuits
,
including
gather all the data they
can
,
not just performance
statistics and biographical details but also the
results of their own laboratory
experiment with high work makes a rather
startling
assertion
:
the
trait
we
commonly
call
talent
is
highly
,
put
another
way,
expert
performers
—
whether in memory or surgery, ballet
or computer programming
—
are
nearly always
made
,
not born.
题目明确提问他们得出的结论是什么
?
因此段
落中,
段尾句
Or
,
< br>put another way,
expert
performers
—
whether in memory
or surgery, ballet or computer
programming
—
are nearly
always made
,
not b
orn.
“换一种方式来说,那些专家级的从业者,无论是记忆力超群者,还
是专家级外科医生,
无论是卓越的芭蕾舞演员,
还
是出色的计算机程序员,
他们几乎都是后
天练就的,而非天生。
”选项
A. talent is a dominating factor for
professional success.
天赋是
职业成
功的决定因素,
与相关信息句动作
“专家级从业者几乎都是后天
练就的,
而非天生的”
完全相悖
;
p>
选项
B. biographical data provide
the key to excellent performance.
生物表格中的
数据
是出色表现的关键,与相关信息句动作“专家级从业者几乎都是后天练就的,而非天
生的”
没有任何关联
;
选项
C. the role of talent tends to be overlooked .
天赋的作用被忽略了,
与相关信
息句
动作“专家级从业者几乎都是后天练就的,而非天生的”没有任何关联
;
选项
D.
high
achievers owe their success mostly to n
urture.
卓越的成功者将其成功归咎与后天的培育,与相
关信息句动作“专家级从业者几乎都是后天练就的,而非天生的”完全对应。因此,正确答
案为
D. high achievers owe their success
mostly to nurture.
卓越的成功者将其成功归咎与后天
的培育。
25.
主旨题
Which of
the following proverbs is closest to the message
the text tries to convey?
选项
A.
“
Faith will move
mountains
”精诚所至,金石为开。
B.
“
One reaps what one
sows
”一份耕耘,一份收获。
C.
“
Practice makes
perfect
”熟能生巧。
D.
“
Like
father
,
like
son
”有其父必有其子。
作为主旨题要明确找到文章每个段落的主题句。
通过前面四道题目的定位和分析理解不
难发现文章的结构为“分—总”,文章
的主题体现在尾段的主题句中。因此,相关信息句仍
然是段尾句
Or
,
put
another
way,
expert
perfo
rmers
—
whether
in
memory
or
surgery,
ballet
or
computer
programming
—
are nearly
always made
,
not born.
“换一种方式来说,那些专家级的
从业者,无论是记忆力超群者,
还是专家级外科医生,无论是卓越的芭蕾舞演员,
还是出色
< br>的计算机程序员,他们几乎都是后天练就的,而非天生。”因此,正确答案为
C.
“
Practice
makes p
erfect
”
熟能生巧。
(
补充:
本题目作为主旨题也可以用中心统一原则提炼的确定各段
内容方向的语句来确定答案。
)
全文翻译如果你查一下参加
2006
年世界杯足球锦标赛的每位运动员的出生证明,就极
第
13
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凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
可能发现一个值得注意的怪现象:
出
色的足球运动员往往出生在一年内的前几个月而不是后
几个月。
如果你再查一下为世界杯和职业球队输送球员的欧洲国家青年队的出生证明,
你就
会发现这一现象更加明显。
如果何解释这一怪现象呢
?
