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高中英语选修6课文逐句翻译

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2021年2月9日发(作者:小于)


高中英语选修


6


课文逐句翻译

< br>(


人教新课标


)


Unit1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING


西方绘画艺术简史




Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.


艺术是受着人民生活习俗和信仰的

< p>
影响的。



Styles in Western art have changed many times.


西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革。



As


there


are


so


many


different


styles


of Western


art,


it


would


be


impossible


to


describe


all


of


them in such a short text.


由 于西方的艺术风格多种多样,


在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全


面的描述。


Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the


sixth century AD.


因此


,


本文只谈及从公元


6


世纪以来最主要的几种艺术风格。



The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD)

中世纪


(


公元


5

< br>世纪到


15


世纪


)



During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.


在中世



,


画家的主要任务是把宗教的主题表现出来。



A


conventional


artist


of


this


period


was


not


interested in showing nature and people as they really were.


一个传统的艺术家无意于如实地


展现自然和人物。


A


typical


picture


at


this


time


was


full


of


religious


symbols,


which


created


a


feeling


of


respect


and


love


for


God.


那个时期的典型的绘画充满了宗教的


(



)


特征


,


体现出了


对上帝的爱戴与敬重。



But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when


painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.


但是


,


很显


然到了


13


世纪时


,


观念发生变化


,


像乔托这样 的画家开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场


景。



The Renaissance (15th to 16th century)


文艺复兴时期


( 15


世纪到


16


世纪


)



During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages.


在文艺复兴时期


,


新的思 想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。



People


began


to


concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.


人们开始较


少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。

< p>


At


the


same


time


painters


returned


to


classical Roman and Greek ideas about art.


同时画家们回到了罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。



They tried to paint people and nature as they really were.


他们力争如实地画出人物和自然。


Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces


and


great


houses.


富人们 想拥有自己的艺术品并用来装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅


They


paid


famous


artists


to


paint


pictures


of


themselves,


their


houses


and


possessions


as


well


as


their


activities


and


ac hievements.,


他们出价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画像


,


画自己的房屋和其他财



,


以及他们的活动和成就。




One


of


the


most


important


discoveries


during


this


period


was


how


to


draw


things


in


perspective.


在此期间


,


最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事物。



This technique was


first used by Masaccio in 1428.


这一手法是

< br>1428


年由马赛其奥第一次使用的。


When people


first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a


real


scene.


当人们第一次看到他的画时

,


还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景


,

< p>
并对此


深信不疑。


If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to


paint


such


realistic


pictures.


如没有发现透视法


,


人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。



By


coincidence,


oil


paints


were


also


developed


at


this


time,


which


made


the


colours


used


in


paintings


look


richer


and


deeper.


巧合的是这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展


,


它使得绘画的色


彩看上去更丰富、更深沉 。



Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be


able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.


没有新的颜料和新的


(


绘画


)


手法


,


我们就不能看到很多使这一时代著名的杰作。



Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)


印象派时期


( 19


世纪后期到


20


世纪初期


)



In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal from a mostly agricultural society to a


mostly


industrial


one.


1 9


世纪后期


,


欧洲发生了巨大的变化< /p>


,


从以农业为主的社会变成了以工


业为主 的社会。


Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities.


许多人从农村迁入


到新城市。


There were many new inventions and social changes.


有着许多新发明< /p>


,


还有许多社


会变革。

< br>Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles.


这些变革也自然而然地促成了

新的绘画风格。


Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were


the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.


在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作


在法国巴黎的印象派画家。




The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.


印象派画家是第一批室外写 景


的画家。


They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day.


他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴 影呈现出来。


However,


because


natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly.


然而 由于自然光的变化


很快


,


印象派画家们 必须很快地作画


,Their


paintings


were


not


as


detailed


as


those


of


earlier


painters.


因此


,


他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。



At


first,


many


people


disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it.


起初


,


许多人都不喜欢这种画法

,


甚至还怒不可遏。


They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.


