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个性化教学辅导教案
学员姓名:
任课教师:李老师
所授科目:
__
英语
___
学员年级:
上课时间:
年
月
日
时
分
至
时
分
共
课时
教学标题
教学目标
教学重难点
句子成分
帮助学生在脑海里建立英语句子的基本框架
如何划分句子成分
上次作业检查
授课内容:
Part One
——
Speaking
口语
Part Two
——
Grammar
语法
Free talk.
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义
:
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和
次
要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和
同位语
。
(二)主语:
主语是一个句子所叙
述的主体,一般位于句首。但在
there be
结构、疑问<
/p>
句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语
可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:
During
the 1990s, American
country
music
has become more and more
popular.
(名词)
We
often speak English in
class.
(代词)
One-third
of the students in
this class are girls.
(数词)
To swim
in the
river is a great
pleasure.
(不定式)
Smoking
does harm to the
health.
(动名词)
The rich
should help the
poor.
(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English
test
has not been
decided.
(主语从句)
It
is necessary
to master a foreign
language
.
(
it
作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动
词在句中作谓语,一
般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:
1
、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:
He
practices
running every
morning.
2
、复合谓语:
(
1
)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词
原形构成。
如:
You
may keep
the book for two
weeks. He
has caught
a bad
cold.
(
2
< br>)由系动词加表语构成。如:
We
are
students
.
(四)
表语:
表语用以说明主语的身份、
特征和状态
,
它一般位于系动词
(如
be,
become,
get, look,
grow,
turn, seem
等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、
不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
例如:
Our teacher of English is an
American
.
(名词)
Is it
yours
?
(代词)
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The weather has turned
cold<
/p>
.
(形容词)
The speech is
exciting.
(分词)
Three times seven is
twenty
one
?
(数词)
His job is
to
teach
English
.
(不定式)
His
hobby
(爱好)
is
playing
football
.
(动名词)
The machine
must
be
out of
order.
(介词短语)
Time is
up
. The
class is
over
.
(副词
)
The truth is
that he has never been
abroad
.
(表语从句)
(五)宾语:
宾语表示动作的对象或
承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
例如:
They went to see an
exhibiti
on
(展览)
yesterday.
(
名词)
The heavy
rain prevented
me
form
coming to school on
time.
(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I
have
five
.
(数词)
They helped
the old
with their housework
yesterday.
(名词化形容词)
He pretended
not
to see me
.
(不定式短语)
I enjoy
listening to popular
music
.
(动名词短语)
I think
(
< br>that
)
he is fit for his
office.
(宾语从句)
宾语种类
:
(
1
)双宾语(间接宾语
+
直接宾语)
,
例如:
Lend
me your
dictionary
, please.
(
2
)复合宾语(宾语
+
宾补)
,
例如:
They elected
him their monitor
.
(六)宾语补足语:
英语中有些及物
动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语
补语,
才能使句
子的意义完整。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:
某些及物动词<
/p>
(如
make
等
+
宾语
+
宾补)
。
宾补可由名词、
形容词、
副词、<
/p>
不定式、
分词、
介词短语和从句充当。<
/p>
例如:
His father named him
Dongmin
g
.
(名词)
They painted their boat
whit
e
.
(形容词)
Let the fresh air
in
< br>.
(副词)
You
mustn’t force him
to lend his money to
you.
(不定式短语)
We
saw her
entering the
room
.
(现在分词)
We found everything in the
lab
in good
order
.
(介词短语)
We will soon make our city
what your city is
now.
(从句)
(七)定语:
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a
beautiful
city.
(形容词)
China is a
developing
country; America
is a
developed
country.
(分词)
There are thirty
women
teachers is our
school.
(名词)
His
rapid progress in
English made us
surprised.
(代词)
Our monitor is always the
first
to enter the
classroom
.
(不定式短语)
The
teaching
plan for next term
has been worked out.
(动名词)
He is reading an article
about how to learn
English
.
(介词短语)
(八)状语:
修饰动词、形容词、副
词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,
叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels
most quickly
.
(副词及
副词性词组)
He has
lived in the city
for ten
years
.
(介词短语)
He is proud
to
have passed the national college entrance examinat
ion
.
(不定式短语)
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