这里有几种猜测:
1)
某些星象迹象赋予这些人
出色的球技
;2)
冬天出生的孩子氧容量高,因此踢足球的耐力
好
;3)
对足球狂热的父母更可能在春天这个一
年之中足球狂热的高峰期孕育子女
;4)
以上猜测都不
成立。
Anders
Ericsson
是佛
罗里达州立大学的心理学教授,他坚信前三种推测均不成立。
Ericsson
在瑞典长大,开始时学习核工程,直到他意识到如果自己改学心理学,就会有更多
的机会进行自己的研究。大约
30
年前他做了第一个实
验,与记忆力相关:训练一个人听,
然后复述一组随机的数字。他回忆到:“在经过大约
20
个小时的训练后,第一个受试者的
数字记忆跨度从
7
个上升至
20
个,他不断地进步,在经过大约
200
个小时
的训练后,他记
忆的数字超过了
80
个
。”
后
来进行的实验表明了记忆力本身不是由基因决定的,
这些结果与第一次实验的成功一
p>
起让
Ericsson
得出结论,
记忆行为与其说是一种直觉行为,
不如说是一种认知行为。
换句话
说,
不管两个人的记忆能力方面表现出来的先
天差异有多大,
这些差异都会被每个人解码信
息能力的强弱所掩
盖。
Ericsson
认为,
学习有意
义地解码信息的最好方式就是一个被称为
“有
意练习”
的过程。
“有意练习”
需要的不仅仅是简单的重
复一项任务,
而是要确立特定目标,
获得即时反馈,既关注结果
又关注技巧。
< br>因而,
Ericsson
和他的同事开始研究不同领域的
技艺精湛的从业者,包括足球运动员。
他们收集所有能够得到的数据,
< br>不仅是他们的表现数据,
个人生活细节内容,
还包括对于
那
些取得大成就的人的实验研究结果。
他们的研究结论令人吃惊
:
我们对通常认为的天赋评价
过高。换一种方式来说,那些专家
级的从业者,无论记忆力超群者,还是专家级外科医生,
无论是卓越的芭蕾舞演员还是出
色的计算机程序员,
他们几乎都是后天练就的,
而非天生的。<
/p>
Text
2
For the past several
years
,
the Sunday newspaper
supplement Parade has featured a column
called
“
Ask
Marilyn.
”
People are invited
to query Marilyn VOS at age 10 had tested
at a mental level of someone about 23
years old;that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest
score ever
tests ask you to complete
verbal and visual
analogies
,
to envision paper
after it has
been folded and
cut
,
and to deduce numerical
other similar it is a bit
confusing
when V
os Savant fields such queries
from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100) as
,
What
’
s the
difference between love and fondness? Or what is
the nature of luck and coincidence?
It
’
s
not obvious
how the capacity to visualize objects and to
figure out numerical patterns suits one to
answer questions that have eluded some
of the best poets and philosophers.
Clearly, intelligence
encompasses more that a score on a test. Just what
does it mean to be
smart? How
much
of
intelligence
can
be
specified
,
and
how
much
can
we
learn
about
it
from
neurology, genetics, computer science
and other fields?
The defining term of intelligence in
humans still seems to be the IQ
score
,
even though IQ
tests are not given as often as they
used to test comes primarily in two
forms
:
the
Stanford
?
Binet Intelligence
Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both
come in adult and children
’
s
version).Generally
costing
several
hundred
dollars.
they
are
usually
given
only
by
psycholog
ists
,
although
variations
of
them
populate
bookstores
and
the
Wide
igh
scores 1ike Vos
Savant
’
s are no longer
possible
,
because scoring is
now based on a statistical
population
distribution
among
age
peers
,
rather
than
simply
dividing
the
mental
age
by
the
第
14
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凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
chronological
age
and
multiplying
by
standardized
tests
,
such
as
the
Scholastic
Assessment Test (SAT)and the Graduate
Record Exam(GRE)
,
capture the
main aspects of IQ tests.
Such
standardized
tests
may
not
assess
all
the
important
elements
necessary
to
succeed
in
school
and
in
Robert
his
article
“
How
Intelligent
Is
Intelligence
Testing?
”,
Sternberg notes that traditional
tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but
fail to
measure creativity and
practical
knowledge
,
components also
critical to problem solving and life
er,
IQ
tests
do
not
necessarily
predict
so
well
once
populations
or
situations
ch has found that
IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were
given under low
stress
conditions
,
but under high
stress conditions
,
IQ was
negatively correlated with
leadership
—
that is, it
predicted the who has toiled through SAT will
testify that test taking
skill also
matters
,
whether
it
’
s knowing when to guess
or what questions to skip.
of the following may be required in an
intelligence test?