他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心、粗枝大叶


,


而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。



Modern Art (20th century to today)


现代艺术


(20


世纪至今


)



At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they


are accepted as the beginning of what we call

< br>在印象派作品的创建初期


,


它们是


存在着争议的


,


但是如今己被人们接受而成为现在我们所说的



现代艺术



的始祖了。


This


is


because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.


这是因


为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。< /p>


There are scores of modern art styles,


but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist.


如今


,


现代艺术风


格有好几十种


,


然而如果没有印象派


,

那么这许多不同的风格就不可能存在。



On the one hand,


some


modern


art


is


abstract;


that


is,


the


painter


does


not


attempt


to


paint


objects


as


we


see


them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line


and shape to represent them.


一方面


,

< br>有些现代艺术是抽象的


,


也就是说


,


画家并不打算把我们


眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来


,


而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性


,


用色彩、线条和形状把它


们呈现出来。


On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like


photographs.


而另一方面


,


有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实


,

看上去就像是照片。


These


styles are so different.


这些风格如此不同。


Who can predict what painting styles there will be in


the future?


谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画艺术风格


?



2.


选修六


Unit 1 THE BEST OF MANHATTAN’S ART GALLERIES


曼哈顿艺术画廊荟萃



The Frick Collection (5th Avenue and E.70th Street)


弗里克收藏馆


(



5


大道和第


70

< p>
街大道之间


)



Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York.


在纽约


,


比起其他艺术馆许多艺术爱好者都更乐 意参观这家小型艺术陈列馆。


Henry Clay Frick, a rich


New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people.


亨利


·

< br>克莱


·


弗里克是纽约的一位富豪


,



1919


年去世

< br>,


把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留


给了美国人民。



Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these


are well-represented in this excellent collection.


弗里克对


20


世纪以前的西方绘画有偏爱


,


而在


这 个陈列馆的珍藏品里这些绘画得以很好展出。



You can also explore Frick's beautiful home


and garden which are well worth a Visit.


你还可 以好好考察一下弗里克美丽的故居和花园


,


它们


是很值得一看的。



Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)


古根海姆 博物馆


(



5


大道和第


88


街交汇处


)



This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and drawings.


这家博物馆拥



5000


幅非常好的现代油画、


雕塑和素描。



These art works are not all displayed at the same


time.


The


exhibition


is


always


changing.


这些艺术品并不是同时展出的


,


展品总是在不断地更

< p>
换。



It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post- Impressionist paintings.


展览将吸引

印象派和后印象派作品的爱好者。



The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous. < /p>



根海姆博物馆的大楼也是世界闻名的。



When


you


walk


into


gallery,


you


feel


as


if


you


were


inside a fragile, white seashell.


当你走进画廊的时候

< p>
,


你会觉得你进入了一个易碎的白色贝壳


之中。< /p>


The


best


way


to


see


the


paintings


is


to


start


from


the


top


floor


and


walk


down


to


the


bottom.


看画展最好 是从顶层看起


,


一直往下看到底层。



There are no stairs just a circular path.


The museum also has an excellent restaurant.


展厅里没有楼梯


,

只有一条环形的小道。


博物馆里


还有一家极好的餐馆。



Metropolitan Museum of Art (5th Avenue and 82nd Street)


大都会艺术博物馆


(



5


大道与第< /p>


82


街交汇处


)



The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection.


这家博物馆以收藏艺术


品种类繁多而享有盛名。



This covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of


the world, including America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America.


它的艺术品收藏涵盖了


5000


多年来世界上众多国家 的文明史


,


其中包括美洲、欧洲、中国、


埃及、


其他非洲国家和南美洲。


The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. It


introduces you to ancient ways of living.


这家博物馆展出的不只是可以看得见的艺术之美


,



还向你介绍了古代的生活方式。

< br>


You


can


visit


an


Egyptian


temple,


a


fragrant


Ming


garden,


a


typical room in an 18th century French house and many other special exhibitions.


你可以看到埃


及的寺庙


,


馥郁的明朝花园


,18


世纪法国住宅中的典型房间


,


以 及许多其他特殊展品。



Museum of Modern Art (53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues)


现代艺术博物馆


(



53



,


位于第


5


和第


6


大道之间

< br>)



It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century


are housed in the same museum.


