四六级翻译题(书法、水墨画、剧曲)

2021年2月9日发(作者：ninja是什么意思)

四六级翻译题（书法、水墨画、剧曲）

Calligraphy and Painting

书法< /p>

calligraphy

硬笔书法

pen

calligraphy

表音成分

ph onetic

component

表形成分

< br>symbolic

component

汉字偏旁

components of Chinese characters

线条艺术

the art of lines

汉字书写（体）

Chinese script

汉字从图画和符号演变而来，

中国书法艺术自然而然衍生于这一特殊的书写体系

（绝大多数< /p>

汉字由表音和表形成分构成）

，因此中国书法也被称作线条艺术。

Chinese characters evolved from pictures and signs, and the Chinese art of calligraphy developed

naturally from this special writing system (most Chinese characters consist of several phonetic and

symbolic components), so Chinese calligraphy is also called the art of lines.

< p>
尽管中国书法以汉字为表达工具，但要欣赏中国书法之美，不一定非要懂得汉语。

< br>

Although Chinese calligraphy uses Chinese words as its vehicle of expression, one does not have

to know the language to appreciate its beauty.

书法的目的在于保持自然之美，突显人类精神之美。

Calligraphy’s purpose is to retain the beauty of nature and illuminate man’s spiritual beauty.

受到青睐

to find favor in

汉学圈

the circle of Chinese language learning

汉学

Sinology

笔画

stroke

点、横、竖、撇、折、勾

dot stroke, horizontal stroke, vertical stroke, curved stroke, angular stroke, hooked stroke

部首，独立成字

radical, standalone character

篆书，隶书，草书，楷书，行书

the seal form, the official form, the cursive form, the regular form, the running form < /p>

像

“

字如其人

”

这样的中国古语与书法是直接相关的。

The Chinese saying like “The handwriting reveals the writer” is directly related to

calligraphy.

人们认为 ，

书写中运用的力度表露人的性情，

而书写的文字则能彰显书法 家对生活和艺术的

理解。

It

is

believed

that

the

force

used

in

writing

betrays

one’s

disposition

and

the

written

characters reveals the calligrapher’s understanding of life and arts.

另外，书法作为一门中国传统艺术，很早便为邻国所青睐。

On

the

other

hand,

being

a

Chinese

traditional

art,

Chinese

calligraphy

also

found

favor

in

the

neighboring countries from the early times.

汉字笔画有

2 4

多种，分为六大类：点、横、竖、撇、折、勾。

Strokes within Chinese characters can have more than 24 varieties of shapes that fall into six basic

categories:

dian

(dot

stroke),

heng

(horizontal

stroke),

shu

(vertical

stroke),

pie

(curved

stroke),

zhe

(angular stroke) and gou (hooked stroke).

汉字字体通常分为五种形式：篆书、隶书、草书、楷书和行书。

Chinese scripts are generally divided into five forms: the seal form, the official form, the cursive

form, the regular form, and the running form.

小篆

small seal script

象形文字

pictography

大楷、小楷、中楷、行楷、行草

larger

regular

form,

smaller

regular

form,

medium

regular

form,

running

regular

form,

running

cursive form

楷书四大家

four masters of the regular form

篆书笔画柔美，形体方正，更近 似象形文字。

（柔美的笔画和方正的形体，使得篆书更接近

象形 文字。

）

Soft

lines

of

strokes

and

upright

rectangular

shapes

keep

the

seal

form

characters

more close to pictography.

此种样式的书法笔画流畅，字字相连，所以平滑、生动。

This style of calligraphy is smooth and lively with strokes flowing and characters linking together.

前字最后一笔常顺入后字第一笔中，因此字与字常常连接一起。

The characters are often joined, with the last stroke of one merging into the initial stroke of the

next.

草书行笔自如而迅疾，所以字的某些部分看起来十分夸张。

It is executed freely and rapidly so that parts of the character appear exaggerated.

即使在同一幅作品中，字体也会大小各异，好像一切皆由书写者的一时兴致所支配。

They may vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the

writer.

线条的流畅和毛笔的节奏创造出一种整体的抽象美。

The flow of the lines and the rhythm of the brush create an abstract beauty of the whole.

如要学习书法，以楷书开始大有裨益，因为这种结构很有规律，易于掌握和临摹，

When

learning

calligraphy,

it

is

helpful

to

begin

with

the

regular

form

because

the

structure

is

regular and easy to handle and copy.

行书介于楷书和草书之间，可使书写更加简练、快速。

The running form is somewhere between the regular and the cursive forms, allowing simpler and

faster writing.

如果书写严谨、笔画分明，行书会很接近楷书，称作

“

行楷

”

。

When

carefully

written

with

distinguishable

strokes,

the

running

form

characters

will

be

very

close to the regular style, called “the running regular form”.

如果书写急速，行书会接近草书，称作

“

行草

”

。

< p>

When swiftly executed, they will approach the cursive form, called “the running cursive form”.

书圣

the Sage of Chinese Calligraphy (Wang Xizhi, Linyi)

碑刻（刻字石碑）

carved stone tablet

拓片

stone rubbing

《兰亭（集）序》

The Preface to the Lanting Collection of Calligraphy (Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection)

唐太宗

Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty

水墨画

ink-wash painting

东晋时期王羲之，人称

“

< br>书圣

”

，是中国历史上最著名的书法家之一。

Wang

Xizhi

in

the

Eastern

Jin

Dynasty,

the

“Sage

of

Chinese

Calligraphy”,

is

one

of

the

mo

st

famous calligraphers in Chinese history.

