-
人教版英语选修
6
课文原文及课文译文
Unit 1 Art
第一单元
艺术
Reading
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
Art is influenced by the customs and
faith of a people. Styles in Western art have
changed many times. As there are so many
different styles of Western art, it
would be impossible to describe all of them in
such a short text. Consequently, this text will
describe only the most important ones.
Starting from the sixth century AD.
The
Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)
During the Middle Ages, the main aim of
painters was to represent religious themes. A
conventional artistof this period
was
not
interested
in
showing
nature
and people
as
they
really
were.
A
typical
picture
at
this
time
was
full
of
religious
symbols,
which
created
a
feeling
of
respect
and
love
for
God.
But
it
was
evident
that
ideas
were
changing
in
the
13th
century when painters
like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious
scenes in a more realistic way.
The
Renaissance(15th to 16th century)
During
the
Renaissance,
new
ideas
and
values
gradually
replaced
those
held
in
the
Middle
Ages.
People
began
to
concentrate
less
on
religious
themes
and
adopt
a
more
humanistic
attitude
to
the
same
time
painters
returned
to
classical Roman and Greek
ideas about art. They tried to paint people and
nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to
possess their own paintings, so they
coule decorate their superb palaces and great
houses. They paid famous artists to paint
pictures of themselves, their houses
and possessions as well as their activities and
achievements.
One of the most important
discoveries during this period was how to draw
things in perspective. This technique was
first used by Masaccio in 1428. When
people first saw his paintings, they were
convinced that they were looking through a
hole in a wall at a real scene. If the
rules of perspective had not been discovered, no
one would have been able to paint such
realistic pictures. By coincidence,oil
paints were also developed at this time, which
made the colours used in paintings look
richer and deeper. Without the new
paints and the new technique, we would not be able
to see the many great masterpieces
for
which this period is famous.
Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th
century)
In
the
late
19th
century,
Europe
changed
a
great
deal,from
a
mostly
agricultural
society
to
a
mostly
industrial
one.
Many people moved from
the countryside to the new cities. There were many
new inventions and social changes also led to
new painting styles. Among the painters
who broke away from the traditional style of
painting were the Impressionists, who
lived and worke in Paris.
The Impressionists were the first
painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show
how light and shadow fell on
objects at
different times of day. However, because natural
light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had
to paint quickly.
Their paintings were
not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At
first, many people disliked this style of painting
and
became very angry about it. They
said that the painters were careless and their
paintings were ridiculous.
Modern
Art(29th century to today)
At
the
time
they
were
created,
the
Impressionist
paintings
were
controversial,
but
today
they
are
accepeted
as
the
beginning of what we
call
in new ways. There are scores of
modern art styles,but without the Impressionists,
many of these painting styles might not
exsist. On the one hand, some modern
art is abstract; that is, the painter does not
attempt to paint objects as we see them
with our eyes, but instead concentrates
n certain qualities of the object, using colour,
line and shape to represent them. On
the other hand, some paintings of
modern art are so realistic that they look like
photographs. These styles are so different.
Who can predict what painting styles
there will be in the future?
西方绘画艺术简史
西方艺术风格变化较大，而中国艺术风格变化较小。人们的生
活方式和信仰影响了艺术。中国和欧洲不同，生
活方式在长时间里相似。西方艺术丰富多
彩，仅凭一篇短短的课文难以描述全面。所以，本篇课文仅描述了从公元
5
世纪开始的几种主要风格。
?
中世纪（公元
5
世纪到
15
世纪）
?
在中世纪，画家的主要任务是表现宗教主题。艺术家们并没有
把兴趣放在呈现人和自然的真实面貌上，而是着
力于体现对上帝的爱戴和敬重。
因此，
这段时期的绘画充满着宗教的信条。
到<
/p>
13
世纪时，
情况已经开始发生变化，<
/p>
像乔托这样的画家以比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
?
文艺复兴时期（
15
世
纪到
16
世纪）
?
在文艺复兴时期，新的思想
和价值观取代了中世纪的那一套，人们开始更关心人而不是宗教。画家们回到了罗
马、希
腊的艺术理论上。他们尽力地画出人和自然的真实面貌。富人们想为自己的宫殿和豪宅收藏艺术品，他们高
价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画画，画自己的房屋和其他财物，画他们的活动，画他们的成就。<
/p>
?
在这个阶段，最重要的发现之一是如何用透视法来画出事物的形象。在
1428
年，马萨乔成为第一个在绘画中
使用透视方法的人，<
/p>
当人们第一次看到他的画时，
还以为是透过墙上的小孔，
来观看真实的情景，
并对此深信不疑。
如果没有
透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画，在文艺复兴时期，油画也得到了发展，它使得色彩看上去更丰
富，更深沉。
?
