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外文翻译
ENGLISH
：
Develop
Web
application
program
using
ASP
the
architecture
that
must
first establish Web
application. Now in application frequently with to
have two:
The architecture of C/S and
the architecture of B/S.
Client/server and customer end / server
hold the architecture of C/S.
The customer / server structure of two
floor.
Customer / server (
Client/Server ) model is a kind of good software
architecture,
it is the one of best
application pattern of network. From technology,
see that it is a
logic concept, denote
will a application many tasks of decomposing
difference carry
out
,
common
completion
is
entire
to
apply
the
function
of
task.
On
each
network
main computer of web site, resource (
hardware, software and data ) divide into step,
is
not
balanced,
under
customer
/
server
structure,
without
the
client
computer
of
resource through sending
request to the server that has resource , get
resource request,
so
meet
the
resource
distribution
in
network
not
balancedness.
With
this
kind
of
structure, can synthesize various
computers to
cooperate with
work, let
it each can,
realize the scale for the
system
of computer
optimization ( Rightsizing ) with
scale
reduce to melt (
Downsizing ). Picture is as follows:
It is most of to divide
into computer network application into two, in
which the
resource and function that
part supports many users to share , it is realized
by server;
Another
part
faces
every
user
,
is
realized
by
client
computer,
also
namely,
client
computer is usual to carry out
proscenium function , realizes man-machine
interaction
through user interface , or
is the application program of specific conducted
user. And
server usually carries out
the function of backstage supporter , manages the
outside
request concerning seting up,
accepting and replying user that shared. For a
computer,
it can have double function ,
is being certain and momentary to carve to act as
server ,
and again becomes client
computer in another time.
Customer
/
server
type
computer
divide
into
two
kinds,
one
side
who
offers
service is called as server , asks one
side of service to be called as customer. To be
able to offer service, server one side
must have certain hardware and corresponding
server
software;
Also,
customer
one
side
must
also
have
certain
hardware
and
corresponding customer software.
There
must
be
a
agreement
between
server
and
customer,
both
sides
communicate according to this
agreement.
Apply
customer
/
server
model
in
Internet
service
,
the
relation
between
1
customer and server is not
immutable. Some Internet node offers service on
the one
hand
,
also
gets
service
on
the
other
hand
from
other
node;
It
is
even
in
one
time
dialogue
course,
mutual
role
also
exchanges
probably.
As
in
carry
out
file
transmission , if be called as one side
who offers file server, is called as one side who
gets
file customer, when
using
get
or mget order
since
another node takes file, can
think that what self use and it is
client computer , is using put or mput order to
another
node dispatch file can again
think the machine that used self is server.
Multilayer customer /
server structure
Along with
the development of enterprise application,
recently, have again arisen
a
kind
of
new
multilayer
architecture,
it
applies
customer
end
to
divide
into
two
minutes: Customer application and
server apply. Customer application is the part of
original customer application , is
another and partial to have been transfered to
server
to
apply.
New
customer
application
takes
the
responsibility
for
user
interface
and
simple regular business
logic
and new server
application resident core ,
changeable
business logic.
Therefore its structure has become new ( Client
application + Server
application
)/Server structure. Following picture shows:
This kind of
structure has solved traditional Client/Server can
expand problem,
have
reduced
customer
end
business
logic
,
and
have
reduced
the
requirement
of
customer
end
for
hardware.
At
the
same
time
because
of
a
lot
of
business
logic
concentrations have
gone to
unitary application
server on, the maintenance work of
application system had been also
concentrated together, have eliminated the problem
in the traditional structure of
Client/Server that software distributes.
This kind of
structure is called as the architecture
of B/S.
Browser/Server and
browser / server hold
the
architecture of B/S.
On
essence,
Browser/Server
is
also
a
kind
of
structure
of
Client/Server,
it
is
a
kind
of
from
the
traditional
two
levels
of
structural
development
of
Client/Server
come
to
the
three-layer structural special case of
Client/Server that applied on Web.
In
the
system
of
Browser/Server,
user
can
pass
through
browser
to
a
lot
of
servers
that
spread
on
network
to
send
request.
The
structure
of
Browser/Server
is
maximum to have simplified the work of
client computer, on client computer, need to
install and deploy few customer end
software only , server will bear more work, for
database visit and apply program carry
out will in server finish.
2
Under
the
three-layer
architecture
of
Browser/Server,
express
layer
(
Presentatioon ) , function layer ( Business Logic
) , data layer ( Data Service ) have
been cut the unit of 3 relative
independences:
It is the
first layer of to express layer: Web browser.
