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（一）人称代词
一、概念
人称代词是表示我、你、他
/
她
/
它、我们、你们和（他
/
她
/
它）们的词。人称代词有人称、
格和数的变化
.
二、人称代词的用法
1
．一般情况下，人称代词的主格作主语，放在句子的开头。
I am a teacher.
我是一名教师。
（
I
是主语
）
You are 11
years old.
你
11
岁了。
（
You
是主语）
He is my friend.
他是我的朋友。
（
He
是主语）
It is hot today.
今天天气热。
（
It
是主语）
2
．
宾格作宾语，
通常放在动词，
如：
let, like, help,give,ask
等的后面；
或介词，
如：
for, to,
of,at
等的后面。
Can you help me
？你能帮我吗？（
me
是宾语）
The cake is for you.
这个蛋糕是给你
的。
（
you
是宾语）
3
．作表语（用主格，口
语中常用宾格）
Who is
that
？
It's
me
（
I
）
.
是谁啊？是我。
三、注意
1
．人称代词
I
无论放在句首、句中或
句尾，都要大写。
2
．人称代词
she
除了指女性“她”之外，还可以指
祖国、月亮等拟人的东西。
如：
I love my country. She is
great.
The moon is in the
sky. She is round and bright.
< br>四、
It
的特殊用法
1
．一般情况下，
< br>it
表示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”
< br>。
Where is
your car
？
It is over there.
你的小汽车在哪儿？（它）在那边。
2
．但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用
it
来代替，此时的
it
，并不译为
“它”
。
1
）指天气
:It is sunny
today.
今天阳光灿烂。
2
）指气候
:It's cold
in this room.
这个房间很冷。
3
）指时间
:What time
is it
？
It's six thirty.
几点了？六点半了。
4
）指距离
:How far is
it from here to the park
？
从这儿到公园有多远？
It's
about two miles.
大约是二英里。
五、人称的习惯顺序：
如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语，且用
and
，
or
连接时，习惯顺序是：单数：
yo
u
，
he
，
a
nd I
复数：
we
，
you
，
and
they
但是，如果是做错事，承担责任时，有时，说话的
人把
I
放在第一位。
Who broke the
window
？谁打碎了玻璃？
I and Li
Ming.
我和李明
.
（二）物主代词
< br>表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，
也可叫做代词所有格。
物主代词分形容性物主代词和名
词性物主代词二种，物主代词也有人称和数的变化。<
/p>
通过观察上表，我们发现，除了
my
的名词性物主代词是
mine,
his
和
its
的
名词性和形容词
性相同外，其他的名词性物主代词都是在对应的形容词性物主代词后面加
“
s
”变成的。形
容词性物主代词用来
修饰名词，
表示是属于谁的东西。
名词性物主代词等于对应的形
容词性
物主代词加一个名词。如：
This is her book. = This book is hers.
Are these your pens? = Are
these pens yours?
（三）替代词
替代词用来替代前面已经提到过的人或事物，来避免重复这一名词。最典型的替代词有
one
和
ones
。
one
用来替代表示单数的人或事，
ones
用来替代表示复数的人或事物。
如：
There is a post office
near my home. There is one near our school,
too.(one = post office)
词类
英语名称
意
义
例
词
名词
The Noun (
缩写为
n)
表示人或事物的名称
Basket,
mouth, hospital, year, train
冠词
The Article
(art)
用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物
a, an, the
代词
The Pronoun
(pron)
用来代替名词、形容词或数词
They, his, him, mine, which, all
形容词
The
Adjective
(adj)
用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征
Long,
empty,
heavy,
different, cheap,
hungry
数词
The Numeral (num)
表示数量或顺序
Three,
thirteen, twenty, second
动词
The Verb (v)
表示动作或状态
Hear,
write, swim, eat, borrow, sing
副词
The
Adverb
(adv)
修饰动词、形容词或其他副词
Quickly,
early,
out,
soon,
then,
sometimes
介词
The
Preposition
(prep)
表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系
From,
with,
at,
into,
behind, between, for
连词
The Conjunction (conj)
用来连接词与词、
短语与短语或句与句
And, or, but, so, because
感叹词
The
Interjection
(interj)
表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感
Oh,
hey,
ouch,
well,
there,
dear
下面是一些比较典型的“陷阱”题目，请大家做做看：
1. Mr. Wang made up his
mind to devote all he could _ his oral English
before going abroad.
A.
improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving
2. Everything he --away
from him before he returned to his hometown.
A. took B. had been taken
C. had had been taken D. had taken
3. Before he went abroad, he spent as
much time as he --English.
A. could learning B. learned C. to
learn D. could learn
4. You
can never imagine what great difficulty I have
_your house.
A. found B.
finding C. to find D. for finding
5. The person we spoke to _no answer at
first
．
A
．
making
B
．
makes
C
．
make
D
．
made
6. The person we referred
to
（提及）
_us a report
tomorrow
．
A
．
giving
B
．
will give
C
．
gave
D
．
give
7. The days we have been looking
forward to
（）
soon
．
A
．
coming
B
．
will come
C
．
came
D
．
have come
8. The person we talked about
（）
our school last
week
．
A
．
visiting
B
．
will visit
C
．
visited
D
．
has visited
9. The man whose songs we are fond of
（）
in our city
next week
．
A
．
singing
B
．
to sing
C
．
will sing
D
．
sang
10. Not only _the jewelry she
（）
been sold for her son's
gambling debts but also her
house
．
A
．
is
；
has B
．
has
；
had C
．
has
；
has D
．／；
has
11. _in thought, he almost
ran into the car in front of him. (NMET96)
A. Losing B. Having lost C.
Lost D. To lose
research
is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to
change it.
（
NMET2002
< br>）
初中英语重要句型
as soon
as
as…as…
as…as possible
ask sb. for sth.
ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth.
ask/tell sb. not to do sth.
be afraid of doing sth./
that…
初中英语重要句型
8. be busy doing sth.
9. be famous/ late/ ready/
sorry for…
10. be glad
that…
11. buy/ give/ show/
bring/ lend/ send/ pass/
tell…sth to sb.
/ give/ show/ send/ pass/ bring/ lend/
tell sb. sth.
初中英语重要句型
13. either …or…
/ hate/ like/ finish/ stop/ mind/ keep/
go on doing sth.
15. find it+ do sth.
+
比较级
17. get ready for/ get sth.
ready
18. had better (not)
do sth.
初中英语重要句型
19. help sb. (to) do / help
sb. with…
20. I don't think
that…
21. I would like to/
Would you like to..
22. is
one of the +
最高级
+
名
词复数
23. It is
+adj. for sb. to do sth.
24. It is a good idea to do sth.
25. It is the second +
最高级
+
名词
初中英语重要句型
26. It looks like…/ It
sounds like…
27. It seems
to sb. that…
28. It sounds
+adj./ It looks+adj.
29. It
takes sb. some time to do sth.
30. It's bad/ good for …
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