印象
派时期（
19
世纪后期到
20
世纪初期）
?
19
世纪后期，
欧洲发生了巨大的变化，
从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。
许多人从农村迁入城市。
有着大量的新发明，还有许多社会变革。这些变革
也自然而然地导致了绘画风格上的变化。那些打破传统画法的人
有在巴黎生活和工作的印
象派画家。
?
印象派画家是第一批室外写生的艺术家。他们想把一天中不同
时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影画出来。由于自
然光的变化很快，
所以，
印象派画家必须很快地作画。
因此，
< br>他们的画就不像以前那些画家的画那样细致了，
起初，
多
数人都看不惯这种新式画法，甚至还非常生气。他们说这些画家作画时心不在焉，粗枝大叶，他们的作品更是荒<
/p>
唐。
?
现代艺
术（
20
世纪至今）
在印象派作品的创建初期，他们存
在争议。但是，现在已经被人们接受，并且成为现在所说的
“
现
代艺术
”
的始
祖。如今，现代艺术已有
几十多种，如果没有印象派艺术，也就没有那么多不同的风格，印象派画家帮助艺术家们
用新的方法来观察环境和艺术。有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们的眼睛看到的东西如实地
画出来，而是集中体现某些物体的某些品质和特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来
。另一方面，有些现代派
的艺术作品太逼真了，看上去就像一张照片。预言将来艺术的风
格倒是很有意思的。
?
Using
Language
Reading
The Best of Manhattan?s
Galleries
The Frick
Collection(5
th
Avenue and
E.70
th
Street)
Many art lovers would
rather visit this small art gallery than any other
in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New
Yorker,
died
in
1919,
leaving
his
house,
furniture
and
art
collection
to
the
American
people.
Frick
had
a
preference
for
pre-twentieth century Western
paintings, and these are well-represented in this
excellent collection. You can also explore
Frick?s beautiful home and garden which
are well worth a
visit.
Guggenheim
Museum(5
th
Avenue and
88
th
Street)
This museum owns 5,000
modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. These
art works are not all displayed at the same
exhibition is always changing. It will
apeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-
Impressionist
Guggenheim
Museum
building
is
also
world-
famous.
When
you
walk
into
the
gallery,
you
fell
as
if
you
were
inside
a
fragile ,white seashell. The best way
to see the paintings is to start from the top
floor and walk down to the bottom. There
are no stairs, just a circular path.
The museum also has an excellent reaturant.
Metropolitan Museum of
Art(5
th
Avenue and 82nd
Street)
The reputation of this museum lies in
the variety if its art collection. This covers
more than 5,000 years of civilization
from many parts if the world, including
America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African
countries and South
museun
diaplays
more
than
just
the
visual
delights
of
introduces
you
to
ancient
ways
of
living.
You
can
visit
an
Egyptian temple, a
fragrant Ming garden, a typical room in an
18
th
century French house
and other special exhibitions.
Museum
of Modern Art(53
rd
Street,
btween 5
th
and
6
th
Avenues)
It is amazing that so many
great works of from the late
19
th
century to the
21
st
century are housed in
the same museum.
The collection of
Western art includes paintings by such famous
artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse.
Afew
words of warning:the admission
price is not cheap an the meseum is often very
crowded.
Whitney Museum of American
Art(945 Madison Avenue, near
75
th
Street)
The Whitney holds an
excellent colection of comtemporary painting and
sclpture. There are no permanent displays in
this museum and exhibitions change all
the time. Every two years,
the Whitney
holds a special exhibition of new art by
living artists. The museum also shows
videos and films by comtemporary video artists.
曼哈顿艺术画廊荟萃
?
弗里克收藏馆
位于第五大道和麦迪逊大道之间
?
许多艺术爱好者都认为这个收藏馆
是纽约最好的一家小型艺术陈列馆。
亨利克莱
·
弗里克是纽约的一位富豪。
他
去世于
< br>1919
年，他把他的家具、房子和艺术收藏品都捐献给了美国人民。在这个陈列
馆里，你不仅看到
20
世纪以
前的西方
绘画的珍藏品，而且，你还能浏览弗里克的美丽的故居。在这个漂亮的公寓里，花园也是很值得一看的。
古根海姆博物馆
?
第
5
大道和第
88
街交汇处
?
这家博物馆拥有
< br>5
，
000
幅现代油画、雕塑和
素描。这些艺术品并不是同时展出的，展品总是在不断地更换。
所收藏的艺术品中大部分
是印象派和后印象派的作品。
古根海姆博物馆的大楼是世界闻名的。
当你走进画廊的时候，
你会觉得你进入了一个巨大的白色贝壳之中。看画展最好是从
顶层看起，一直往下看到底层。展厅里没有楼梯，只
有一条环行的小道。博物馆里还有一
家极好的餐馆。
?
