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2007年考研英语一真题解析

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2021-02-09 11:00
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2021年2月9日发(作者:业余爱好英文)


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2007


年考研英语一真题解析






Directions






Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A



B



C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)





By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The


roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime


and


Iberian


Colonialism,


many


of


the


leaders


of


independence


3


the


ideas


of


representative


government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a


belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be


sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set


of 1aws.




On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church, 9 there was less agreement 10 the


leadership.


Roman


Catholicism


had


been


the


state


religion


and


the


only


one


11


by


the


Spanish


crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states,


some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the


conservative forces.




The


ideals


of


the


early


leaders


of


independence


were


often


egalitarian,


valuing


equality


of


everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas


he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain



s 17 colonies. Early


promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new


nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 .Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by


fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.




1.[A]natives [B]inhabitants[C]peoples [D]individuals




2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully [C]worriedly[D]hopefully



< /p>


3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]reject ed




4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted




5.[A]access[B]s uccession[C]right[D]return




6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviou sly [D]Generally



7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical




8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform




9.[A]therefore[ B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover




10.[A]with[B]about [C]among[D]by




1 1.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded




12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While




13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against




14.[A]spread[B] interference[C]exclusion[D]influence




15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish




1


页共< /p>


1




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!






16. [A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised




17.[A]controlli ng[B]former[C]remaining[D]original




18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]eas ier[D]tougher




1 9.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred




20.[ A] puzzled by[B]hostile to [C]pessimistic about[D]unprepared for




文章中心:完型填空的命 题理论规定,文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句


;


有< /p>


时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。


因此,


在选择具体题目答案前,


把握文


章中心对于理 解文章语句,把握逻辑关系,确定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。





文章首段主题句叙述到


By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become


independent nations.



1830


,前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放,宣告成为独立国家。





本文的中心思想为前 西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。





题目解析:





By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The


roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.




1.[A]natives [B]inhabitants [C]peoples [D]individuals




2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully [C]worriedly [D]hopefully




1.


语意辨析题本题目选择名词,


在 句子中充当主语。


句子叙述到


The roughly 20 million




of these nations looked to the future.


“这些 国家大概有


2000


万?对未来?。”





选项


A. natives


本地人


;




B. inhabitant


居民


;




C. peoples


民族


;




D. individuals


个体。





不难发现,选项


A.


natives


本地人,“这些国家大概有


2000


万 本地人?”,符合句子


含义


;


选项


B.


inhabitant


居民,“这些 国家大概有


2000


万居民?”,符合句子含义


;


选项


C.


peoples


民族,“这些国家大概有


2000


万个 民族”,显然有悖于常理,不符合句子含义


;




D. individuals


个体,“这些国家大 概有


2000


万个体?”,不符合句子含义,个体一般用


于区分于集体时使用。选项


A



B


都可以在句子中做主语,确定该题目为语意辨析题。前

面相邻语句


(


或文章中心思想


)< /p>


叙述到“


By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had


become independent nations.



1830



前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地 解放,


宣告成为独立国家。”


本句解释了这些居住在摆脱殖民地 地位而独立的国家的人们对于未来的态度。


因此,


正确答


案为


B






2.


语 意辨析题本题目选择副词,在句子中做状语。句子叙述到


The


roughly


20


million


inhabitants of these nations looked to the future.


“这些国家大概有< /p>


2000


万居民对未来?。”


选项


A. confusedly


困惑地


;




B. cheerfully


高兴的


;




C. worried


担心的


;




D. hopefully


充满期待地。





不难发现,


选项


A. confuse dly


困惑地,


“这些国家大概有


20 00


万居民对未来感到困惑”



符合句 子含义


;


选项


B. cheerfully


高兴的,


“这些国家大概有

< p>
2000


万居民对未来感到高兴”



符合句子含义


;


选项


C. worried


担心的,“这些国家大概有


2000


万居民对未来感到担心”,


符合句子含义


;


选项


D. hopefully


充满期待 地,“这些国家大概有


2000


万居民对未来充满期

< p>
待”,符合句子含义。四个选项似乎在单个句子中都合理通顺,确定该题目为语意辨析题。


前面相邻语句


(


或文章中心思想


)


叙述到“


By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies




2


页共


2




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!




had


become


independent


nations.



1830


,前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放,宣告成为 独立国


家。



本句解释了这些居住在摆 脱殖民地地位而独立的国家的人们对于未来的态度。


既然独


立, 当让是充满希望的。因此正确答案


D






Born


in


the


crisis


of


the


old


regime


and


Iberian


Colonialism,


many


of


the


leaders


of


independence 3 the ideas of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce


and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.




3.[A]shared [B]forgot [C]attained [D]rejected




4.[A]related [B]close [C]open [D]devoted




5.[A]access [B]succession [C]right [D]return




3.


词汇辨析题本句子选择动词,


在句子中充当谓语动词。


句子叙述到


many of the leaders


of


independence


the


ideas of


representative


government


“许多独立国家的领导人都?议会政


府。”





选项


A. shared


共有


;




B. forgot


忘记


;




C. attained


获得


;




D. rejected


拒绝


.






不难发现,


文章中心思想叙述到



By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had


become independent nations.



1830



前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地 解放,


宣告成为独立国家。”


既然是独立的国家,


那么新的国家领导人们应该推崇一种公平的政治举措。


对于,


当时比较


先进而且民主的“议会制度”当然应该是全力支持的。选项

< p>
A. shared


共有,“许多独立国


家的领 导人都认同议会政府”,符合句子含义


;


选项

< br>B. forgot


忘记,“许多独立国家的领导


人都 忘记了议会政府”,不符合句子含义


;


选项

C.


attained


获得,“许多独立国家的领导人


都获得了议会政府”,不符合句子含义,“


attain


获得”一般是通过长期努力而获得什么物


品,实现什么目标,不能表 达为“获得议会政府”


;


选项


D.


rejected


拒绝,“许多独立国家

的领导人都拒绝了议会政府”,不符合文章中心“国家独立”。因此,正确答案为


A


,许多


独立国家领导人都认同议会政府。





4.


词汇辨析题本题目选择形容词,


在句子中体现前、


后名词之间 的关系。


句子叙述


many


of


the


leaders


of


independence


shared


the


ideas


of


representative


government,


careers


____to


talent, freedom of commerce and trade,< /p>


?“许多独立国家领导人都认同议会政府,职业?于人


才,商业和 贸易自由?。”显然,短语“


careers ____to talent


”、短语“


freedom of commerce


and trade


”等都是与“认同议会 政府”相并列的独立国家领导人们新政的民主政策。应该充


分体现独立和民主。





选项


A. related


相关的


;




B. close


接近的


;




C. open


开着的


;




D. devoted


投入的


.




不难发现,


选项


A. related


相关的,


“职业相关于人才”



不符合句子含义


;


选项


B. close


接近的,“职业接近于人才”,不符合句子含义

< br>;


选项


C.


open


开着的,“职业对于人才开


放”,符合文章中心同时也符合句子含义< /p>


;


选项


D.


devoted


投入的,“职业投入于人才”,


这种表达错误,


应该是“人才投入与工作”才是正确的语句表达。

< p>
职业对人才开放才符合文


章“独立”这一中心。因此,正确答案为


C






5.