In expressing layer contain
system show logic, locate in customer end. It's
task is
to
suggest
by
Web
browser
to
the
certain
a
Web
server
on
network
that
service
is
asked
, after verifying for user identity, Web server
delivers needed homepage with
HTTP
agreement
to
customer
end,
client
computer
accept
the
homepage
file
that
passed , and show it in
Web browser on.
Second
layer function layer: Have the Web server of the
application function of
program
extension.
In function
layer contain the systematic handling of general
affairs logic, locate
in Web server
end. It's task is the request concerning accepting
user , need to be first
conducted and
corresponding to expand application program and
database to carry out
connection ,
passes through the waies such as SQL to database
server to put forward
data handling to
apply for, then etc. database server the result of
handling data submit
to Web server,
deliver again by Web server to return customer
end.
The number of plies of
3th according to layer: Database server.
In data layer contain
systematic data handling logic, locate in database
server end.
It's task is to accept the
request that Web server controls for database,
realization is
inquired and modified
for database , update etc. function, submit
operation result to
Web server.
Careful
analysis
is
been
easy
to
see
,
the
architecture
of
Browser/Server
of
three-layer
is
the
handling
of
general
affairs
of
the
two
levels
of
structure
of
Client/Server logic modular from the
task of client computer in split , from the first
floor of individual composition bear
the pressure of its task and such client computer
have alleviated greatly, distribute
load balancedly and have given Web server, so from
the
structural
change
of
Client/server
of
original
two
floor
the
structure
of
Browser/Server
of
three-layer.
This
kind
of
three-
layer
architecture
following
picture shows.
This
kind
of
structure
not
only
client
computer
from
heavy
burden
and
the
requirement of
performance that rises continuously for it in
liberation come out , also
defend
technology
people
from
heavy
maintenance
upgrading
work
in
free
oneself.
Since
client
computer
handles
general
affairs
,
logic
partial
minutes
have
given
function server, make client computer
right
off
slender
take the
responsibility
for
handling
complex
calculation
and
data
again
visit
etc.
crucial
general affairs, is responsible to show
part, so, maintenance people do not rush about
again for the maintenance work of
program between every client computer, and put
major energy in
the program
on
function server update
work.
Between
this kind
of
three-layer
structural
layer
and
layer,
the
mutually
independent
change
of
any
first
floor does not affect the function of
other layer. It has changed the defect of the two
levels of architecture of Client/Server
of tradition from foundation, it is the transform
with deep once in application
systematic architecture.
The contrast of two architectures
3
The
architecture
of
Browser/Server
and
the
architecture
of
Client/Server
compare with all advantages that not
only have the architecture of Client/Server and
also have the architecture of
Clinet/Server the unique advantage that place does
not
have:
Open
standard:
The
standard
adopted
by
Client/Server
only
in
department
unification for
but, it's application is often for special
purpose.
It is lower to
develop and defend cost: It need to be implemented
on all client
computers
that
the
application
of
Client/Server
must
develop
the
customer
end
software for special purpose, no matter
installation and disposition escalate still, have
wasted
manpower
and
material
resources
maximumly.
The
application
of
Browser/Server need in
customer end have general browser , defend and
escalate to
work in server end go on ,
need not carry out any change as customer holds ,
have
reduced the cost of development
and maintenance so greatly.
It is simple to use , interface
friendly: The interface of the user of
Client/Server is
decided
by
customer
end
software,
interface
and
the
method
of
its
use
are
not
identical
each,
per
popularize
a
system
of
Client/Server
ask
user
study
from
the
beginning, is
hard to
use. The interface
of the user of
Browser/Server is
unified on
browser,
browser
is
easy
to
use
,
interface
friendly,
must
not
study
use
again
other
software, the use of a Lao Yong Yi that
has solved user problem.
Customer end detumescence: The customer
end of Client/Server has the function
that shows and handles data , as the
requirement of customer end is a client computer
the
responsibility
for
database
again
and
the
etc.
task
of
complex
data
calculation,
need it only show , the powerful role
that has played server fully is so large to have
reduced the requirement for customer
end, customer end become very
System
is
flexible:
The
3
minutes
of
the
system
of
Client/Server,
in
modular,
have
the
part
that
need
to
change
to
want
relation
to
the
change
of
other
modular,
make system very difficult upgrading.