（纽约）大都会艺术博物馆
?
第
5
大道与第
82<
/p>
街交汇处
?
这家博物馆是美国收藏艺术品最多的一家，它的艺术品收藏涵
盖了
5
，
000
多年来世界上众多国家的文明史，
其中包括美洲、欧洲、中国、埃及、非洲和南美洲。
这家博物馆展出的不仅仅只是艺术，它还给你介绍了古代的生
活方式。你可以看到埃及的
寺庙，明朝的御花园，
18
世纪法国豪宅中的住房，以及许多其
他特殊展品。
?
现代艺术博物馆
?
< br>第
53
街（位于第
5
和第
6
大道之间）
?
令人惊奇的
是，在同一博物馆里竟能容纳下
19
世纪后期到
21
世纪的如此众多的名家巨作。西方艺术的收藏包
括
有莫奈、凡
·
高、毕加索和马蒂斯等著名艺术家的作品。有几句
话需要提醒你注意：博物馆票价不菲，常常拥挤。
惠特尼美国艺术博物馆
?
麦迪逊大道
945
号（靠近第
75
街）
?
惠特尼博物馆藏有极好的当代美国
画和雕塑品。馆内没有永久性的展出，展品都是随时更换的。惠特尼博物馆
每两年有一次
特殊的展览，
展品是仍然在世的画家们的新作。
这家博物馆还展
出当代影视艺术家的录像和电影作品。
Unit 2
Poems
第二单元
诗歌
Reading
A few simple forms of English poems
There are
various reasons why people write poetry. Some
poems tell a story or describe something in a way
that will
give
the
reader
a
strong
impression. Others
try
to
convey
certain
emotions.
Poets use
many
different
forms
of
poetry
to
express themselves. In
this text, however, we will look at a few of the
simpler forms.
Some of the
first poetry a young child learns in English is
nursery rhymes. These rhymes like the one on the
right (A)
are
still
a
common
type
of
children's
poetry.
The
language
is
concrete
but
imaginative,
and
they
delight
small
children
because
they
rhyme,
have
strong
rhythm
and
a
lot
of
repetition.
The
poems
may
not
make
sense
and
even
seem
contradictory,
but
they
are
easy
to
learn
and
recite.
By
playing
with
the
words
in
nursery
rhymes,
children
learn
about
language.
（
A
）
Hush, little baby, don't say a word,
Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird.
If that mockingbird won't sing,
Papa's going to buy you a diamond ring.
If that diamond ring turns to brass,
Papa's going to buy you a looking-
glass.
If that looking-glass gets
broke,
Papa's going to buy you a billy-
goat.
If that billy-goat runs away,
Papa's going to buy you another today.
One of the
simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C
that list poems have a flexible line length and
repeated phrases which give both a
pattern and a rhythm to the rhyme (like B) while
others do not (like C).
（
B
）
I saw a fish- pond all on fire
I saw a fish-pond all on fire,
I saw a house bow to a squire,
I saw a person twelve-feet high,
I saw a cottage in the sky,
I saw a balloon made of lead,
I saw a coffin drop down dead,
I saw two sparrows run a race,
I saw two horses making lace,
I saw a girl just like a cat,
I saw a kitten wear a hat,
I
saw a man who saw these too,
And said
though strange they all were true.
（
C
）
Our first football match
We
would have won ...
if Jack had scored
that goal,
if we'd had just a few more
minutes,
if we had trained harder,
if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,
if we'd had thousands of fans
screaming,
if I hadn't taken my eye off
the ball,
if we hadn't stayed up so
late the night before,
if we hadn't
taken it easy,
if we hadn't run out of
energy.
We would have won ...
if we'd been better!
Another simple form of poem
that students can easily write is the cinquain, a
poem made up of five these,
students
can convey a strong picture in just a few words.
Look at the examples (D and E) on the top of the
next page.
（
D
）
Brother
Beautiful, athletic
Teasing, shouting, laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
（
E
）
Summer
Sleepy, salty
Drying, drooping, dreading
Week in, week out
Endless
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that
is made up of 17 is not a traditional form of
English poetry, but is
very popular
with English is easy to write and, like the
cinquain , can give a clear picture and create a
special
feeling using the minimum of
two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations
from the Japanese.
（
F
）
A fallen blossom
Is coming
back to the branch.
Look, a butterfly!
( by Moritake)
（
G
）
Snow having melted,
The
whole village is brimful
Of happy
children.
