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Unit 13 We are trying to save the earth!
词句精讲精
词汇精讲
1.
advantage
advantage
是名词,意为“优点;好处;有利条件
”
。例如:
This bicycle has many advantages.
这辆自行车有许多优点。
Studying English has many advantages.
学习英语有许多好处。
【拓展】
disadvant
age
是
advantage
的反义词
,意为“缺点;弊端;不利条件”
。例如:
When you visit France, it is a
disadvantage if you cannot speak French.
当你访问法国时,如果你不会讲法语,那可是个不利条件。
2. instead of
instead of
是介词短语,意为“代替,而不是”<
/p>
,后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名词、代词、动词
-ing<
/p>
形式等作为介词宾语。例如:
He went to the cinema instead of going to school.
他去了电影院而不是学校。
【拓展】
(1) instead<
/p>
作副词,意为“代替,而不是”
,常用作状语。例如:
He is tired. Let me go
instead.
他累了,让我替他去吧。
She never studies. Instead, she
plays tennis all day.
她从不学习,而是整天打网球。
(2
)instead
和
instead
of
的辨析:
instea
d
是副词,后面不接其他的词,一般情况下可不译出,通常放在句首或句末,在句首时常
用逗号隔
开,表示前面的事没做,而做了后面的事。例如:
He didn
’
t go to
school. Instead, he went to the cinema.
他没有去学校,相反他去了电影院。
Instead of lending a hand, he laughed
at us.
他不仅没有帮我们一把,反而嘲笑我们。
3. cut off
cut of
f
是固定搭配,意为“切除;切掉”
。例如:
< br>
The slide cut off the valley
from the rest of the world.
山崩切断了这个山谷与外界的联系。
【拓展】
“动词
+
off
”构成的短语有:
take
off
起飞,脱下
put off
推迟
turn off
关闭
get off
下车
fall off
…从……掉下来
break
off
终止
pay off
付清
4. make a
difference
make a difference
< br>意为“起作用,有影响”
。例如:
The fact that I can now organize
my own time makes a big difference.
现在我能自己安排时间了,这对我有很大的作用。
Whatever you can do can make a
difference.
无论你能做什么,都会带来不同。
5. the number of
the number of
意为“……的数量”
,后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
The number of people speaking Chinese
is larger than that of those speaking English.
说汉语
的人数要大于说英语的人数。
【拓展】
a
number
of
意为
“许多”
,
后面接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词
用复数形式。
number
前面可以用
large
,
great
,
small
等修饰,构成
a large
number of; a small number
of
等。例如:
I
have a number of letters to write.
我有许多信件要写。
A
large number of students in our school are from
the countryside.
我们学校许多学生来自农村。
A small number of students in our class went
swimming yesterday.
昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。
6. although
alt
hough
的意思相当于
though
,意为“尽管,虽然”
,用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列
连词
but; and;
so
等连用,但可以和
yet;
still
等词连用。例如:
Although he lives alone, he
doesn
’
t feel lonely.= He
lives alone, but he doesn
’
t
feel lonely.
虽然他一个人住,但他并不感到孤独。
There is air all around us, although we
cannot see it.
虽然我们看不见空气,但空气却存在于我们的周围。
【拓展】
although
与
< br>though
的辨析:
(1)
用作连词,表示“虽然”
,二者可以互换使用,但
although
比
though
< br>更为正式。例如:
Though/Although it was raining, we still went
there.
虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那里。
(2) although
一般不用作副词,而
though
可用作副词,且一般放在句末(不放在句首)
,意为“可是,不
过”
。例如:
It
’
s hard work; I
enjoy it, though.
工作很辛苦,可是我很喜欢。
We
all tried our best. We lost the game, though.
我们都尽力最大努力,但我们还是输了。
(3)
在
as though(
p>
好像,仿佛
)
,
e
ven though(
即使,纵然
)
等固定短语中不能用
although
。例如:
He talks as though he knew
everything.