令人惊奇的是


,< /p>


在同一家博物馆里竟能容纳下


19


世纪后 期到


21


世纪的如此众多的名家巨作。


The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous


artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse.


西方艺术的收藏包括有莫奈 、凡高、毕加索


和马蒂斯等著名艺术家的作品。



A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and


the


museum


is


often


very


crowded.


有几句话 需要提醒你注意


:


博物馆票价不菲


,< /p>


而且常常十分


拥挤。



Whitney Museum of American Art (945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)


惠特尼美国 艺术博物馆


(


麦迪逊大道


945



,


靠近第


75



)



The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture.


惠特尼博物馆藏有极好的当代美国绘画和雕塑品。


There


are


no


permanent


displays


in


this


museum and exhibitions change all the time.


馆内没有永久性的展出


,


展品都是随时更换的。


Every two years, the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists.


惠特尼博物


馆每两年有一次特殊的展览


,


展品是仍然在世的艺术家们的新作。


Th e


museum


also


shows


videos


and


films


by


contemporary


video


artists.


这家博物馆还展出当代影视艺术家的录像和


电影作品。





3.


选修六


Unit 2 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS


简体英文诗




There are various reasons why people write poetry.


人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。



Some


poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression.


有些诗是为了叙事,或者 说是描述某件事并给读者以强烈的印象。



Others


try


to


convey


certain emotions.


而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情。


Poets use many different forms of poetry


to express themselves.


诗人用许多不同风格的诗来表达自己的情感。


In this text, however, we


will look at a few of the simpler forms.


本文只谈了几种格式比较简单的诗。




Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes.


孩子们最早学习的


英文诗是童谣。



These rhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a common type of children's


poetry.


像右边的这首童谣



A



至今仍然是常见的。



The language is concrete but imaginative,


and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.


童谣的语言具体但富有想象力,


这使得小孩子们快乐,因为它们押韵,


节奏感强,


并较多重


复。


The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and


recite.

童谣不一定有什么意义,甚至有的看来自相矛盾,但是它们容易学,也容易背诵。


B y playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.


通过童谣中的文字


游戏,孩子们学习了语言。




A




Hush, little baby, don't say a word,


小宝宝,别说话,



Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird.


爸爸给你买个小嘲鸟。



If that mockingbird won't sing,


小嘲鸟,不会唱,



Papa's going to buy you a diamond ring.


爸爸给你买个钻石戒。



If that diamond ring turns to brass,


钻石戒,变成铜,



Papa's going to buy you a looking- glass.


爸爸给你买个小镜子。



If that looking-glass gets broke,


小镜子,打破了,



Papa's going to buy you a billy- goat.


爸爸给你买个小山羊。



If that billy-goat runs away,


小山羊,跑掉了。



Papa's going to buy you another today.


爸爸今天再去给你买一只。



One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things.


像(< /p>


B


)和(


C


)这 样的


列举事物的清单诗是诗歌中最简单的一种。


List poems have a flexible line length and repeated


phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.


清单诗可长可短,


可 以重复一些短


语,较为灵活。形成固定句型和诗的节奏。


Som e rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C).



些清单诗有韵脚(如


B



,


但有一些没有(如


C

< p>





B




I saw a fish- pond all on fire


我看到鱼塘在燃烧



I saw a fish-pond all on fire,


我看到鱼塘在燃烧,



I saw a house bow to a squire,


我看到房子向地主哈腰,



I saw a person twelve-feet high,


我看到人高一丈八,



I saw a cottage in the sky,


我看到茅屋在天郊。



I saw a balloon made of lead,


我看到气球用铅做,



I saw a coffin drop down dead,


我看到棺材把死人抛。



I saw two sparrows run a race,


我看到两只麻雀在赛跑,



I saw two horses making lace,


我看到两匹马儿绣花包。



I saw a girl just like a cat,


我看到姑娘像只猫,



I saw a kitten wear a hat,


我看到小猫带花帽。



I saw a man who saw these too,


我看到有人在一旁瞄,



And said though strange they all were true.