词汇辨析题本题目选择名词,


在句子中体现句子内容的连贯性。


句子叙述到

< br>many of


the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careers open to talent,




3


页共


3




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!




freedom of commerce and trade, the___ to private property, and a belief in the individual as the


basis of society.


“许多独立国家的领导人都认同议会政府,认为职业应该向人才开放,认可


商业贸易自由,认可私有财产的?,认为个人是社会的基础。





选项


A. access to


接近


;




B. succession to


继承


;




C. right to


?的权利


;




D. return to


返回。





不难发现,从前面的“议会制政府”,“向人才开放的职业”,“商业和贸易自由”可< /p>


以看出这里提到的是推动国家进步和发展,


充分调动人们积极性的 另一个理念


“人们对私有


财产的所有权”,故此处选择


right


。因此,正确答案为


C






6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large


enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of 1aws.




6.[A]Presumably [B]Incidentally[C]Obviously [D]Generally




7.[A]unique [B]common [C]particular [D]typical




6.


逻辑关系题本题目选择副词,


体现前、


后两个句子之间的逻辑关系。


句子叙述到



there


was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states,


“有一种?的信念,


新独立的国家应该是自治并且独立的国家。



选择逻 辑关系词,


相关联的两个句子提供信息


决定答案。





选项


A. Presumably


大概的


;




B. Incidentally


偶然的


;




C. Obviously


显然的


;




D. Generally


普遍的。





不难发现,前面的句子叙述到“


many


of


the


leaders


of


independence


shared


the


ideas


of


representative


government,


careers


open


to


talent,


freedom


of


commerce


and


trade,


the


right


to


private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.



许多独立国家的领导人都


认同议会政 府,


认为职业应该向人才开放,认可商业贸易自由,认可私有财产的?,认为个


人是社会的基础。



该句与后面的句子没有任何 内容相反或转折的信号词,


可以判断两个句


子是顺接关系,


后面承接上一句内容而来,


继续介绍新的独立国家领导人都认同的理 念。



此,正确答案为


D






7.


词汇辨析题本题目选择形容词,


在句子中充当定语。


句子叙述到


Generally there was a


belief


that


the


new


nations


should


be


sovereign


and


independent


states,


large


enough


to


be


economically viable and integrated by a set of 1aws.


“有一种普遍接受的信 念,新独立的国家


应该是自治并且独立的国家


,


要足够大并且能够在经济上运行良好,


通过一套?的法律将各


个新独立的国家联合”。





选项


A. unique


唯一的


;




B. common


普通的


;




C. particular


特殊的


;




D. typical


典型的。





不难发现,


想要


“联合各个国家”


只有通过共同接受的法律才能够实现。


选项


A. unique


唯一的,体现 与众不同,标新立异与“联合国家”没有关联


;


选项

< p>
B. common


普通的,共同


的,

< p>
“通过共同接受的法律将各个新独立的国家联合”



符合句子含义


;


选项


C. particular



殊的,体现自身特点“异于常规”, 不符合句子含义


;


选项


D. typi cal


典型的,指具有既定特


点的,不符合句子含义。因此,正 确答案为


B






4


页共< /p>


4




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!






On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church, 9 there was less agreement 10 the


leadership.




8.[A]freedom [B]origin [C]impact [D]reform




9.[A]therefore [B]however [C]indeed [D]moreover




10.[A]with [B]about [C]among [D]by




8.


语意 辨析题本题目选择名词,在句子中做宾语。句子叙述到


On the issue of of religion


and the position of the Church


?。“关于宗教的?和教会地位的问题?。”





选项


A. freedom


自由


;




B. origin


起源


;




C. impact


影响


;




D. reform


改革。





不难发现,


选项


A. freedom of religion


“宗教信仰自由”


< br>符合短语表达


;


选项


B. origin of


religion


“宗教的起源”,符 合短语表达


;


选项


C. impact of religion


“宗教的影响”,符合短


语表达


;


选项


D. reform of religion


“宗教改革”,符合短语表达。显然,四个选项在句子中

< p>
似乎都合理,确定该题目为语意辨析题。由于前文叙述内容未涉及宗教,所以信息在后


文。


.(


完成下面题目发现,罗马天主教是西班牙国 教,是西班牙王室唯一认可的宗教。多数


领导人致力于保留天主教为新国家的官方宗教< /p>


;


而另一些领导人致力于终结排斥其他宗教的

状况。


)


显然,关于宗教信仰的自由问题产生分歧。因此, 正确答案为


A






9.


逻 辑关系题本题目选择逻辑关系词,体现前后句子之间的逻辑关系。句子叙述到


On


the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the Church, there was less agreement


?。


“关


于宗教 信仰自由和教会地位的问题,各国领导人之间存在分歧。”





选项


A. therefore


因此


;




B. however


然而


;




C. indeed


的确


;




D. moreover


而且。





不难发现,第一段最后叙述到


Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be


sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a set


of 1aws.


“有一种普遍接受的信念,新 独立的国家应该是自治并且独立的国家


,


要足够大并


且能够在经济上运行良好,


通过一套共同的法律将各个新独立的国家联合 ”



介绍了新成立


的独立国家领导人之 间在治国理念方面的共识。而随后的语句提到的是他们之间存在的分


歧,显然两部分之间 为转折关系。因此,正确答案为


B






10.


词汇辨析题本题目选择介词,体现句子内容的范围。句子叙述到


On


the


issue


of


freedom


of


religion


and


the


position


of


the


Church,


however


there


was


less


agreement


___the


leadership.


“关于宗教信仰自由和教会地位的问题,


各国领导人在主导地位


...


方面存在分歧。



选项


A. with


和?


;




B. about


有关


;




C. among


在?之中


;




D. by


通过。





不难发现,本句表明各国领导人之间在宗教问题方面不那么有 默契了,


among


表示


“在??之间 ”,这里


among


the


lea dership


表范围。其他几个介词与后面内容搭配作状语


时 ,都不表示范围。因此,正确答案为


C






Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown.




11.[A]allowed [B]preached [C]granted [D]funded



< p>
5


页共


5




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!






11.


词汇辨析题本题目选择过去分词,修饰前面相邻的名词。句子叙述到

Roman


Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one by the Spanish crown.


“罗马天主教过


去是西班牙的国教,是西班牙王室唯一?的宗教。” 该过去分词短语修饰前面的“


Roman


Catholicism


罗马天主教”,体现出“


Roman crown


罗马皇室”对于“罗马天主教”的态度。





选项


A. allowed


准许


;




B. preached


宣扬


;




C. granted


承认


;




D. funded


资助。





不难发现,句中的


only


可判断,西班牙王室只承认罗马天主教。选项


A. allowed


准许,


表示许可,


对于严肃的宗教地位不适 用


;


选项


B. preached < /p>


宣扬,


对于宗教地位应该不仅仅是


宣扬这 么肤浅,皇室要通过政治权利规定宗教的信仰及其地位,该词不合理


;

< br>选项


C. granted


承认


(


授权


)


,符合句子含义

< p>
;


选项


D. funded


资助,表示通过资金来支持,不符合宗教地位的


要求。因此,正确答案为


C






12


most


leaders


sought


to


maintain


Catholicism


13


the


official


religion


of


the


new


states,


some sought to end the 14 of other faiths.