他夸夸其谈,好像无所不知。
7. take part in
take part in
意为“参加”
,常指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等,往往指参加者持有积极
的态度,起一
定作用。
take part
in
之后接名词或动名词。例如:
I
didn
’
t take part in the
sports meeting yesterday because I was ill.
我没有参加昨天的运动会,因为我病了。
Everyone can take part in gardening.
每个人都可以参加到园艺活动中来。
【拓展】
join
是动词,意为“加入”
。指加入某一党派、组织或社会团体,以及参军等,并成为其中一
员。其后常出现
p>
club, army, team,
group
以及人称代词宾格等。例如:
join the swimming club
参加游泳俱乐部
join the
army
参军
join us
加入到我们的行列
8.
afford
afford
常用
作及物动词,意为“买
(
经受
)
得起……;给予,提供”,其后常接名词、代词或动词不定
式作宾语,
afford
后还可接双宾语。
This kind of computer is too expensive
and I can't afford
it
.这种电脑太贵了,我买不起。
At last I can afford a
watch
.我终于买得起一只手表了。
I could not afford so much money for a
bicycle
.我出不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。
I'll afford you a
chance
.我将给你提供一个机会。
词汇精练
I.
英汉互译。
1. make a difference ______________
2. cut off ______________ 3. lead
to______________
4. be
full of ______________ 5. take part
in______________
6.
关闭
______________
7. hear of ______________ 8.
扔掉
______________
9.
对
…
…
有
害
___
___________
2
10. be made of ______________
II.
根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. I have a simple and easy
m___________ to solve the problem.
2. We shouldn
’
t
be ___________ (
残忍的
) to
animals.
3.
It
’
s h___________ to your
health to drink too much.
4. The
city is the ___________ (
工业
)
center of the country.
5. The car is
too expensive, I can
’
t
a___________ it.
6.
Don
’
t
throw
___________
(
垃圾
)
everywhere.
7.
In
winter,
many
people
burn
c___________
to
keep
warm.
8.
The
police
found
a
body
at
the
___________
(
底部
)
of
the
lake.
9.
The
___________
(
费用
)
of
living
in
big
cities
is
very
high.
10.
He
keeps
a
rabbit
in
a
big
___________
(
木制的
)
box.
III.
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.
The
old
man
used
___________
(be)
a
teacher.
2.
We
should
___________
(clean)
the
room
every
day.
3.
Look!
Tom
___________
(sleep)
in
his
room.
4.
Lots
of
trees
___________
(plant)
on
the
hill
every
year.
5.
He
___________
(live)
here
for
20
years.
参考答案
I.
英汉互译。
1.
起作用,有影响
2.
切除,切掉
3.
导致
4.
充满……
5.
参加
6. turn off
7.
听说
8. throw away 9.
be harmful to 10.
由……制成
II.
根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. method 2. cruel 3. harmful
4. industry 5. afford 6. litter
7. coal 8. bottom 9. cost 10. wooden
III.
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. to be 2. clean 3. is sleeping 4. are
planted 5. has lived
句式精讲
1.
And
remember
to
throw
rubbish
in
the
bins
and
keep
public
places
clean
and
beautiful
for
everyone.
reme
mber
作动词,意为“记得”
。与
f
orget
意思相反。例如:
Please remember his name.
请记得他的名字。
【拓展】
(
1
)
remember to do sth.
表示“记得要做某事”
,事情还没有做。例如:
Remember to turn off the light when you
leave.
离开时记得关灯。
(
2
)
remember doing
sth.
表示“记得曾经做过某事”
,事情已经做过了。例如:
He remembered going
to Shanghai with his parents when he was five
years old.
他记得五岁时曾经和父母去过上海。
2. Many have heard of shark fin soup.
hear of
意为“听说,
听到”
,相当于
hear
about
。
例如:
I have
never heard of him.
我从来没听人说起过他。
【拓展】
hear; hear
of
与
hear
from
的辨析:
3
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