A. Answering philosophical questions.
B. Folding or
cutting paper into different shapes.
C. Telling the differences
between certain concepts.
D. Choosing words or graphs similar to
the given ones.
can be inferred about intelligence
testing from Paragraph 3?
A. People no longer use IQ scores as an
indicator of intelligence.
B. More versions of IQ tests are now
available on the Internet.
C. The test contents and formats for
adults and children may be different.
D. Scientists have defined
the important elements of human intelligence.
nowadays can
no longer achieve IQ scores as high as Vos
Savant
’
s because____.
A. the scores
are obtained through different computational
procedures.
B.
creativity rather than analytical skills is
emphasized now.
C. Vos Savant
’
s
case is an extreme one that will not repeat.
D. the defining
characteristic of IQ tests has changed.
can conclude
from the last paragraph that____.
A. test scores may not be
reliable indicators of one
’
s
ability.
B. IQ
scores and SAT results are highly correlated.
C. testing
involves a lot of guesswork.
D. traditional tests are
out of date.
is the author
’
s attitude
towards IQ tests?
A. Supportive B. Skeptical C. Impartial
D. Biased
文章解析:根据中心统一原则确定,
文章首段主题句是
For the
past several years
,
the
Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has
featured a column
called
“
Ask
Marilyn
”
.
在过去的几年里
,周日增刊
Parade
报纸中有一个
特写专栏“向
Marilyn
提问”。
第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是
Clearly,
intelligence encompasses more that a score on
a test.
显然,智力所包含的远不只是测试中的分数。
第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是
The defining
term of intelligence in humans still seems
to be the IQ
score
,
even though IQ tests
are not given as often as they used to be.
< br>虽然智商测试不
像过去用的那样多了,但是对人类智力定义的仍然是智商数。
p>
第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是
Such
standardized tests may not assess all the
important
第
15
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15
页
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
elements necessary to
succeed in school and in Robert erg
认为
,这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素。
不难发现,这篇文章围绕着测试智商和智商数来展开。
题目解析:
26.
细节题
Which of
the following may be required in an intelligence
test?
选项
A. Answering philosophical
questions.
回答哲学问题。
B. Folding or cutting paper
into different shapes.
将纸折或剪成不同形状。
C. Telling the differences
between certain concepts.
区分特定概念的差别。
D. Choosing words or graphs
similar to the given ones.
选择与给定内容相同的字或图。
该题利用定位词“
intelligence
test
”定位到文章第一段
IQ tests ask
you to complete verbal
and visual
analogies
,
to envision paper
after it has been folded and
cut
,
and to deduce numerical
other similar tasks.
“智商测试要求
你完成语言和视觉类推,
想象纸在折叠之
后和剪裁之后的形状,
推断数字顺序以及其他的一些类似的任务。”选项
A.
Answering
philosophical ques
tions.
回答哲学问题,与相关信息句动作“完成语言和视觉类推,想象纸在
折叠之后的形状,推断数字顺序等”没有任何关联
;
< br>选项
B.
Folding
or
cutting
paper
into
different shapes.
将纸折或剪成不同形状,与相关信息句动作“完成语言和视觉类推,想象纸
在
折叠之后的形状,推断数字顺序等”没有任何关联
;
选项
C. Telling the differences between
certain concepts.
区分特定概念的差别,与
相关信息句动作“完成语言和视觉类推,想象纸在
折叠之后的形状,
推断数字顺序等”
没有任何关联
;
选项
D. Choosing words or graphs similar
to
the given ones.
选择与给定内容相同的
字或图,
与相关信息句动作
“完成语言和视觉类推,
想
象纸在折叠之后的形状,推断数字顺序等”相关联,动作“择与给定内容
相同的字或图”对
应于
“想象纸在折叠之后的形状”
体现
“同意替换”
的关系。
因此,
正确答案为
D. Choosing
words or graphs similar to the given
ones.