12.[A]Since [B]If [C]Unless [D]While




13.[A]as [B]for [C]under [D]against




14.[A]spread [B]interference[C]exclusion [D]influence




12.


逻辑关系题本题目选择连词,


体现句子之间的逻辑关系。


句子叙 述到



__ most leaders


sought to maintain Catholicism


?


, some sought to end the


?


.


“大多数领导人致力于保 留天主


教,?一些人致力于结束?。”选择逻辑关系词,相关联的两个句子提供信息决定 答案。





选项


A. since


因为


;




B. if


如果


;




C. unless


除非


;




D. while


而。




< /p>


不难发现,


关于宗教信仰问题,


领导人分 成两个派别,


即,


“大多数致力于保留天主教”


和“一些人致力于结束它的统治地位”。显然,二者观点相异。因此,正确答案为


D






13.


词汇辨析题本题目选择介词,将后面的名词和前面句子的 逻辑关系。句子叙述到


while most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism ___ the official religion of the new states,


“大


多数领导人致力于保留 天主教?新的官方宗教。”





选项


A. as


作为


;




B. for


为了


;




C. under



...


之下


;




D. against


反对。





显然这里


as the official religion of the new states


是方式状语,与


main tain


搭配使用,符


合语意关系。因此,正确答案为


A






14.


词汇辨析题本题目选择名词,


在句子中做宾语。


句子叙述到


some sought to end the of


other faiths.


“一些领导人致力于结束对于其他宗教信仰的?。”





选项


A. spread


传播


;




B. interference


干涉


;




C. exclusion


排除


;




D. promised


承诺。





不难发现,


关于宗教信仰问题,


领导人分成两个派别,


即,


“大多数致力于保留天主教”



< br>6


页共


6



凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!




和“一些人致力于结束排挤其他宗教的行为”。显然,二者观 点相异。两拨人的观点截然不


同,


exclusion


用在此处符合语境,表示“结束对于其他宗教的排挤”。这里使用


spr ead



interference



influence


与前面内容均不构成转折关系。因此,正确 答案为


C






The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.




15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish




15.


固 定搭配题选择名词,构成


rallying


?的固定搭配。在句 子中充当宾语。句子叙述到


The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.


“保卫教会成为保守


势力的战斗?。”选项

A. support


支持


;B. cry


哭喊


;C. plea


恳请


;D. wish


希望。本句与 前一


句内容有隐含的因果关系,


这是由于一些领导人主张允许信 仰其他宗教,


因此保卫教会成为


保守势力的战斗口号。这里


rallying cry


为固定搭配。因此,正确答案为


B






The


ideals


of


the


early


leaders


of


independence


were


often


egalitarian,


valuing


equality


of


everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas


he liberated.




16.[A]urged [B]intended [C]expected [D]promised




16.


固定搭配题本题目选择动词,与


to


构成搭配,在句子中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到


Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.


“玻利瓦尔得到海地的援助,作为回报,他?在自己解放的地区废除奴隶制度。”





选项


A. urged


敦促


;




B. intended


打算


;




C. expected


期望


;




D. promised


答应。





不难发现,


从句中的


in retur n


可以看出,


海地对玻利瓦尔的帮助并非无条件的,

< p>
其条件


就是后者承诺废除奴隶制度。选项


A. urged


敦促,表示主动且积极,不符合句子含义


;


选项


B. intended


打算,表示主 动且积极,不符合句子含义


;


选项


C. expected


期望,表示主观能动


性,不符合句子含义< /p>


;


选项


D. promised


答应,这里


promise to do sth.

< p>
意为“答应做某事”,


答应是口头的并非付诸于行动的,在此有“阳奉阴违 ”的意味。因此,正确答案为


D






By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain



s 17 colonies.




17.[A]controlling [B]former [C]remaining [D]original



< /p>


17.


词汇辨析题本题目选择形容词,修饰名词

< br>colonies


。句子叙述到


By 1854 slavery had


been abolished everywhere except Spain



s ___colonies.


“到了


1854


年,

< br>除了西班牙?的殖民


地外,其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制。”




选项


A. controlling


正在统治的


;




B. former


原来的


;




C. remaining


遗留的


;




D. original


原始的。





不难发现,选项


A. controlling


正在统治的,“到了


1854


年,除了西班牙正在统治 的殖


民地外,


其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制”

< br>,


与前文的阳奉阴违的答应废除奴隶制没有逻辑上


的一致 性,不符合句子含义


;


选项


B.


former


原来的,“到了


1854


年,除了西班牙原来的殖


民地外,其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制”,


“原来的”体现出虽然独立但是民主的政策却丝


毫没有效用,显 然不符合句子含义


;


选项


C. rem aining


遗留的,“到了


1854


年,除了西班牙


遗留的殖民地外,其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制”


,即体现了独立的举措,


又表现出阳奉阴


违的不彻底的废除奴 隶制的行为


;


选项


D. original


原始的,


“到了


1 854


年,除了西班牙原始


的殖民地外,其他的地区都已经废除 奴隶制”,显然这样的表达没有任何“独立”的迹象,




7


页共


7




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!




不符合句子含义。因此应选


C


,指西班牙的残存的殖民地国家。





Early


promises


to


end


Indian


tribute


and


taxes


on


people


of


mixed


origin


came


much


18


because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 .




1 8.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher




19.[A]created[B ]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred




18.


语义辨析题本题目选择副词的 比较级形式,在句子中表示状态。句子叙述到


Early


promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much ___ beca use


?“停


止印地安人上贡和对混血人种征税的早期承诺实现 得颇为?。”





选项


A. slower


较慢


;




B. faster


较快


;




C. easier


较容易


;




D. tougher


较难。





显然,


四个选项在句子中似乎都是合 理的,


确定该题目为语意辨析题。


上文提到玻利瓦


尔承诺废除奴隶制,到


1854


年除了西班牙剩余的 殖民地外,其他地区都已废除奴隶制,因


此,根据上下文可知,此处是说这个承诺实现得 缓慢,不像废除奴隶制那样快,因此,正确


答案为


A

< p>





19.


词汇辨析题本题目选择动词,在定语从句中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到< /p>


the


new


nations still needed the revenue such policies _ .


“新的国家仍然需要这些政策所?的税收收


入。”选项


A. created


创建


;




B. produced


产生,生产


;




C. contributed


有助于


;




D. preferred


更喜欢。





不难发现,


本题所在部分意为“新国家仍然需要这些政策所带来的税收收入”


,这些税

< p>
收收入是这些


policies


带来的,这里使用


produce


意思相近。选项


A.


created


创造,创建,


不能与“


revenue


收入”构成合理的主谓关系


;


选项


C.


contributed


有助于, 一般要构成



contribute to


的短语才能够接宾语,


在此不符合句子含义


;


选项


D. preferred


更喜欢,


一般


要构成“


pre fer


to


”的短语。句子中没有提供比较的参照,所以不涉 及“更喜欢”,不符合


句子含义。因此,正确答案为


B






Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20


self-rule and democracy.




20.[A] puzzled by [B]hostile to [C]pessimistic about [D]unprepared for




20.


词汇辨析题本题目选择过去分词短语,在句子中构成被 动语态,充当谓语。句子叙


述到


Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was __


self-rule and democracy.