虽奇怪,但也把实情报。




C




Our first football match


我们的第一场球赛



We would have won ...


我们本来会得冠军


……



if Jack had scored that goal,


如果杰克踢进了那个球,



if we'd had just a few more minutes,


如果我们还有几分钟,



if we had trained harder,


如果我们训练的更严格,



if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,


如果本把球传给了乔,



if we'd had thousands of fans screaming,


如果有大批球迷助威,



if I hadn't taken my eye off the ball,


如果我死死盯住球,



if we hadn't stayed up so late the night before,


如果我们头晚不熬夜,



if we hadn't taken it easy,


如果我们没有放松警惕,



if we hadn't run out of energy.


如果我们没有精疲力竭,



We would have won ...


我们本来是会的冠军的


……



if we'd been better!


如果我们能干的更好!




Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up


of


five


lines.


另外一种学生 容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的,叫做五行诗。



With


these,


students can convey a strong picture in just a few words.


用五行 诗,学生可以用少量的词语传


递一幅动人的画面。


Look at the examples (D and E) on the top of the next p age.


请看下一页上


端的


D



E


两个例子。




D




Brother


兄弟



Beautiful, athletic


爱美,又爱运动



Teasing, shouting, laughing


爱闹,爱叫,又爱笑



Friend and enemy too


是我的朋友



Mine


也是我的敌人




E




Summer


夏天



Sleepy, salty


困乏,咸涩



Drying, drooping, dreading


干涸,枯萎,恐怖



Week in, week out


周而复始



Endless


永无止境



Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables.


俳句诗


Haiku



是一种日本诗,< /p>



17


个音节组成。

It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English


writer s.


它不属于英诗的传统形式,但是在用英语写作的人们中间,这种诗也是很流行的。< /p>


It


is easy to write and, like the cinquain , can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using


the minimum of words.


它容易写,而且像五行诗一样,它可以用最少的词语呈现出一幅清晰


的画面,表达出一种特殊的感情。


The two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations from


the Japanese.


下面两首俳句诗(右边的


F



G


)就是从日文翻 译过来的。




F




A fallen blossom


落下的花朵



Is coming back to the branch.


回到了树枝上。



Look, a butterfly!


瞧啊,是只蝴蝶!



( by Moritake)


(作者:


Moritake





G




Snow having melted,


雪儿融化了,



The whole village is brimful


整个村庄充满着



Of happy children.


欢乐的儿童。



(by Issa)


(作者:


Issa




Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry - Tang poems from


China in particular?


你知道吗?说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗,尤其是中国的 唐诗,


A


lot


of


Tang


poetry


has


been


translated


into


English.


许多唐诗 已经被翻译成英文了。


This


Tang


poem (H) is a translation from the Chin ese.


下面这首唐诗(


H


)就是从中 文翻译过来的。




H




Where she awaits her husband


望夫石



(by Wang Jian)


王健



On and on the river flows.


望夫处,江悠悠。



Never looking back,Transformed into stone.


化为石,不回头。



Day by day upon the mountain top,wind and rain revolve.


山头日日风复雨,



Should the traveller return,this stone would utter speech.


行人归来石应语。



With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write


poems


of


their


own.


有了这么多可供 选择的诗歌类型,学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。


It


is


easier than you might think and certainly worth a try!


写诗比你想象的要容易,绝对值得一试。



4.


选修六


Unit 2 I'VE SAVED THE SUMMER


我把夏天省下来



(by Rod McKuen)


罗德


·


麦丘恩(


Rod McKuen




I've saved the summer


我把夏天省下,



And I give it all to you


全都交给你。



To hold on winter mornings


当雪花儿初降时,



When the snow is new.


让冬天的早晨停住。



I've saved some sunlight


我把阳光省下,



If you should ever need


以供你不时之需。



A place away from darkness


在那远离黑暗的地方,



Where your mind can feed.