选择与给定内容相同的字或图。
27.
细节题
What can be
inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph
3?
选项
A. People no longer use IQ
scores as an indicator of intelligence.
人们不再用智商值表示智力了。
B. More versions of IQ
tests are now available on the Internet.
网上有更多版本的智商测试。
C. The test contents and
formats for adults and children may be different.
成人和儿童的测试内容和公式可能是不同的。
D. Scientists
have defined the important elements of human
intelligence.
科学家已经定义了人类智力的重要因素。
该题利用定位词
< br>“
intelligence testing
”
定位到文章第三段
The defining term of
intelligence
in humans still seems to
be the IQ score
,
even though
IQ tests are not given as often as they used
to
test
comes
primarily
in
two
forms
:
the
Stanford
Binet
Intelligence
Scale
and
the
Wechsler
Intelligence
Scales
(both
come
in
adult
and
children
’
s
version).Generally
costing
several hundred dollars, they are
usually given only by
psychologists
,
although
variations of them
populate
bookstores
and
the
Wide
igh
scores
1ike
V
os
Savant
’
s
are
no
longer
possible
,
because
scoring is now based on a statistical population
distribution among age
peers
,
第
16
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< br>
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
rather than simply dividing
the mental age by the chronological age and
multiplying by
standardized
tests
,
such
as
the
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
(SAT)and
the
Graduate
Record
Exam(GRE)
,
capture
the
main
aspects
of
IQ
tests.
段落中前两句提到了定位词“
intelligence
testing
”
。
第一句<
/p>
The defining term of intelligence in
humans still seems to be the IQ
score
,
even
though
IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be
.
“虽然智商测试不像过去用的那样多
了,但是对人类智力定义
的仍然是智商数。”选项
A.
People
no
longer
use
IQ
scores
as
an
indicator of intelligence
.
人们不再用智商值表示智力了,
与该句的动作
“虽然智商测试不像过
去用的那样多了,
但是对人类智
力定义的仍然是智商数”
没有任何关联
;
选项
B. More versions
of IQ
tests are now available on the Internet.
网上有更多版本的智商测试,
与该句的动作
“虽然
智商测试不像过去用的那样多了,但是对人类智力定义的仍然是智商数”没有任何关联
;
选
项
C. The
test contents and formats for adults and children
may be different.
成人和儿童的测试内
容和
公式可能是不同的,
与该句的动作
“虽然智商测试不像过去用的
那样多了,
但是对人类
智力定义的仍然是智商数”没有任何关联
;
选项
D.
Scientists
have
defined
the
important
elements of human
intelligence.
科学家已经定义了人类智力的重要因素,与该句的动作
p>
“虽然
智商测试不像过去用的那样多了,
但
是对人类智力定义的仍然是智商数”
似乎有关联,
但是
句子叙述到“定义智商的是智商数”,而该选项叙述到“定义人类智力的重要因素”,显然
完全没有联系。
该句与四个选项没有直接关系作为细节题向下继续判断
相关信息句。
第二句
The test comes
primarily
in two
forms
:
the Stanford Binet
Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler
Intelligence Scales (both come in adult
and children
’
s version).
“测试主要有两种形式:
一种是
Stanfor
d Binet
智力量表,一种是
Wechsler
智力量表
(
两个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本
p>
)
。”
选项
A.
People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of
intelligence.
人们不再用智商值表示智
力了,与
相关信息句动作“测试主要有两种形式,一种是
Stanford
Binet
智力量表,一种是
Wechsler
智力量表
(
两个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本
p>
)
”
没有任何关联
;
选项
B. More versions
of IQ tests are now available on the In
ternet.
网上有更多版本的智商测试,与相关信息句动作
“测试主要有两种形式,
一种是
Stanford Binet
智力量表,
一种是
Wechsler<
/p>
智力量表
(
两个量
表均有成人和儿童两个版本
)
”没有任何关联
;
选项
C. The test contents
and formats for adults
and
children
may
be <
/p>
different.