“平等的情绪通常被缓解,这是由于担心大众?自治和民主。”





选项


A. puzzled by


困惑


;




B. hostile to


敌对


;




C. pessimistic to


悲观


;




D. unprepared to


未准备好。





本段前文一直在提人人平等,


最后一 句指出一种担心情绪:


大众未对自治和民主做好准


备。


由于新的独立国家的人们刚刚摆脱了殖民统治,


因此人们还没有充分了解 和熟悉自治和


民主,这里使用


unprepared for< /p>


符合语境。因此,正确答案为


D






全文翻译到了


1830


年,原来的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地变成了独立的国家。 这些国家的


大约


2


千万居民对未来充满 期待。


许多独立国家的领导人在旧政权和伊比利亚殖民注意岌岌




8


页共


8< /p>




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!




可危时出生,他们都认同议会制政府,向人才开放职业,商业 贸易自由,私有财产所有权,


认为个人是社会的基础。


他们普遍 认为新国家应该是独立的主权国家,


足够大,


能够在经济


上切实可行,由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。





但是,


在 宗教自由和教会地位这个问题上,


各国领导人之间存在着分歧。


罗马天主教过


去是西班牙国教,


是唯一得到西班牙王室承认的宗 教。


多数领导人致力于保留天主教为新国


家的官方宗教,


而一些领导人致力于终结不能有其他宗教信仰的状况。


保卫教会成为保 守势


力的战斗口号。





独立国家早期领导者们的理想通常是平等主义,


重视一切平等。


玻利瓦尔得到海地的援


助,作为回报 ,他承诺在自己解放的地区废除奴隶制。到了


1854


年,除了 西班牙前殖民地


外,


奴隶制在其他地区都已被废除。

< p>
对结素印地安人的上贡问题和对混血人种的税收问题的


早期承诺较晚才实现 ,


这是因为新独立的国家仍然需要这些政策所带来的税收收入。


平等的


情绪通常由于担心大众没有准备好自治和民主而有所缓解。





Section II Reading Comprehension





Part A





Directions






Read the following four the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C


or your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)





Text 1





If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006



s World Cup


would most likely fend a noteworthy quirk



elite soccer players are more likely to


have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later you then examined the


European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks



you would find


this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.




What


might


account


for


this


strange


phenomenon?


Here


are


a


few


guesses



a)certain


astrological


signs


confer


superior


soccer


skills;b)winter-born


babies


tend


to


have


higher


oxygen


capacity,


which


increases


soccer


stamina;c)


soccer-mad


parents


are


more


likely


to


conceive


children in springtime



at the annual peak of soccer mania;d)none of the above.




Anders


Ericsson



a


58-year-old


psychology


professor


at


Florida


State


University,


says


he


believes


strongly


in



none


of


the


above.



Ericsson


grew


up


in


Sweden



and


studied


nuclear


engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he


switched to first experiment



nearly 30 years ago



involved memory



training a


person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers.



With the first subject



after about 20


hours of training



his digit span had risen from 7 to 20





Ericsson recalls.



He kept improving



and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.






This


success



coupled


with


later


research


showing


that


memory


itself


is


not


genetically


determined



led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise


than an intuitive other words



whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their


abilities to memorize



those differences are swamped by how well each person



encodes




the



the


best


way


to


learn


how


to


encode


information


meaningfully,


Ericsson


determined



was


a


process


known


as


deliberate


rate


practice


entails


more


than


simply repeating a , it involves sexing specific goals



obtaining immediate feedback


and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.




Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of




9


页共


9




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!




pursuits



including gather all the data they can



not just performance statistics and


biographical


details


but


also


the


results


of


their


own


laboratory


experiments



^rim


high


work makes a rather startling assertion



the trait we commonly call talent is highly




put


another


way,


expert


performers



whether


in


memory


or


surgery,


ballet


or


computer programming



are nearly always made



not born.


birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____.




A. stress the importance of professional training.




B. spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.




C. introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.




D. explain why some soccer teams play better than others.




word



mania

< p>


(Line 4



Paragraph 2) most probably means____.




A. fun B. craze C. hysteria D. excitement




ing to Ericsson



good memory____.




A. depends on meaningful processing of information.




B. results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.




C. is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.




D. requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.




on and his colleagues believe that____.




A. talent is a dominating factor for professional success.




B. biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.




C. the role of talent tends to be overlooked.




D. high achievers owe their Success mostly to nurture.




of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?




A.



Faith will move mountains.




B.



One reaps what one sows.






C.



Practice makes perfect.




D.



Like father



like son.






文章解析:根据中心统一原则确定,





文章首段主题句是


If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player, you


would most likely find a noteworthy quirk



elite soccer players are more likely to have been born


in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.


如果你查一下参加


2006


年世界杯足球


锦标赛的每位运动员的出生证明,


就极可能发现一个值得注意的奇怪现象:


出色的运动员一


般出生在一年内的前几个月而不是后几个月。





第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是


What might account for this strange phenomenon?




何解释这一奇怪现象呢


?




第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是


Anders Ericsson



a 58-year-old psychology professor at


Florida State University, says he believes strongly in



none of the above



. Anders Ericsson

< p>
是佛


罗里达州立大学的心理学教授,他坚信前三种推测不成立。

< p>




第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是


This success



coupled with later research showing that


memory itself is not genetically determined



led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is


more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.


后来进行的实验表明了记忆力本身不是由基


因决定的,这些结果与第一次实验的成功一起让


Ericsson


得出结论,记忆行为与其说是一


种直觉行为不如说是一种认知行为。





第五段确定 段落内容方向的语句是


Or



put


another


way,


expert


performers



whether


in


memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming



are nearly always made



not born.


换一种




10


页共


10




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!




方式来说,


那些专家级的从业者,无 论是记忆力超群者,


还是专家级外科医生,无论是卓越


的芭蕾舞 演员,还是出色的计算机程序员,他们几乎都是后天练就的,而非天生。





不难发现,这篇文章围绕着专家是如何培养出来的来展开。





题目解析:





21.


结构题


The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to_____.




选项


A. stress the importance of professional training.




强调职业培训的重要性。





B. spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.




突出世界杯中的超级巨星。





C. introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.




引出如何造就专家表现的主题。





D. explain why some soccer teams play better than others.




解释为什么一些球队比另外一些球队踢得好。





该题作为结构题将例子



The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players



定位到文


章第一段


I f you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006



s World Cup


tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk



elite soccer players are more likely to


have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later you then examined the


European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks



you would find


this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.


根据结构题方位论原则,


找例子对应的 论


点句。


整个第一段都是例子。例子后面相邻的段落,即第二段 是对这种现象解释的猜想。因


此,我们可以大胆得出结论,文章的结构可能是“分—总” 结构,文章主题体现在文章的尾


段中。尾段主题句为


Or



put another way, expert performers



whether in memory or surgery,


ballet or computer programming



are nearly always made



not born.



换一种方式来说,


那些专


家 级的从业者,


无论是记忆力超群者,还是专家级外科医生,


无论 是卓越的芭蕾舞演员,还


是出色的计算机程序员,他们几乎都是后天练就的,而非天生。 ”综上所述,正确答案为


C. introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.


引出如何造就专家表 现的主题。


(


补充:


文章首段


/


首句含义是什么


?


