-
名词单复数的讲解!!
1.
1.
不规则复数形式
1
)来自古英语的复数形式,如:
child---children
louse---
lice
ox---oxen
parenthesis
---parentheses
hypothesis---hypotheses
phenomenon---phenomena
nucleus---nuclei
larva---
larvae
alga---algae
foot---
feet
mouse---mice
penny---
pence
basis---bases
axis---
axes
criterion---criteria
fungus---fungi
focus---foci
formula---formulae
tooth---
teeth
woman---women
appendix---appendices
ellipsis---ellipses
oasis---
oases
medium---media
stimulus---stimuli
radius---
radii
goose---geese
man---men
analysis---
analyses
crisis----crises
datum---data
bacterium---
bacteria
alumnus---alumni
terminus---termini
当代美国英语中往往把
data
当做单数用,因此常见
到复数形式
datas
。
另外,
lens
是一个单数可数名词,其复数形式为
lenses
。
1
< br>)词尾读音为
[f]
并以-
f<
/p>
或
0
-
fe
p>
结尾的名词复数形式有以下几种情况:
a
)规则形式:
belief---beliefs
chief----chiefs
cliff----cliffs
gri
ef----
griefs
b
)不规则形式,即把-
f
或-
fe
变成-
< br>v
,再加-
es,
读音为
[vz]:
calf---calves
half---halves
leaf----leaves
life
----lives
loaf---loaves
self---shelves
thief---thieves
wife
---wives
wolf---wolves <
/p>
c
)既可是规则形式又可是不规则形式:
dwarf---dwarfs/dwarves
hoof---hoofs/hoves
scarf---
scarfs/scarves
wharf---
wharfs/wharves
3
)词干以-
o
结尾的名次有三种情况:
a
)附属形式为-
s
:这类词包括缩略
词
kilos, photos
;表示
国籍或民族
的词
Filipinos,
Eskimos
以及
radios, solos,
sopranos, studios
b
)复数形式为-
p>
es
,如:
heroes,
potatoes, tomatoes, Negroes
。
c
)复数有规则的和不规则的两种形式,如:
< br>
cargo---cargos/cargoes
mosquito---mosquitos/mosquitoes
volcan
o---
volacbos/volcanoes
2.
2.
单复数同形的名词
1
)某些动物名词,如:
deer,
grouse, salmon, trout, carp, bison,
sheep
等
2
)以-
ese
或-
ss
结尾的表示
民族
或
国籍<
/p>
的名词,如:
Chinses, Japanese,
Portuguese, Swiss,
Vietnamese
等
3
)某些以-
s
结尾的名词,如:
barracks,corps,crossroads,gallows,headquarters
,means,series,speci
es,works
等
4
)某些表示计量单位的名词,如:
horsepower, hertz, kilohertz, li,
mu
等
5)
其他一些名词,如:
aircraft, spacercarft, craft,
offspring
等。其中请特
别注意-
s
结尾的单复数同形的名词,它们是考试的重点!!
3.
不可数名词
不可数名词前一般不需要加定冠词,永远不能加不定冠词!
例如下列用法均属错误:
the
mathematics
the banking
a cloth
an equipment
不可数名词作主语,谓语要用单数形式。
如:
Water is important.
但如果不可数名词前面被
piece,drop,set
等词修饰时,谓语应该与
piece,drop,set
等
的单复数形式保持一致。例如:
Few drops of water are
needed to save the flower.
下面是典型的不可数名词,是应该熟记的!!
air,smoke,steam,vapor,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen
,water,oil,soup,jui
ce,ink,rain,snow,ice
,tea,coffee,wine,sunlight,sunshine,lightning,thun<
/p>
der,weather,darkness,heat,light,electric
ity,energy,power,sugar,salt,
rice,corn,p
owder,flour,sand,dust,dirt,garbage,grass,hair,furn
iture,
luggage,clothing,mail,equipment,
food,meat,fruit,bread,toast,stone,i
ron,
copper,chalk,paper,glass,wood,money,poetry,jewelry
,machinery
,weaponry,personnel,scenery,h
appiness,kindness,honesty,friendship
,at
tention,wisdom,success,courage,bravery,health,weal
th,Ignorance
,trouble,ease,luck,laughter
,love,peace,news,information,knowledge,
intelligence,fun,pleasure,entertainment,enjoyment,
recreation,relaxa
tion,progress,room,wor
k,homework,population,percent,mathematic
s,econmics,statistics,meteorology,anthropology,ar
chitecture,physics
,photography,ethics,p
olitics,mechanics,genetics,geology,geography,
chemistry,philosophy,biology,history,music,
English,measles,mumps,