英语论文：外来语对英语词汇的影响(规范英文版)

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南华大学外国语学院学期论文

1. Introduction

Because of political, economic and cultural exchanges as well as military, technological

and other factors, a national language into another nation, result in the loan words. Today the

world’s main language, without exception, have loan words component, which is one of the

language

development

process,

it

can

be

said

that

no

one

language

is

a

purely

national

character

(

马学良

, 1997)

. Borrowed from one language to another language’s content, its

main purpose seems to be twofold: (1) to expand and absorb new content and the meaning of

the concept that not in the original language; (2) to reflect the contents of the new things more

accurately, vividly and visually. Any language has the loan words exist, and the number of

loan words, especially in English, as many as this is a rare phenomenon in the world language.

According to the Oxford Dictionary, as the international language, English totally has more

than 100 million entries, in which loan words are over 50 million, loan words made up almost

half the English. Shows that the loan words in English have a pivotal position, they have a

great

impact

on

English

vocabulary,

mastering

the

loan

words

has

great

help

in

learning

Engli sh.

（曾传生，

1997

）

2. The Origin of Loan Words in English

2.1 The loan words from Latin

Latin loan words were absorbed the English vocabulary at different times. Before the

Anglo-Saxon

invaded

to

England,

Latin

had

been

worked

in

English

vocabulary.

AD

597

Roman Catholicism was brought to Britain

(

於奇

, 1999)

, Latin had more profound impact

to

English

and

become

the

largest

component

of

English

foreign

language

(Thomas

Pyles,

1971).

These

words

are

mainly

religious,

family

life,

food,

trade

and

military

activities

vocabulary. Most of these early loan words have disappeared, surviving words are: disciple

(one

of

the

Twelve

Apostles

of

Jesus),

hymn,

martyr,

nun,

and

after

deformation,

such

as:

ancor (anchor), flasce (flask), and so on.

2.2 The loan words from Greece

Because

Greek

culture

as

early

as

the

Roman

culture,

many

Greek

words

were

borrowed into Latin, the same as English vocabulary. Among them, mostly are Technology

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南华大学外国语学院学期论文

terminology and Medical terminology.

Such as:

cardiology, hepatitis, heliosis, heliotherapy,

stethoscope, and so on. People is not only borrow Greek word from Greek directly, but also

more is borrowed the Greek word prefix and suffix. Because a few dozen words can often be

derived

from

one

prefix

or

suffix

(

方梦之

, 2004)

.

At

present,

the

Greek

prefix

with

borrowed English words constitute a kind of new concept, expression is common.

(1) Common borrowed from the Greek prefix are: anti-, geo-, hydro-, micro-, poly-, psycho-,

tele-, auto-, holo-, homo-, etc. (2) Commonly derived from the Greek suffix are: -gy, -meter,

-graph, -phone, -scope, etc (Thomas Pyles, 1971).

2.3 The loan words from French

Britain and France in the geographically are separated by only English Channel. Since

ancient

times,

close

contacts

between

the

countries

and

begin

to

introduce

France

(

於奇

,

1999)

. In medieval English period, about more than 10,000 France words were introduced to

English directly, in which 75% are still used). For instance,

(1)

The

loan

words

relevant

of

government

and

administrative

management:

govern,

government, empire, authority, court, parliament, tax, etc.

(2) About laws and religious aspects of loan words: judge, crime, justice, sentence, verdict,

suit, punishment, clergy, prayer, religion, virgin, etc.

(3)

About

the

military

and

the

daily

life

of

the

cloth

aspects

of

loan

words:

battle,

navy,

garrison, fashion, etc.

In

1066,

(

於奇

, 1999)

the

Norman

invasion

was

brought

a

lot

of

French

words

to

English. French

foreign

words

used only in

the

aristocratic

class in

that

time.

Some gentle

words

such

as:

chair,

dinner,

feast

comes

from

the

French

vocabulary,

and

expression

of

primitive

life

words

such

as:

stool,

breakfast

is

from

the

English

vocabulary.

When

we

express animals use the English native language, such as: pig, sheep, ox, calf, deer, but in the

table is using of noble words by French such as: pork, mutton, beef, veal, venison.

Many affixes from French into English are all knew well by us. Prefixes are: de-, dis-,

in-, inter-, pre-, pro- and so on. Suffixes are: -ious, -tion, -able, -ment and so on

(

方梦之

,

2004)

.

In

addition,

there

are

quite

a

number

of

examples

that

the

words

is

consisting

of

borrowing

root

plus

a

native

suffix:

dukedom,

noblest,

powerful,

preacher,

falsehood,

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