这 种提问方式确定答案对应文章的中心思想。


)




22.


识词题


The word



mania



( Line 4



Paragraph 2) most probably means_____.




选项


A. fun


娱乐



B. craze


狂燥,狂热





C. hysteria


歇斯底里



D. excitement


兴奋





该题将识别的词汇“


mania


”在文章中定位到第二段


What might account for this strange


phenomenon?


Here


are


a


few


guesses



a)certain


astrological


signs


confer


superior


soccer


skills;b)winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina;c)


soccer-mad


parents


are


more


likely


to


conceive


children


in


springtime



at


the


annual


peak


of


soccer mania;d)none of the above.


作为识词题,按照“方位论原则”:在识别词汇后面找表示


“解释说明,逻辑关系”


的表达,或者向前面找平行结构。在词汇后面 没有任何解释说明或


逻辑关系的表达。因此,向前面找平行结构


soccer-mad


parents


are


more


likely


to


conceive


children in springt ime



“对足球狂热的父母可能在春天这个一年之中足球狂热 的高峰期孕育


子女”。因此答案应选


B. craze


狂燥,狂热。





23.


细节题


According to Ericsson



good memory_____.




选项


A. depends on meaningful processing of information.




依靠有意义的信息处理过程。





B. results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.


< p>


11


页共


11




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!






由于天生而不是认知练习。





C. is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.




由基因决定而不是心理因素。





D. requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.




需要立刻反馈并且注意力高度集中。





该题利用“


Ericsson


”粗略定位到文章第三段


Anders Ericsson



a 58-year-old psychology


professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in



none of the above



. Ericsson


grew


up


in


Sweden



and


studied


nuclear


engineering


until


he


realized


he


would


have


more


opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to first experiment



nearly


30


years


ago



involved


memory



training


a


person


to hear


and


then


repeat


a


random


series


of


numbers.



With the first subject



after about 20 hours of training



his digit span had risen from 7


to 20





Ericsson recalls.



He kept improving



and after about 200 hours of training he had risen


to over 80 numbers.


”但是整个段落中没有出现定位词“


good memory


”。继续定位到文章第


四段



This


success



coupled


with


later


research


showing


that


memory


itself


is


not


genetically


determined



led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise


than an intuitive one.


“后来进行的实验表明了记忆力本身不是由基因决定的, 这些结果与第


一次实验的成功一起让


Ericsson


得出结论,记忆行为与其说是一种直觉行为不如说是一种


认知行为。” 选项


A. depends on meaningful processing of information.


依靠有意义的信息处理


过程, 与定位的语句动作“实验表明了记忆力本身不是由基因决定的,



Ericsson


得出结论


记忆行为 与其说是一种直觉行为不如说是一种认知行为”没有任何关联


;


选项


B. results from


intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.


由于天生而不是 认知练习,


与定位的语句动作


“实验表


明了记忆力本身不是由基因决定的,



Ericsson


得出结论记忆行为与其说是一种直觉行为不


如说是一种认知行为”< /p>


没有任何关联


;


选项

C. is determined by genetic rather than psychological


factors.


由基因决定而 不是心理因素,


与定位的语句动作


“实验表明了记忆力本身不是 由基因


决定的,



Ericsson


得出结论记忆行为与其说是一种直觉行为不如说是一种认知行为”没有

< br>任何关联


;


选项


D. requires immediate feedback and a high degree of c oncentration.


需要立刻反馈


并且注意力高度集中 ,与定位的语句动作“实验表明了记忆力本身不是由基因决定的,



Ericsson


得出结论记忆行为与其说是一种直觉行为不 如说是一种认知行为”没有任何关联。


该句子与四个选项没有直接联系,


作为细节题,


定位词所在的句子不能确定答案时,


向下 继


续找信息。


下面相邻的句子


In other words



whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit


in their abilities to memorize



those differences are swamped by how well each person



encodes




the information.


“换句话说,不管两个人在 记忆能力方面表现出来的先天差异有多大,这种


差异都会被每个人解码信息能力的强弱所 掩盖。



选项


A. depends on meaningful processing of


information .


依靠有意义的信息处理过程,


与相关信息句动作


“记忆能力的差异会被人的解码


信息能力的强弱所掩盖”相关联,动作“依靠 信息处理过程”对应于“被解码信息能力所掩


盖”


< p>
体现


“主动被动替换”


的关系

;


选项


B. results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.

< br>由于天生而不是认知练习,


与相关信息句动作


“记忆能力 的差异会被人的解码信息能力的强


弱所掩盖”没有任何关联


;< /p>


选项


C. is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.



基因决定而不是心理因素,


与相关信息句动作


“ 记忆能力的差异会被人的解码信息能力的强


弱所掩盖”没有任何关联

;


选项


D.


requires


immediate


feedback


and


a


high


degree


of


concent ration.


需要立刻反馈并且注意力高度集中,与相关信息句动作“记忆能力的差异 会被


人的解码信息能力的强弱所掩盖”


没有任何关联。


因此,


正确答案为


A. depends on meaningful


processing of information.


依靠有意义的信息处理过程。





12


页共


12




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!






24.


细节题


Ericsson and his colleagues believe that_____.




选项


A. talent is a dominating factor for professional success.




天赋是职业成功的决定因素。





B. biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.




生物表格中的数据是出色表现的关键。





C. the role of talent tends to be overlooked.




天赋的作用被忽略了。





D. high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.




卓越的成功者将其成功归咎与后天的培育。





该题利用定位词



Ericsson and his colleagues



定位到文章尾段


Ericsson and his colleagues


have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits



including


gather all the data they can



not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the


results of their own laboratory experiment with high work makes a rather startling


assertion



the


trait


we


commonly


call


talent


is


highly




put


another


way,


expert


performers



whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming



are nearly always


made



not born.


题目明确提问他们得出的结论是什么


?


因此段 落中,


段尾句


Or


< br>put another way,


expert performers



whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming



are nearly


always made



not b orn.


“换一种方式来说,那些专家级的从业者,无论是记忆力超群者,还

< p>
是专家级外科医生,


无论是卓越的芭蕾舞演员,


还 是出色的计算机程序员,


他们几乎都是后


天练就的,而非天生。 ”选项


A. talent is a dominating factor for professional success.


天赋是


职业成 功的决定因素,


与相关信息句动作


“专家级从业者几乎都是后天 练就的,


而非天生的”


完全相悖


;


选项


B. biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.


生物表格中的 数据


是出色表现的关键,与相关信息句动作“专家级从业者几乎都是后天练就的,而非天 生的”


没有任何关联


;


选项

< p>
C. the role of talent tends to be overlooked .


天赋的作用被忽略了,


与相关信


息句 动作“专家级从业者几乎都是后天练就的,而非天生的”没有任何关联


;


选项


D.


high


achievers owe their success mostly to n urture.


卓越的成功者将其成功归咎与后天的培育,与相


关信息句动作“专家级从业者几乎都是后天练就的,而非天生的”完全对应。因此,正确答


案为


D. high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.


卓越的成功者将其成功归咎与后天


的培育。





25.


主旨题


Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?




选项


A.



Faith will move mountains


”精诚所至,金石为开。





B.



One reaps what one sows


”一份耕耘,一份收获。





C.



Practice makes perfect


”熟能生巧。





D.