(by Issa)
Did you know that English
speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry -
Tang poems from China in particular?A
lot of Tang poetry has been translated
into Tang poem (H) is a translation from the
Chinese.
（
H
）
Where she awaits her husband
(by Wang Jian)
On and on the
river flows.
Never looking
back,Transformed into stone.
Day by day
upon the mountain top,wind and rain revolve.
Should the traveller return,this stone
would utter speech.
英语诗歌的几种简单形式
人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗是为了叙事，或者说是
描述某件事，并给读者以强烈的印象。而有些诗
则是为了传达某种感情。诗人用许多不同
格式的诗来表达自己的情感。本文只谈了几种格式比较简单的诗。
最早用英文写的诗是童谣。孩子们
很小就学习童谣。像下边的这首童谣（
A
）至今仍然是常见的。
这些童谣能
使俏皮孩子们快乐，因为它们节奏感强并且押韵，而且重复多遍。这样就容易
学，也容易背。通过童谣中的文字游
戏，教孩子们学习语言。
（
A
）
小宝宝，别吵吵，
爸爸给你买个小哩鸟。
小哩鸟，不会唱，
爸爸给你买个钻石戒。
钻石戒，变成铜
爸爸给你买个小镜子。
小镜子，打破了，
爸爸给你买个小山羊。
小山羊，跑掉了。
爸爸今天再去买一只。
像（
B
）和
（
C
）这样列举事物的清单诗是诗歌中最简单的一种，学生可以
自己动手写。清单诗可以重复一些短
语和韵脚（如
B
）
，但有一些也不是这样（如
C
< br>）
。
（
B
）
我看到鱼塘在燃烧
我看到鱼塘在燃烧，
我看到房子向地主哈腰，
我看到人高一丈八，
我看到茅屋在天郊，
我看到气球用铝做。
我看到棺材把死人抛。
我看到两只麻雀在赛跑，
我看到两匹马儿绣花包。
我看到姑娘像只猫，
我看到小猫戴花帽。
我看到有人在一旁瞄，
虽奇怪，但也把实情报。
（
C
）
我们的第一场球赛
我们本来会得冠军
……
如果杰克踢进了那个球，
如果我们还有几分钟，
如果我们训练得更严格，
如果本把球传给了乔，
如果有大批球迷助威，
如果我死死盯住球，
如果我们头晚不熬夜，
如果我们没有太大意，
如果我们没有精疲力竭，
我们本来会得冠军
……
如果我们再干得好一些！
另外，一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗
。用五行诗，学生可以用少量的词语传递一幅动
人的画面。请看下面的（
D
）和（
E
）两个例子。
（
D
）
兄弟
爱美，又爱运动
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
（
E
）
夏天
困乏，刺激
干涸，枯萎，恐怖
周而复始
永无止境
俳句诗（
Haiku
）是一种日本诗，
由
17
个音节组成。它不属英诗的传统形式，但是在说英语的人
们中间，这种
诗也是很流行的。它容易写，而且像五行诗一样，它可用很少的词语呈现出
一幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感
情。下面两首俳句诗下面的（
F
）和（
G
）就是由日文翻译而来
的。
（
F
）
落下的花朵
回顾到树枝上。
瞧啊，是个蝴蝶！
（作者：
moritake
）
（
G
）
雪儿溶化了，
整个村庄充满着
欢乐的儿童。
（作者：
Issa
）
你知道吗？说英语的人也借另外一种亚洲诗，那就是中国的唐
诗，许多唐诗已经翻译成英文了。这些诗都译成
了自由体，说英语的人都喜欢模仿它。下
面这首唐诗就是从中文译成英文的。
（
H
）
望夫石
王
健
望夫处，江悠悠。
化为石，不回头。
山头日日风复雨，
行人归来石应语。
Using
Language
Listening
，
reading
and discussing
I'VE
SA
VED THE SUMMER
(by Rod
McKuen)
I've saved the summer
And I give it all to you
To
hold on winter mornings
When the snow
is new.
I've saved some
sunlight
If you should ever need
A place away from darkness
Where your mind can feed.
And for myself I've kept your smile
When you were but nineteen,
Till you're older you'll not know
What brave young smiles can mean.
I know no answers
To help you on your way
The
answers lie somewhere
At the bottom of
the day.
But if you've a
need for love
I'll give you all l own
It might help you down the road
Till you've found your own.
我保留了夏天
Rod Mckuen
我把夏天留下，
全都交给了你。
当雪花儿初降时，
让冬天的早晨停住。
我把阳光留下，
万一你需要它。
在那远离黑暗的地方，
你的心灵会得到补养。
那年你芳龄十九，