The 3 minutes of the system of Browser/Server
modular
relative
independence,
in
which
a
part
of
modular
change,
other
modular
does not get
influence, it is very easy that system improve to
become, and can form
the system with
much better performance with the product of
different manufacturer.
Ensure
systematic
safety:
In
the
system
of
Client/Server,
directly
join
with
database server because of client
computer, user can very easily change the data on
server,
can
not
guarantee
systematic
safety.
The
system
of
Browser/Server
has
increased a level of Web server between
client computer and database server , makes
two not to be directly linked again,
client computer can not be directly controled for
database, prevent user efficiently
invade illegally.
The
architecture
of
Browser/Server
of
three-layer
has
the
advantage
that
a
lot
of
traditional
architectures
of
Client/Server
does
not
have
,
and
is
close
to
have
combined
the
technology
of
Internet/Intranet,
is
that
the
tendency
of
technical
development tends to , it application
system tape into one brand-new develop times.
From this us option the configuration
of B/S the architecture that develops as
system.
what are
C/S with B/S
4
For
clear that 3 problems.
( 1 ) What is the structure
of C/S.
C/S
(
Client/Server
)
structure,
the
server
structure
and
client
computer
that
all
know
well.
It
is
software
systematic
architecture,
through
it
can
hold
hardware
environment fully using two advantage,
realize task reasonable distribution to Client
end and Server end , have reduced
systematic communication expense. Now, the most
systems
of
application
software
are
the
two
levels
of
structure
of
the
form
of
Client/Server
,
are
developing
to
the
Web
application
of
distribution
type
since
current software
application is systematic, Web and the application
of Client/Server
can
carry
out
same
business
handling
,
apply
different
modular
to
share
logic
assembly; Therefore it is systematic
that built-in and external user can visit new and
existing application , through the
logic in existing application system, can expand
new
application system. This is also
present application system develop direction.
Traditional
C
／
S
architecture
though
adopting
is
open
pattern,
but
this
is
the
openness
that system develops a level , in specific
application no matter Client end or
Server
end
the
software
that
need
to
still
specify
support.
Because
of
the
software
software
that
need
to
develop
different
edition
according
to
the
different
system
of
operating system that can not offer the
structure of C/S and the open environment of
user genuine expectation , besides, the
renovation of product is very rapid, is nearly
impossible to already meet the 100
computer above users of local area network at the
same time use. Price has low efficiency
high. If my courtyard uses , Shanghai exceed
the orchid company's management
software
／
S
architecture management software.
( 2 ) What is the structure
of B/S.
B/S (
Browser/Server ) structure browser and server
structure. It is along with the
technology of Internet spring up , it
is for the structure of improvement or a kind of
change of the structure of C/S. Under
this kind of structure, user working interface is
to
realize
through
WWW
browser,
lose
the
logic
of
general
affairs
very
much
in
front( Browser)
realization, but the major logic of general
affairs in server end( Server)
realization, form the three-layer
claimed 3-tier structure. So, have simplified
customer
5
end
computer load greatly , have alleviated system to
defend workload and the cost
with
upgrading
,
have
reduced
the
overall
cost
of
user
(
TCO
).
With
present
technology
see
,
local
area
network
the
network
application
that
establishes
the
structure
of
B/S
,
and
under
the
pattern
of
Internet/Intranet,
database
application
is
easy to hold relatively ,
cost also is lower. It is that oneness goes to the
development
of position , can realize
different people, never same place, with
difference receive the
way
of
entering
(
for
example
LAN,
WAN,
Internet/Intranet
etc.)
visit
and
operate
common
database;
It
can
protect
data
platform
efficiently
with
management
visit
limits of authority,
server database is also safe. Now in my courtyard,
net ( Intranet ) ,
outer
net
(
Internet
)
with
Beijing
eastern
clear
big
company
law
case
and
the
management software of official
business
B/S
,
policemen
each
working
station
in
local
area
network
pass
through
WWW
browser
can
realize
working
business.
Especially
in
JAVA
step
platform
language
appearance after, the configuration
management software of B/S is more facilitated ,
is shortcut, efficient.
( 3 ) The management software
technology of main stream.
The
technology
of
main
stream
of
management
software
technology
is
as
management
thought
,
have
also
gone
through
3
develop
period.