Like father



like son


”有其父必有其子。





作为主旨题要明确找到文章每个段落的主题句。


通过前面四道题目的定位和分析理解不


难发现文章的结构为“分—总”,文章 的主题体现在尾段的主题句中。因此,相关信息句仍


然是段尾句


Or



put


another


way,


expert


perfo rmers



whether


in


memory


or


surgery,


ballet


or


computer programming



are nearly always made



not born.


“换一种方式来说,那些专家级的


从业者,无论是记忆力超群者,


还是专家级外科医生,无论是卓越的芭蕾舞演员,


还是出色

< br>的计算机程序员,他们几乎都是后天练就的,而非天生。”因此,正确答案为


C.



Practice


makes p erfect



熟能生巧。


(


补充:


本题目作为主旨题也可以用中心统一原则提炼的确定各段


内容方向的语句来确定答案。


)




全文翻译如果你查一下参加


2006


年世界杯足球锦标赛的每位运动员的出生证明,就极




13


页共


13




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!




可能发现一个值得注意的怪现象:


出 色的足球运动员往往出生在一年内的前几个月而不是后


几个月。


如果你再查一下为世界杯和职业球队输送球员的欧洲国家青年队的出生证明,


你就


会发现这一现象更加明显。





如果何解释这一怪现象呢


?


这里有几种猜测:


1)


某些星象迹象赋予这些人 出色的球技


;2)


冬天出生的孩子氧容量高,因此踢足球的耐力 好


;3)


对足球狂热的父母更可能在春天这个一


年之中足球狂热的高峰期孕育子女


;4)


以上猜测都不 成立。





Anders


Ericsson


是佛 罗里达州立大学的心理学教授,他坚信前三种推测均不成立。


Ericsson


在瑞典长大,开始时学习核工程,直到他意识到如果自己改学心理学,就会有更多


的机会进行自己的研究。大约


30


年前他做了第一个实 验,与记忆力相关:训练一个人听,


然后复述一组随机的数字。他回忆到:“在经过大约


20


个小时的训练后,第一个受试者的


数字记忆跨度从


7


个上升至


20


个,他不断地进步,在经过大约


200


个小时 的训练后,他记


忆的数字超过了


80


个 。”





后 来进行的实验表明了记忆力本身不是由基因决定的,


这些结果与第一次实验的成功一


起让


Ericsson


得出结论,


记忆行为与其说是一种直觉行为,


不如说是一种认知行为。


换句话


说,


不管两个人的记忆能力方面表现出来的先 天差异有多大,


这些差异都会被每个人解码信


息能力的强弱所掩 盖。


Ericsson


认为,


学习有意 义地解码信息的最好方式就是一个被称为


“有


意练习”


的过程。


“有意练习”


需要的不仅仅是简单的重 复一项任务,


而是要确立特定目标,


获得即时反馈,既关注结果 又关注技巧。




< br>因而,


Ericsson


和他的同事开始研究不同领域的 技艺精湛的从业者,包括足球运动员。


他们收集所有能够得到的数据,

< br>不仅是他们的表现数据,


个人生活细节内容,


还包括对于 那


些取得大成就的人的实验研究结果。


他们的研究结论令人吃惊 :


我们对通常认为的天赋评价


过高。换一种方式来说,那些专家 级的从业者,无论记忆力超群者,还是专家级外科医生,


无论是卓越的芭蕾舞演员还是出 色的计算机程序员,


他们几乎都是后天练就的,


而非天生的。< /p>





Text 2





For the past several years



the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column


called



Ask Marilyn.



People are invited to query Marilyn VOS at age 10 had tested


at a mental level of someone about 23 years old;that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever


tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies



to envision paper after it has


been folded and cut



and to deduce numerical other similar it is a bit


confusing when V


os Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100) as



What



s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It



s


not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to


answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.




Clearly, intelligence encompasses more that a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be


smart? How


much


of


intelligence


can


be


specified



and


how


much


can


we


learn


about


it


from


neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?




The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score



even though IQ


tests are not given as often as they used to test comes primarily in two forms



the Stanford


?


Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children



s


version).Generally


costing


several


hundred


dollars.


they


are


usually


given


only


by


psycholog ists



although


variations


of


them


populate


bookstores


and


the


Wide


igh


scores 1ike Vos Savant



s are no longer possible



because scoring is now based on a statistical


population


distribution


among


age


peers



rather


than


simply


dividing


the


mental


age


by


the




14


页共


14




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!




chronological


age


and


multiplying


by



standardized


tests



such


as


the


Scholastic


Assessment Test (SAT)and the Graduate Record Exam(GRE)



capture the main aspects of IQ tests.




Such


standardized


tests


may


not


assess


all


the


important


elements


necessary


to


succeed


in


school


and


in



Robert



his


article



How


Intelligent


Is


Intelligence


Testing?


”,


Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to


measure creativity and practical knowledge



components also critical to problem solving and life


er,


IQ


tests


do


not


necessarily


predict


so


well


once


populations


or


situations


ch has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low


stress conditions



but under high stress conditions



IQ was negatively correlated with leadership



that is, it predicted the who has toiled through SAT will testify that test taking


skill also matters



whether it



s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.




of the following may be required in an intelligence test?




A. Answering philosophical questions.




B. Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.




C. Telling the differences between certain concepts.




D. Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.




can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?




A. People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.




B. More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.




C. The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.




D. Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.




nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as Vos Savant



s because____.




A. the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.




B. creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.




C. Vos Savant



s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.




D. the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.




can conclude from the last paragraph that____.




A. test scores may not be reliable indicators of one



s ability.




B. IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.




C. testing involves a lot of guesswork.




D. traditional tests are out of date.




is the author



s attitude towards IQ tests?




A. Supportive B. Skeptical C. Impartial D. Biased




文章解析:根据中心统一原则确定,





文章首段主题句是


For the past several years



the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has


featured a column called




Ask Marilyn



.


在过去的几年里 ,周日增刊


Parade


报纸中有一个


特写专栏“向


Marilyn


提问”。





第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是


Clearly, intelligence encompasses more that a score on


a test.


显然,智力所包含的远不只是测试中的分数。





第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是


The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems


to be the IQ score



even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.

< br>虽然智商测试不


像过去用的那样多了,但是对人类智力定义的仍然是智商数。





第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是


Such standardized tests may not assess all the important




15


页共


15




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!




elements necessary to succeed in school and in Robert erg


认为 ,这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素。





不难发现,这篇文章围绕着测试智商和智商数来展开。





题目解析:





26.


细节题


Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?




选项


A. Answering philosophical questions.




回答哲学问题。





B. Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.




将纸折或剪成不同形状。





C. Telling the differences between certain concepts.




区分特定概念的差别。





D. Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.




选择与给定内容相同的字或图。





该题利用定位词“


intelligence test


”定位到文章第一段


IQ tests ask you to complete verbal


and visual analogies



to envision paper after it has been folded and cut



and to deduce numerical


other similar tasks.


“智商测试要求 你完成语言和视觉类推,


想象纸在折叠之


后和剪裁之后的形状, 推断数字顺序以及其他的一些类似的任务。”选项


A.


Answering


philosophical ques tions.


回答哲学问题,与相关信息句动作“完成语言和视觉类推,想象纸在


折叠之后的形状,推断数字顺序等”没有任何关联


;

< br>选项


B.