成人和儿童的测试内容和公式可能是不同的
,与相关信息句动
作“测试主要有两种形式,一种是
Stanf
ord Binet
智力量表,一种是
Wechsler
智力量表
(
两个
量表
均有成人和儿童两个版本
)
”相关联,动作“成人和儿童的测试
内容和公式可能是不同
的”
对应于
“两
个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本”
;
选项
D. Scientists have defined the important
elements of human intelligence.
< br>科学家已经定义了人类智力的重要因素与相关信息句动作
“测
试主要有两种形式,
一种是
Stanford Binet
智力量表,
一种是
Wechsler<
/p>
智力量表
(
两个量表均
< br>有成人和儿童两个版本
)
”
没有
任何关联。
因此,
正确答案为
C.
The test contents and formats for
adults and children may be different.
p>
成人和儿童的测试内容和公式可能是不同的。
28.
细节题
People
nowadays
can
no
longer
achieve
IQ
scores
as
high
as
V
os
Savant
’
s
because_____.
选项
A. the scores are obtained
through different computational procedures.
分数值是通过不同的计算程序获得的。
B. creativity
rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.
强调的是创造力而不是分析能力。
C. Vos
Savant
’
s case is an extreme
one that will not repeat.
V
os
Savant
的案例是个极端的案例而且不会重复。
D. the defining
characteristic of IQ tests has changed.
第
17
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凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
智商测试的特色已经发生了变化。
该题利用定位词
“
IQ scores
as high as V
os Savant
’
s
”
定位到文章第三段
Su
per high scores
1ike V
os
Savant
’
s are no longer
possible
,
because scoring is
now based on a statistical population
distribution among age
peers
,
rather than simply
dividing the mental age by the chronological age
and multiplying by
100.
“像
vos Savant
那
样的超高分数不可能再出现了,这是因为现在的计
分是建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字
的基础之上的,
而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄
再乘以
p>
100
得出的数值。”选项
A.
the
scores
are
obtained
through
different
computational
procedures.
分数值是通过不同的计算程序获得的,与相关信
息句动作“现在的计分是建立在
同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的,
而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以
100
得
出的数值”相关联,动作“分数值是通过不同的计算程序获得的”对应于“现在的计分是
建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的”
,
体现
“同意替换”
的关系
;
选项
B. creativity
rather than
analytical skills is emphasized now.
强调的
是创造力而不是分析能力,
与相关信息句
动作
< br>“现在的计分是建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的,
而不仅仅是用智
力年
龄除以生理年龄再乘以
100
得出
的数值”没有任何关联
;
选项
C.
V
os
Savant
’
s
case
is
an
extreme one that will not Savant
的案例是个极端的案例而且不会重复,与相关信息
句动作
“现在的计分是建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的,
而不仅仅是用智力
年龄除以生理年龄再乘以
100
得出的
数值”
没有任何关联
;
选项
D. the defining characteristic of
IQ tests has changed.
智商测试的特色
已经发生了变化,与相关信息句动作“现在的计分是建
立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的
基础之上的,
而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以
100
得出的数值”
没有任何关联。
因此,<
/p>
正确答案为
A. the scores are
obtained through different
computational
procedures.
分数值是通过不同的计算程序获得的。
29.
推断题
We can
conclude from the last paragraph that_____.
选项
A.
test scores may not be reliable indicators of
one
’
s ability.
测试值不能可靠的反映一个人的能力。
B. IQ scores
and SAT results are highly correlated.
智商值和
SAT
的结果是紧密关联的。
C. testing involves a lot of guesswork.
测试包括许多猜测。
D. traditional tests are
out of date.
传统测试已经过时了。
该题目作为推断题,
要明确找到指定
的最后一段的主题句。
根据
“主题句
-
--
细节句原则”
,
文章尾段
Such standardized tests may not
assess all the important elements necessary to
succeed
in
school
and
in
Robert
his
article
“
How
Intelligent
Is
Intelligence
Testing?
