-
THE MAKING OF A NATION #10 - The French and
Indian War
(THEME)
VOICE
ONE:
This is Rich Kleinfeldt.
VOICE TWO:
And this is Sarah
Long with the MAKING OF A NATION, A VOA Special
English
program about the history of
the United States.
(THEME)
Today, we tell about the conflicts
among the nations in Europe during the
eighteenth century and how they
affected North America.
VOICE ONE:
During the Eighteenth Century, Spain,
France and Britain controlled land in
North America. Spain controlled
Florida. France was powerful in the northern
and central areas. Britain controlled
the east. All three nations knew they could
not exist together peacefully in North
America. The situation could only be
settled by war.
十八世纪，
西班牙、
法国和英国控制了北美洲的土地。西班牙控制的佛罗里达州。
法国在北
部和中部地区势力强大。
英国控制东部
。
这三个国家都知道他们不能在北美洲和平共处。
局
势只有通过战争才能解决。
The
powerful European nations already were fighting
each other for land and
money all over
the world. These small wars continued for more
than
one-hundred years. They were
called King William's War, Queen Anne's War,
King George's War and the French and
Indian War.
强大的欧洲国家已经在世界各地争夺土地和金钱。
这些小规模战争持续了一百多年。
他们被
称为
King
William
的战争，阙恩安讷的战争，
King Geor
ge
的战争和法国和印第安的战
争。
VOICE TWO:
The French and
Indian War was fought to decide if Britain or
France would be the
strong power in
North America. France and its colonists and Indian
allies fought
against Britain, its
colonists and Indian allies.
法国和印度的战争是为
了决定英国或法国是否将成为美国北部的强国。
法国及其殖民者和印
度盟友与英国、殖民者和印度盟友进行了斗争。
The
war began with conflicts about land. French
explorers had been the first
Europeans
in the areas around the Great Lakes and the Ohio
and Mississippi
rivers. France had sent
traders and trappers to these territories and had
established trading centers there.
战争开始于土地冲突。
法国探险家是大湖区和俄亥俄河和密西西比河沿岸
地区的第一批欧洲
人。法国派到这些领土的商人和使用，建立了交易中心。
Britain claimed the same land.
When the king gave land in North America to
someone, the land was considered to
extend from east coast to west coast,
even though no one knew where the west
coast was. The land along the east
coast had become crowded, and settlers
were moving west. White people were
destroying the Indians' hunting areas.
And Indians became worried that they
would lose the use of their land.
英国声称拥有同样的这片土地。
当国王把北美洲的土地交给某人时，
这块土地被认为是从东
海岸延伸到西海岸，
尽
管没有人知道西海岸是什么地方。
东海岸的土地变得拥挤，
居民
们向
西迁移。白人正在破坏印第安人的狩猎区。印第安人担心他们会失去土地的使用权。
VOICE ONE:
The
Indian tribes may have been able to resist the
people moving west if they
had been
united. But their own conflicts kept the Indian
groups apart. When
Britain and France
started fighting each other, some Indians helped
the British.
Others helped the French.
如果印第安人团结在一起的话，
他们也许能够抵抗向西移动的人
们。
但他们自己的冲突使印
度集团分裂。
当英国和法国开始互相争斗时，
一些印第安人帮助英国人。
其
他人帮助法国人。
The French settlers
lived mainly in what was called New France. Today
it is part
of Canada. Life there was
different from life in the British colonies to the
south.
There was no religious freedom,
for example. All settlers in French territories
had to be French and belong to the
Roman Catholic Church. So, many French
people who belonged to Protestant
churches settled in the British colonies.
< br>法国殖民者主要生活在被称为新法兰西的地方。
今天它是加拿大的一部分。
那里的生活与英
国南部殖民地的生活是不同的。
没有宗教自由，
例如。
所有在法国领土的定居者都必须是法<
/p>
国人，属于罗马天主教会。因此，许多属于新教教堂的法国人定居在英国殖民地。
France also did not like the
fact that the British paid the Indians high prices
for
animal furs. France was more
interested in the fur trade than in settling the
land.
The British hurt the French
traders' business when they bought fur from the
Indians.
法国也不喜欢英国人给印第安人高价购买动
物皮毛这一事实。
法国对皮毛贸易更感兴趣，
而
不是定居土地。英国人从印第安人那里买毛皮衣服时损害了法国商人的生意。
VOICE TWO:
One of the French
trading forts was built in the area where the city
of Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania is today.
The French called it Fort Duquesne (Doo-kane). The
British claimed it was in Virginia and
that the land belonged to them. In
Seventeen-Fifty-Four, the governor of
Virginia sent a twenty-one-year-old
colonist named George Washington to
tell the French to get out. This was the
same George Washington who would later
become the first President of the
United States.
一个法国的贸易堡垒建于区，
匹兹堡市，
宾夕法尼亚是今天。
法国称它为迪凯纳堡垒（斗凯<
/p>
恩）
。
英国人声称这是在
Virginia
，
那片土地属于他们。
17504
，
Virginia
州州长派遣
1201
岁的殖民者乔治·华盛顿告诉法国走出
。这就是后来成为美国第一任总统的乔治·华盛顿。
The
French refused to leave Fort Duquesne. So
Washington and
one-hundred-fifty men
tried to force them out. They attacked a group of
Fenchmen and killed ten of them. The
French and Indian War had begun.
法国拒绝离开
Fort Duquesne
。因此，华盛顿和一百五十名男子试图迫使他们离开。他们
袭击了
< br>Fenchmen
的一批十人死亡。法国和印度的战争已经开始。
VOICE ONE:
British
troops under the command of General Edward
Braddock joined George
Washington at
Fort Duquesne. The British general expected to
fight the way
battles were fought in
Europe. There, troops lined up on open fields and
fired
their weapons as they marched
toward each other. The French and Indians did
not fight this way. They hid in the
woods. They wore clothes that made them
difficult to see. They shot at the
British from behind trees. The British had more
troops than the other side. But the
French and Indians won the battle of Fort
Duquesne. General Braddock was killed.
英军
Edward
Braddock
将军的指挥下参加了乔治·华盛顿在
Fort
Duquesne
。英国将军
预计将在欧洲作战。
在那里，军队列队在开阔的田野上，
当他们向对方行进时开火。法国人
和印第安人并不是这样战斗的。
他们躲在树林里。
他们穿的衣服让人看不清。
他们从树背后
向英军射击。
英国的兵力比另一边的多。
但法国和印地安人赢得迪凯纳堡垒战斗。
布拉多克
将军被杀。
VOICE TWO: