哥特式建筑英文翻译

专业英语翻译第十篇——

Further

Reading

(1):

Gothic

Architecture

< br>深入阅读（

1

）

：哥特式建筑< /p>

建筑

091

班

Gothic architecture

is a style

of

architecture which flourished during

the

high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was

succeeded by Renaissance architecture.

哥特 式建筑是一种兴盛于中世纪高峰和晚期的建筑风格。

哥特式建筑是从罗马建筑

Originating

in

12th-century

France

and

lasting

into

the

16th

century,

Gothic

architecture

was

known

during

the

period

as

“

the

French

Style

”

,

with

the

term

Gothic

first

appearing

during

the

latter

part

of

the

Renaissance

as

a

stylistic

insult. Its characteristic features include

the pointed arch, the ribbed

vault

and the flying buttress.

哥特式建筑发展于

12

世纪的法国并且持续到第十六世纪，哥特式建筑在此期间被

称为

“

法国式

”

，哥特这个词第 一次出现在文艺复兴后期并且带有一定的贬义色彩。哥特

式建筑的特点包括有尖券、骨架 券和飞扶壁。

Gothic

architecture

is

most

familiar

as

the

architecture

of

many

of

the

great

cathedrals, abbeys and parish churches of Europe. It is also the architecture

of many castles, palaces, town halls, universities, and to a less prominent

extent, private dwellings.

哥 德式建筑最常见于欧洲著名的大教堂、修道院和教区教堂。同时，这种建筑风格

也应用到 了许多城堡、宫殿、城镇的会堂、大学以及尺度较小的私人住宅。

It

is

in

the

great

churches

and

cathedrals

and

in

a

number

of

civic

buildings

that

the

Gothic

style

was

expressed

most

powerfully,

its

characteristics

lending

themselves

to

appeal

to

the

emotions.

A

great

number

of

ecclesiastical

buildings

remain from this period, of which even the smallest are often structures of

architectural distinction while many of the larger churches are considered

priceless works of art and are listed with UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. For

this

reason

a

study

of

Gothic

architecture

is

largely

a

study

of

cathedrals

and

churches.

哥特式建筑在著名的教堂、大教堂和一些 市政建筑中，哥特式风格得到了充分的体

现和表达，它的建筑特点符合了人们的情感需要 。这个时期保留了大量的基督教建筑，

这些建筑对于研究教堂的结构具有较大的意义，< /p>

被联合国教课文化组织认为是无价的艺

术品并列为世界遗产地。因 此学习哥特式建筑主要就是学习大教堂和教堂。

Characteristics of Gothic churches and cathedrals

哥特式教堂和大教堂的特点

In

Gothic

architecture,

a

unique

combination

of

existing

technologies

established the emergence of a new building style. Those technologies were the

ogival or pointed arch, the ribbed vault, and the flying buttress. The Gothic

style, when applied to an ecclesiastical building, emphasizes verticality and

light.

This

appearance

was

achieved

by

the

development

of

certain

architectural

features,

which

together

provided

an

engineering

solution.

The

structural

jparts

of the building ceased to be its solid walls, and became a stone skeleton

comprising clustered columns, pointed ribbed vaults and flying buttresses.

在哥 德式建筑中，独特的、成熟的技术结构决定了一种新的建筑风格的出现。这些

技术是有尖 顶拱的尖券、骨架券和飞扶壁。当哥特式风格应用到宗教建筑中时，很强调

垂直感和纤细 。这种外观是由某一建筑特色发展而来的，还需要有技术和工程施工方案

的支撑。建筑的 部分结构去掉了实体墙，而是变成了一系列的石柱、骨架券和飞扶壁。

A Gothic cathedral or abbey was, prior to the 20th century, generally the

landmark building in its town, rising high above all the domestic structures

and

often

surmounted

by

one

or

more

towers

and

pinnacles

and

perhaps

tall

spires.

在二十世纪之前，哥特式大教堂或者修道院往 往是城镇的地标性建筑，建筑的一个

或者多个小尖塔或者高塔尖要高于国内其它建筑物。

Plan

平面图

Most Gothic churches, unless they are entitled chapels, are of the Latin

cross (or

“

cruciform

”

) plan, with a long nave making the body of the church,

a transverse arm called the transept and, beyond it, an extension which may be

called the choir, chancel or

presbytery. There are

several regional variations

on this plan.

大多数哥特式教堂，它们除了被 称为小教堂，都是拉丁十字或十字平面之外，它们

都有一个中厅，横向伸臂两端的空间叫 做十字耳堂，延长突出的那一端，有可能是唱诗

班区、高坛、或者是内殿。这几个部分在 这个拉丁十子平面上不断变化。

The

nave

is

generally

flanked

on

either

side

by

aisles,

usually

singly,

but

sometimes double. The nave is generally considerably taller than the aisles,

having

clerestory

windows

which

light

the

central

space.

Gothic

churches

of

the

Germanic tradition, like St. Stephen of Vienna, often have nave and aisles of

similar height. In the South of France there is often a single wide nave and

no aisles, as at Sainte-Marie in Saint- Bertrand-de-Comminges.

中殿通常是作为两边空间作为平面上 交通的通道，

一般设置一个，

有时候设置两个。

中殿的层高一般要高于侧廊，在中殿顶部中间的位置设置有采光的天窗。德国的哥特式

< br>教堂，如圣史蒂芬维也纳，也有类似高度的中殿和侧廊。在法国，哥特式教堂通常仅仅

有一个宽敞的中殿而没有侧廊，例如圣·贝特朗·德科曼的圣玛丽教堂。

In some churches with double aisles, like Notre Dame, Paris, the transept

does not project beyond the aisles. In English cathedrals transepts tend to

project boldly and there may be two of them, as at Salisbury Cathedral, though

this is not the case with lesser churches.

在一些教堂中有两条侧廊，

例如巴黎圣母 院，

它的十字耳堂在设计上没有超过侧廊。

在英国，大教堂的十 字耳堂设计趋于大胆彰显并且成双存在，例如索尔兹伯里大教堂，

这种情况并非存在于少 数的教堂。

The eastern arm shows considerable diversity. In England it is generally

long

and

may

have

two

distinct

sections,

both

choir

and

presbytery.

It

is

often

square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In

France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called

an

ambulatory

and

sometimes

a

ring

of

chapels

called

a

“

chevet

< br>”

.

While

German

churches

are

often

similar

to

those

of

France,

in

Italy,

the

eastern

projection

beyond the transept is usually just a shallow apsidal chapel containing the

sanctuary, as at Florence Cathedral.

教堂的东臂体现出相当大的差异。