Folding


or


cutting


paper


into


different shapes.


将纸折或剪成不同形状,与相关信息句动作“完成语言和视觉类推,想象纸


在 折叠之后的形状,推断数字顺序等”没有任何关联


;


选项


C. Telling the differences between


certain concepts.


区分特定概念的差别,与 相关信息句动作“完成语言和视觉类推,想象纸在


折叠之后的形状,

推断数字顺序等”


没有任何关联


;


选项


D. Choosing words or graphs similar to


the given ones.


选择与给定内容相同的 字或图,


与相关信息句动作


“完成语言和视觉类推,

< p>


象纸在折叠之后的形状,推断数字顺序等”相关联,动作“择与给定内容 相同的字或图”对


应于


“想象纸在折叠之后的形状”

< p>
体现


“同意替换”


的关系。


因此,


正确答案为


D. Choosing


words or graphs similar to the given ones.


选择与给定内容相同的字或图。





27.


细节题


What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?




选项


A. People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.




人们不再用智商值表示智力了。





B. More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.




网上有更多版本的智商测试。





C. The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.




成人和儿童的测试内容和公式可能是不同的。





D. Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.




科学家已经定义了人类智力的重要因素。





该题利用定位词

< br>“


intelligence testing



定位到文章第三段


The defining term of intelligence


in humans still seems to be the IQ score



even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used


to



test


comes


primarily


in


two


forms



the


Stanford


Binet


Intelligence


Scale


and


the


Wechsler


Intelligence


Scales


(both


come


in


adult


and


children



s


version).Generally


costing


several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists



although variations of them


populate


bookstores


and


the


Wide


igh


scores


1ike


V


os


Savant



s


are


no


longer


possible



because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers




16


页共


16


< br>


凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!




rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by


standardized


tests



such


as


the


Scholastic


Assessment


Test


(SAT)and


the


Graduate


Record


Exam(GRE)



capture


the


main


aspects


of


IQ


tests.

< p>
段落中前两句提到了定位词“


intelligence


testing




第一句< /p>


The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score



even


though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be .


“虽然智商测试不像过去用的那样多


了,但是对人类智力定义 的仍然是智商数。”选项


A.


People


no


longer


use


IQ


scores


as


an


indicator of intelligence .


人们不再用智商值表示智力了,


与该句的动作


“虽然智商测试不像过


去用的那样多了,


但是对人类智 力定义的仍然是智商数”


没有任何关联


;


选项


B. More versions


of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.


网上有更多版本的智商测试,


与该句的动作


“虽然

< p>
智商测试不像过去用的那样多了,但是对人类智力定义的仍然是智商数”没有任何关联


;




C. The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.


成人和儿童的测试内


容和 公式可能是不同的,


与该句的动作


“虽然智商测试不像过去用的 那样多了,


但是对人类


智力定义的仍然是智商数”没有任何关联


;


选项


D.


Scientists


have


defined


the


important


elements of human intelligence.


科学家已经定义了人类智力的重要因素,与该句的动作


“虽然


智商测试不像过去用的那样多了,


但 是对人类智力定义的仍然是智商数”


似乎有关联,


但是


句子叙述到“定义智商的是智商数”,而该选项叙述到“定义人类智力的重要因素”,显然


完全没有联系。


该句与四个选项没有直接关系作为细节题向下继续判断 相关信息句。


第二句


The test comes primarily


in two forms



the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler


Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children



s version).


“测试主要有两种形式:


一种是


Stanfor d Binet


智力量表,一种是


Wechsler

< p>
智力量表


(


两个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本


)


。”


选项


A. People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.


人们不再用智商值表示智


力了,与 相关信息句动作“测试主要有两种形式,一种是


Stanford

Binet


智力量表,一种是


Wechsler

< p>
智力量表


(


两个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本


)



没有任何关联


;


选项


B. More versions


of IQ tests are now available on the In ternet.


网上有更多版本的智商测试,与相关信息句动作


“测试主要有两种形式,


一种是


Stanford Binet


智力量表,


一种是


Wechsler< /p>


智力量表


(


两个量


表均有成人和儿童两个版本


)


”没有任何关联


;


选项


C. The test contents and formats for adults


and


children


may


be < /p>


different.


成人和儿童的测试内容和公式可能是不同的 ,与相关信息句动


作“测试主要有两种形式,一种是


Stanf ord Binet


智力量表,一种是


Wechsler


智力量表


(


两个


量表 均有成人和儿童两个版本


)


”相关联,动作“成人和儿童的测试 内容和公式可能是不同


的”


对应于


“两 个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本”


;


选项


D. Scientists have defined the important


elements of human intelligence.

< br>科学家已经定义了人类智力的重要因素与相关信息句动作


“测

试主要有两种形式,


一种是


Stanford Binet


智力量表,


一种是


Wechsler< /p>


智力量表


(


两个量表均

< br>有成人和儿童两个版本


)



没有 任何关联。


因此,


正确答案为


C. The test contents and formats for


adults and children may be different.


成人和儿童的测试内容和公式可能是不同的。





28.


细节题


People


nowadays


can


no


longer


achieve


IQ


scores


as


high


as


V


os


Savant



s


because_____.




选项


A. the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.




分数值是通过不同的计算程序获得的。





B. creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.




强调的是创造力而不是分析能力。





C. Vos Savant



s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.




V


os Savant


的案例是个极端的案例而且不会重复。





D. the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.




17


页共


17




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!






智商测试的特色已经发生了变化。





该题利用定位词



IQ scores as high as V


os Savant



s



定位到文章第三段


Su per high scores


1ike V


os Savant



s are no longer possible



because scoring is now based on a statistical population


distribution among age peers



rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age


and multiplying by 100.


“像


vos Savant


那 样的超高分数不可能再出现了,这是因为现在的计


分是建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字 的基础之上的,


而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄


再乘以


100


得出的数值。”选项


A.


the


scores


are


obtained


through


different


computational


procedures.


分数值是通过不同的计算程序获得的,与相关信 息句动作“现在的计分是建立在


同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的,


而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以


100


得 出的数值”相关联,动作“分数值是通过不同的计算程序获得的”对应于“现在的计分是


建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的”



体现


“同意替换”


的关系


;


选项


B. creativity


rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.


强调的 是创造力而不是分析能力,


与相关信息句


动作

< br>“现在的计分是建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的,


而不仅仅是用智 力年


龄除以生理年龄再乘以


100


得出 的数值”没有任何关联


;


选项


C.


V


os


Savant



s


case


is


an


extreme one that will not Savant


的案例是个极端的案例而且不会重复,与相关信息


句动作

“现在的计分是建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的,


而不仅仅是用智力


年龄除以生理年龄再乘以


100


得出的 数值”


没有任何关联


;


选项

< p>
D. the defining characteristic of


IQ tests has changed.


智商测试的特色 已经发生了变化,与相关信息句动作“现在的计分是建


立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的 基础之上的,


而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以


100


得出的数值”


没有任何关联。


因此,< /p>


正确答案为


A. the scores are obtained through different


computational procedures.


分数值是通过不同的计算程序获得的。





29.


推断题


We can conclude from the last paragraph that_____.




选项


A. test scores may not be reliable indicators of one



s ability.