你的心灵会得到滋养。



And for myself I've kept your smile


When you were but nineteen,


那年你才十九岁,我就珍藏了你的微笑。



Till you're older you'll not know


等你长大成人以后,



What brave young smiles can mean.


才知道年轻勇敢的微笑的奥秘。



I know no answers


我不知道有什么办法,



To help you on your way


帮你踏上你人生的旅程。



The answers lie somewhere


答案也许就在某处:



At the bottom of the day.


在白天结束的那个时辰。



But if you've a need for love


但是如果你需要爱,



I'll give you all l own


我会献上我所有的爱。



It might help you down the road


它也许能帮你踏上旅程,



Till you've found your own.


直到你也找到属于你的爱。



5.


选修六


Unit3 ADVICE FROM GRANDAD


爷爷的忠告



Dear James,


亲爱的詹姆士:



It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.


今天这儿


的天气很好。


现在我正坐在花园尽头的那棵大树底下呢。



I have just returned from a long bike


ride to an old castle.


我刚刚才回来,骑自行车跑了很长一段路,一直到了古城堡。


It seems


amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.


感到惊奇吧,


像我这样的年纪,身体健康而且能在一个下午骑车跑


20


公里。


It's my birthday in two weeks


time and I'll be 82 years old!


再过两个礼拜就是我


82


岁的生日了!



I think my long and active


life must be due to the healthy life I live.


我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛,


要归功于我的健康


生活。



This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson.


这就是我写信给你的真 正原


因,我亲爱的孙子。


Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you


are finding it difficult to give it up.


你妈妈告诉我,你不久前开始吸烟了,而且现在很难把它


戒掉。



Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.


相信我吧,


我知道,吸烟容易戒烟难。



You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to


cigarettes.


你知道,当我还是一个十几岁的孩子 的时候,我也吸过烟,而且还上了瘾。



By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways?


这儿


我想顺便问你一个问题,你知道上瘾有三个方面的原因吗?



First, you can become physically


addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes.

首先,你会在身体


上对尼古丁有瘾,它是香烟里几百种化学物质之一。



This means that after a while your body


becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.


这句是说,过一段时间以后,你的身体习惯了香


烟里的尼古丁,



So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms.


一旦你的


体内没有这种麻醉剂了,你就会 有断瘾症状,



I


remember


feeling


bad-tempered


and


sometimes


even


in


pain.


我记得曾感到烦躁、甚至痛苦。


Secondly,


you


become


addicted


through habit.


其次你也可能因为习惯的原因而上瘾。


As you know, if you do the same thing


over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.


你知道,


如果你反反复复地做同一件事情,


你就 会自动地做它。


Lastly,


you


can


become


mentally


addicted.


最后,你可以心理上瘾。



I


believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could


only feel good when I smoked. < /p>


我那时认为,


抽了一支烟后就会感到更轻松愉快,


于是我就以


为抽烟才能使自己感觉良好。



I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit.



之所以上瘾就有着这三个方面的原因,因此,要戒烟就很难。


But I did finally manage.


但是我


终于还是戒掉了。



When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking.


在我年轻的时候,


关于吸烟的危害性我知道的并不多。



I


didn't


know,


for


example,


that


it


could


do


terrible


damage


to


your


heart


and


lungs


or


that


it


was


more


difficult


for


smoking


couples


to


become


pregnant.


例如,我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏 和肺部,也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育能力


会下降。



I


certainly


didn't


know


their


babies


may


have


a


smaller


birth


weight


or


even


be


abnormal in some way.


我当然不知道他们的婴儿在出生时可能体重较轻或某些方面不正常。


N either did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers.


我更不知道 ,


我自己吸烟还会损害那些不吸烟人的健康。


However,


what


I


did


know


was


that


my


girlfriend


thought I smelt terrible.


然而 我的的确确知道,


我的女朋友觉得我的烟味很难闻。



She said my


breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow.


她说我的呼吸、


我的衣服都有味道,


而且我的手指头都变黄了。



She told me that she wouldn't go out with me

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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