First,
interface
technology goes to Windows graph
interface ( or graph user interface GUI ) from
last
century DOS character interface,
till Browser browser interface 3 differences
develop
period. Secondly, today own the
browser interface of computer, is not only visual
and
is easy to use , what is more major
is that any its style of application software
based
on browser platform is as, make
the requirement of choosing a person for the job
for
operating training not high and
software operability is strong , is easy to
distinguish;
Moreover platform
architecture the file that also goes to today from
past single user
development
／
server ( F
／
S ) system and
client computer
／
server ( C
／
S )
system and browser
／
server ( B
／
S ) system.
The comparison of
C/S and B/S
C/S
and
B/S
is
the
now
world
two
technologies
of
main
stream
of
developing
pattern
technical
configuration.
C/S
is
that
American
Borland
company
researches
and
develop
most
early,
B/S
is
that
American
Microsoft
researches
and
6
develop. Now this two technologies with
quilt world countries grasp , it is many that
domestic
company
produce
article
with
C/S
and
the
technical
development
of
B/S.
This two technologies
have the certain market share of self , is with
customer crowd ,
each domestic
enterprise says that own management software
configuration technical
function is
powerful, advanced, convenient , the customer
group that can lift , have a
crowd
scholar ink guest to shake flag self cry out ,
advertisement flies all over the sky ,
may be called benevolent to see kernel,
sage sees wisdom
C/S configures
inferior position and the advantage of software
( 1 ) Application server
operation data load is
light
comparatively.
The
database
application
of
the
most
simple
architecture
of
C/S
is
become
by
two partial groups,
customer applies program and database server
program. Both can
be called as
proscenium program and the program of backstage
supporter respectively.
The machine of
operation database server program is also called
as application server.
Once
server
program
had
been
started
,
waits
the
request
concerning
responding
customer program
hair at any time; Customer application program
operation can be
called
as
customer
computer
on
the
own
computer
of
user,
in
correspondence
with
database server, when
needs carry out any operation for the data in
database, customer
program seeks server
program voluntarily , and sends request to it,
server program is
regular
as
basis
intends
to
make
to
reply,
send
to
return
result,
application
server
operation data load
is lighter.
( 2 ) Data
store management function relatively transparent.
In database application
data store management function, is carried out
respectively
independently
by
server
program
and
customer
application
program
,
is
regular
as
proscenium
application
can
violate
,
and
usually
those
different(
no
matter
is
have
known
still
unknown
)
operations
data,
in
server
program,
do
not
concentrate
realization, for
instance visit limits of authority, serial number
can be repeated , must
have customer
talent establishment the rule order. It is these
to own , for the last user
that works
on proscenium program is
not usually
also interfere ) the course of behind, can
complete own all work. In the
application of customer server
configuration proscenium program not is very
7
troublesome
matter is delivered to server and network. In the
system of C/S take off ,
database can
not become public really , professionally more
competent storehouse, it
gets
independent special management.
(
3
)
The
inferior
position
of
the
configuration
of
C/S
is
high
maintenance
cost
make investment just big.
First, with the configuration of C/S,
will select proper database platform to realize
the genuine
two lands
complete deliver by database system go to manage,
but the logically two
operators
of
land
will
directly
visit
a
same
database
to
realize
efficiently
,
have
so
some
problems,
if
needs
establishment
the
data
synchronism
of
real
time
the
database
server that must establish real time communication
connection between two
places and
maintains two lands is online to run , network
management staff will again
want
to
defend
and
manage
for
customer
end
as
server
defends
management
,
maintenance
and
complex
tech
support
and
the
investment
of
this
high
needs
have
very high cost,
maintenance task is measured.
Secondly,
the
software
of
the
structure
of
C/S
of
tradition
need
to
develop
the
software of different edition according
to the different system of operating system , is
very
rapid
because
of
the
renovation
of
product,
price
is
working
needs
high
with
inefficient already do not meet. In
JAVA step platform language appearance after, the
configuration of B/S is more vigorous
impact C/S , and forms threat and challenge for
it. .
The advantage of B/S
configuration software
( 1
) The Maintenance of inferior position and
upgrading way are simple.
Now upgrading and the improvement of
software system more and more frequently,
the product of the configuration of B/S
embodies more convenient property obviously.
For
one
a
little
a
little
bit
big
unit
,
if
systematic
administrator
needs
,
between
hundreds of 1000 even last computers
round trip run , efficiency and workload is to
can
imagine,
but
the
configuration
of
B/S
software
needs
management
server
have
been
all right , all customer ends are browser only,
need not do any maintenance at all.
No
matter the scale of user has , is what , has how
many branch will not increase any
workload of maintenance upgrading , is
all to operate needs to aim at server to go on;
8
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