”,
Sternberg notes that traditional
tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but
fail to
measure creativity and
practical
knowledge
,
components also
critical to problem solving and life
er,
IQ
tests
do
not
necessarily
predict
so
well
once
populations
or
situations
ch has found that
IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were
given under low
stress
conditions
,
but under high
stress conditions
,
IQ was
negatively correlated with
leadership
—
that is, it
predicted the who has toiled through SAT will
testify that test taking
skill also
matters
,
whether
it
’
s knowing when to guess
or what questions to skip.
段落中间没有
转折词,段落尾句
Anyone
who
has
toiled
through
SAT
will
testify
that
test
taking
skill
also
matters
,
whether
it
’
s knowing when to guess
or what questions to skip.
“任何一个考过
SA
T
的
人都可以证实,<
/p>
考试技巧也是有关系的,
要知道何时猜测,
要跳过什么问题。
”
明确是细节。
第
18
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1
8
页
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
因此,段落的主题句为段首句
Such
standardized tests may not assess all the
important elements
necessary to succeed
in school and in Robert
erg.
“
Robert erg
认为
,
这
些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要
的所有重要因素。
”
选项
A.
test
scores may not be reliable
indicators of one
’
s ability.
测试值不能可靠的反映一个人的能力,与
相关信息句动作
“这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要
因素”相关联,动作“测试值不能可靠的反映一个人的能力”对应于“不会评估对在学校和
< br>生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素”
,
体现
“同意替换”
的关系
;
选
项
B. IQ scores and SAT
results are highly correlated.
智商值和
SA
T
的结果是紧密关联
的,与相关信息句动作“这些标
准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的
所有重要因素”没有任何关联
;
选
项<
/p>
C. testing involves a lot of guesswork.<
/p>
测试包括许多猜测,与相关信息句动作“这些标准化
考试可能不会
评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素”没有任何关联
;
< br>选项
D.
traditional tests
are out of date.
传统测试已经过时了,与相关信息句动作“这些标准
化考试可
能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素”
< br>没有任何关联。
因此,
正确答
案
为
A. test scores may not be reliable
indicators of one
’
s ability.
测试值不能可靠的反映一个人
的能力。
30.
主旨题
What is the
author
’
s attitude towards IQ
tests?
选项
A.
Supportive
支持的
B.
Skeptical
怀疑的
C. Impartial
不偏不倚的
D. Biased
偏见的
该题作为主旨题表示作者观点态度的题目,
要明确找到文章尾段
的主题句或者倒数第二
段的主题句。文章尾段主题句为
Such
standardized
tests
may
not
assess
all
the
important
elements necessary to succeed in school
and in Robert erg.
“
Robert e
rg
认为,
这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得
成功必要的所有重要因素。
”
可
见,作
者的态度是不确定的,因此,正确答案为
B. Skeptical
怀疑的。
全文翻译在过去的几年里,周日增刊
Parade
报纸有一个名为“向玛里琳提问”的特写
专栏。人们被邀请向
Marilyn vos Aavant
提问,她在
1
0
岁时就参加了大约
23
岁人的智力测
试,得出智商为
228
,那是有记录以
来的最高分。智商测试让你完成语言和视觉类推,想象
纸在折叠之后和剪裁之后的样子,
推论数字顺序以及其他一些类似的任务。因此当
Savant
即
时回复来自普通人的一些问题时有点儿令人困惑,
这些问题诸如:
爱和喜欢之间的区别是
什么
?
运气和
巧合的本质是什么
?
而那种想象物体和计算数字模式的能力如何
让人能够回答
连一些最好的诗人和哲学家都避之惟恐不及的问题,这还不够明朗。
显然,智力所
包含的远不只是测试中的分数。那么聪明意味着什么呢
?
智力中
有多大比
例能够详细进行解释呢
?
我们
又能够从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学和其他领域对智力了解
多少呢
?