测试值不能可靠的反映一个人的能力。





B. IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.




智商值和


SAT

的结果是紧密关联的。





C. testing involves a lot of guesswork.




测试包括许多猜测。





D. traditional tests are out of date.




传统测试已经过时了。





该题目作为推断题,


要明确找到指定 的最后一段的主题句。


根据


“主题句


- --


细节句原则”



文章尾段



Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed


in


school


and


in



Robert



his


article



How


Intelligent


Is


Intelligence


Testing?


”,


Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to


measure creativity and practical knowledge



components also critical to problem solving and life


er,


IQ


tests


do


not


necessarily


predict


so


well


once


populations


or


situations


ch has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low


stress conditions



but under high stress conditions



IQ was negatively correlated with leadership



that is, it predicted the who has toiled through SAT will testify that test taking


skill also matters



whether it



s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.


段落中间没有


转折词,段落尾句


Anyone


who


has


toiled


through


SAT


will


testify


that


test


taking


skill


also


matters



whether it



s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.


“任何一个考过


SA


T



人都可以证实,< /p>


考试技巧也是有关系的,


要知道何时猜测,


要跳过什么问题。



明确是细节。




18


页共


1 8




凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!




因此,段落的主题句为段首句


Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements


necessary to succeed in school and in Robert erg.



Robert erg


认为 ,



些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要 的所有重要因素。



选项


A. test


scores may not be reliable indicators of one



s ability.


测试值不能可靠的反映一个人的能力,与


相关信息句动作


“这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要

因素”相关联,动作“测试值不能可靠的反映一个人的能力”对应于“不会评估对在学校和

< br>生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素”



体现

< p>
“同意替换”


的关系


;


选 项


B. IQ scores and SAT


results are highly correlated.

智商值和


SA


T


的结果是紧密关联 的,与相关信息句动作“这些标


准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的 所有重要因素”没有任何关联


;



项< /p>


C. testing involves a lot of guesswork.< /p>


测试包括许多猜测,与相关信息句动作“这些标准化


考试可能不会 评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素”没有任何关联


;

< br>选项


D.


traditional tests are out of date.


传统测试已经过时了,与相关信息句动作“这些标准 化考试可


能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素”

< br>没有任何关联。


因此,


正确答


案 为


A. test scores may not be reliable indicators of one



s ability.


测试值不能可靠的反映一个人


的能力。





30.


主旨题


What is the author



s attitude towards IQ tests?




选项


A. Supportive


支持的



B. Skeptical


怀疑的





C. Impartial


不偏不倚的



D. Biased


偏见的





该题作为主旨题表示作者观点态度的题目,


要明确找到文章尾段 的主题句或者倒数第二


段的主题句。文章尾段主题句为


Such


standardized


tests


may


not


assess


all


the


important


elements necessary to succeed in school and in Robert erg.



Robert e rg


认为,


这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得 成功必要的所有重要因素。




见,作 者的态度是不确定的,因此,正确答案为


B. Skeptical


怀疑的。





全文翻译在过去的几年里,周日增刊


Parade


报纸有一个名为“向玛里琳提问”的特写


专栏。人们被邀请向


Marilyn vos Aavant


提问,她在


1 0


岁时就参加了大约


23


岁人的智力测


试,得出智商为


228


,那是有记录以 来的最高分。智商测试让你完成语言和视觉类推,想象


纸在折叠之后和剪裁之后的样子, 推论数字顺序以及其他一些类似的任务。因此当


Savant


即 时回复来自普通人的一些问题时有点儿令人困惑,


这些问题诸如:


爱和喜欢之间的区别是


什么


?


运气和 巧合的本质是什么


?


而那种想象物体和计算数字模式的能力如何 让人能够回答


连一些最好的诗人和哲学家都避之惟恐不及的问题,这还不够明朗。





显然,智力所 包含的远不只是测试中的分数。那么聪明意味着什么呢


?


智力中 有多大比


例能够详细进行解释呢


?


我们 又能够从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学和其他领域对智力了解


多少呢

?




虽然智商测试不像过去用 的那样多了,


对人类智力进行定义的仍然是智商数。


测试主要< /p>


采用两种形式:一种是斯坦福—比奈智力量表,一种是温切斯勒智力量表

< br>(


两个量表均有成


人和儿童两个版本

)


。尽管这两种测试的改编版在书店和互联网上占有一席之地,它们通常

< p>
只由心理学家进行测试,花费为几百美元。像


vos Savant


那样的超高分数不再可能出现,这


是因为现在的计分建立在同龄人的人 口分布统计数学的基础上,


而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以


胜利年龄 再乘以


100


。其他一些标准化考试,如


SA


T



GRE

,借鉴了智商测试的主要方面。





Robert J .Sternberg

< br>认为,


这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要


的所有重要因素。在他的“智商测试有多明智”一文中,


Sternberg


指出传统的考试很好地


评价了分析和语言能力,


而没有评估创造力和实践知识,


而后者对解决问题和在生活中取得


成功至关重要。


此外,一旦人口或环境发生改变,


智 商测试就测得不准确了。研究表明当智



19


页共


19


< br>


凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!




商测试在压力小的环境下进行时,


它 能预测领导能力。


当智商测试在压力大的环境下进行时,


智商与 领导力负相关,即它预测的内容正好相反。任何一个考过


SA


T


的人都可以证实,考


试技巧也是有关系的,要知道何时猜测,要 跳过什么问题。





Text 3





During the past generation



the American family that once could count on hard


work


and


fair


play


to


keep itself


financially


secure


has been


transformed


by


economic


risk


and


new a pink slip



a bad diagnosis



or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from


solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.




In just one generation



millions of mothers have gone to work



transforming basic family


rs



policym akers



and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications


Of these few have looked at the side effect



family risk has risen as



s


families have budgeted to the limits of their new ck a result



they have lost


the


parachute


they


once


had


in


times


of


financial


setback-a



earner(usually


Morn)who


could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell



added worker


effect




could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to


help families weather



bad today



a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made


up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.




During


the


same


es


have


been


asked


to


absorb


much


more


risk


in


their


retirement orkers



airline employees



and now those in the auto industry are joining


millions of families who must worry about interest rates



stock market fluctuation



and the harsh


reality that they may outlive their retirement much of the past year



President Bush


campaigned to move Social Security to a Savings account model



with retirees trading much or all


of


their


guaranteed


payments


for


payments


depending


on


investment



younger


families



the picture is not any the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne


by families have risen and newly fashionable health- savings plans are spreading from legislative


halls to Wal-Mart workers



with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk


for families




future demographics are working against the middle class family



as the odds of having a weak elderly parent



and all the attendant need for physical and financial


assistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation.




From the middle class family perspective



much of this



understandably, looks far less like an


opportunity


to


exercise


more


financial


responsibility,


and


a


good


deal


more


like


a


frightening


acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened


financial fallout has begun



and the political fallout may not be far behind.






s double income families are at greater financial risk in that____.




A. the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.




B. their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.




C. they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.




D. they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.




a result of President Bush



s reform



retired people may have____.




A. a higher sense of security. B. less secured payments.




C. less chance to invest. D. a guaranteed future.




ing to the author, health savings plans will____.




A. help reduce the cost of healthcare. B. popularize among the middle class.




20


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20



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-


-


-


-


-


-


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