虽然智商测试不像过去用
的那样多了,
对人类智力进行定义的仍然是智商数。
测试主要<
/p>
采用两种形式:一种是斯坦福—比奈智力量表,一种是温切斯勒智力量表
< br>(
两个量表均有成
人和儿童两个版本
)
。尽管这两种测试的改编版在书店和互联网上占有一席之地,它们通常
只由心理学家进行测试,花费为几百美元。像
vos Savant
那样的超高分数不再可能出现,这
是因为现在的计分建立在同龄人的人
口分布统计数学的基础上,
而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以
胜利年龄
再乘以
100
。其他一些标准化考试,如
SA
T
和
GRE
,借鉴了智商测试的主要方面。
Robert J .Sternberg
< br>认为,
这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要
的所有重要因素。在他的“智商测试有多明智”一文中,
Sternberg
指出传统的考试很好地
评价了分析和语言能力,
而没有评估创造力和实践知识,
而后者对解决问题和在生活中取得
成功至关重要。
此外,一旦人口或环境发生改变,
智
商测试就测得不准确了。研究表明当智
第
19
页共
19
页
< br>
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
商测试在压力小的环境下进行时,
它
能预测领导能力。
当智商测试在压力大的环境下进行时,
智商与
领导力负相关,即它预测的内容正好相反。任何一个考过
SA
T
的人都可以证实,考
试技巧也是有关系的,要知道何时猜测,要
跳过什么问题。
Text 3
During the past
generation
,
the American
family that once could count on hard
work
and
fair
play
to
keep
itself
financially
secure
has been
transformed
by
economic
risk
and
new a pink
slip
,
a bad
diagnosis
,
or a disappearing
spouse can reduce a family from
solidly
middle class to newly poor in a few months.
In just one
generation
,
millions of
mothers have gone to
work
,
transforming basic
family
rs
,
policym
akers
,
and critics of all
stripes have debated the social implications
Of these few have looked at the side
effect
:
family risk has risen
as
’
s
families
have budgeted to the limits of their new ck a
result
,
they have lost
the
parachute
they
once
had
in
times
of
financial
setback-a
earner(usually
Morn)who
could go into the
workforce if the primary earner got laid off or
fell
“
added worker
effect
”
could support the safety net offered by
unemployment insurance or disability insurance to
help families
weather
。
bad
today
,
a disruption to family
fortunes can no longer be made
up with
extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home
partner.
During
the
same
es
have
been
asked
to
absorb
much
more
risk
in
their
retirement
orkers
,
airline
employees
,
and now those in
the auto industry are joining
millions
of families who must worry about interest
rates
,
stock market
fluctuation
,
and the harsh
reality that they may outlive their
retirement much of the past
year
,
President Bush
campaigned to move Social Security to a
Savings account model
,
with
retirees trading much or all
of
their
guaranteed
payments
for
payments
depending
on
investment
younger
families
,
the
picture is not any the absolute cost of
healthcare and the share of it borne
by
families have risen and newly fashionable health-
savings plans are spreading from legislative
halls to Wal-Mart
workers
,
with much higher
deductibles and a large new dose of investment
risk
for
families
’
future
demographics are working against the middle class
family
,
as the odds of having
a weak elderly parent
—
and
all the attendant need for physical and financial
assistance have jumped eightfold in
just one generation.
From the middle class family
perspective
,
much of
this
,
understandably, looks
far less like an
opportunity
to
exercise
more
financial
responsibility,
and
a
good
deal
more
like
a
frightening
acceleration of the wholesale shift of
financial risk onto their already overburdened
financial fallout has
begun
,
and the political
fallout may not be far behind.
’
s
double income families are at greater financial
risk in that____.
A. the safety net they used to enjoy
has disappeared.
B. their chances of being laid off have
greatly increased.
C. they are more vulnerable to changes
in family economics.
D. they are deprived of unemployment or
disability insurance.
a result of President
Bush
’
s
reform
,
retired people may
have____.
A. a
higher sense of security. B. less secured
payments.
C.
less chance to invest. D. a guaranteed future.
ing to the
author, health savings plans will____.
A. help reduce the cost of
healthcare. B. popularize among the middle class.
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