从这些刻石 上印制的拓片被广泛复制和印刷，

并被用作学习和练习书法艺术的范本，

为世世

代代的学习者所研习。

Stone

rubbings

taken

from

them

have

been

reproduced

and

reprinted

widely

and

studied

by

generations of students, used as models to learn and practice the art of calligraphy.

唐太宗得到了《兰亭集序》的真迹。

The

original

The

Preface

to

the

Lanting

Collection

of

Calligraphy

was

acquired

by

Emperor

Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

他爱不释手，于是命令宫廷书法家对其进行描摹。

He liked it so much that he ordered his court’s calligraphers to make copies of it.

他驾崩的时候，王羲之的书法成为他的殉葬品。

When he died, Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy was buried with him.

遍及中国各地，

人们在寺庙里、

山洞的墙壁上、

高山的 绝壁和纪念碑的侧面都可以看到装饰

性书法作品。

All over China, decorative calligraphy can be found in temples, on the walls of caves, and on the

sides of mountains and monuments.

由于最早期的绘画和书法皆使用相同的工具和线条，故有

“

书画同源

”

一说。

Since

similar

tools

and

lines

were

used

for

the

earliest

painting

and

writing,

painting

is

said

to

have the same origin as calligraphy.

水墨画注重风格上的艺术效果，在传统风景画历史上占有重要地位。

Ink-wash painting focuses on the artistic effect of the style, and holds an important place in the

history of traditional landscape painting.

墨色的浓淡变化使画家创作出人物、风景、花鸟和亭台楼阁。

Variation

in

shade

enables

the

artists

to

create

human

figures,

landscapes,

flowers,

birds,

and

pavilion

题字（题词、题诗）

、美术（绘画）

、篆刻、装裱、卷轴

calligraphic writing,

fine art, seal engraving, mount, scroll

《奔马图》

、

《愚公移山》

< p>

Running Horses, The Foolish Man Moving the Mountain

水生动物

aquatic animal

庸俗的趣味

vulgar taste

国际和平奖

the International Peace Award

壁画、山水画、木刻版画、插图、年画

mural painting, landscape painting, wood-cut block print, illustration, Spring Festival picture

一副完整的国画通常包括题词、印章和绘画本身。

A painting normally consists of calligraphic writing, seal stamps, and the painting itself.

他们将绘画、诗歌、书法和篆刻融合在一起，以实 现艺术的统一。

They combine fine art, poetry, calligraphy, and seal engraving to achieve an artistic unison.

徐悲鸿是中国当代著名画 家，也是一位在传统绘画和西方绘画上都获得显赫成就的美术大

师。

Xu Beihong is a celebrated modern painter of China and a master of the fine arts who achieved

eminence both in traditional painting and in Western painting.

他创作了万余幅作品，其中以花草鱼虫的画作最负盛名。

He completed over 10,000 works, among which paintings of flowers and grasses, aquatic animals,

and insects enjoy great popularity.

他曾经说过：

“

画妙在似与不似之间，太似则媚俗，不似则欺世。

”

He once said, “The excellence of a painting lies in its being alike, yet unlike. Too much

likeness

flatters the vulgar taste; too much unlikeness deceives the world.”

其目的不是要精确地再现大自然的原貌，

而是要捕捉一种情感或意境，

以此来获得大自然的

< br>“

韵律

”

。

Its purpose was not to reproduce exactly the appearance of the nature, but to grasp an

emotion or atmosphere in such a way as to catc

h the “rhythm” of the nature.

按中国悠久的民间传统，年画用来庆贺中国农历新年。

Spring Festival Pictures are used for celebrating the Chinese lunar New Year in accordance with

long Chinese folk tradition.

它们通常突出采用鲜艳的色彩和生动的人物，表达喜悦、幸福和 对新年的美好祝愿。

They usually convey joy, happiness, and best wishes for the New Year by featuring bright colors

and expressive figures.

Four Treasures of the Study

文房四宝小品表演的时间大约为

15

分钟。

1983

年，小品首次经电视在全国 播放就受到广泛

欢迎。

About

15

minutes

in

length,

xiaopin

performances

were

first

popularized

when

televised

nationally in 1983 in China.

这种滑稽讽刺剧简短活泼、辛辣尖刻，

20

多年来一直是中国春节联欢晚会上大受欢迎的节

目。

The

short,

brisk,

humorous,

and

often

poignant

comic

skits

have

been

popular

items

on

Chinese television’s New Year Gala Show for more than 20 years.

双簧是一种两人表演的民间艺术，

< p>
一个人表演哑剧，

另一个人躲在他或她身后，

负责 所有的

说唱（说和

/

或唱）

< p>
。

Shuanghuang is a kind of two-person folk art, with one acting in pantomime and the other hiding

behind him or her doing all the speaking and/or singing.

笔墨纸砚

brush, ink stick, paper, ink stone

要欣赏和理解中国书法，

文房四宝，

即笔墨纸砚，

是不可忽视的，

它们对艺术品 的特征和表

现形式起了决定性作用。

Four

treasures

of

the

study

—

brush,

ink,

paper

and

ink

stone

—

cannot

be

neglected

when

appreciating and understanding Chinese calligraphy because they determine the features and the

expressive forms of the work of art.

湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚

Hu brush, Hui ink stick, Xuan paper, Duan ink stone

墨（块）

、模子、字帖、拓片、

ink stick, mould, copybook, stone inscription rubbing

映描

trace

人们普遍认为，

文房四宝中的精品以湖笔、

徽墨、

宣纸和端 砚为代表，

在国内外皆享有盛名。

It is widely accepted that the best of each of these items is represented by the Hu brush, Hui ink

stick, Xuan paper, and Duan ink stone, all being highly valued in both China and abroad.

这种纸以青檀树皮和稻草为原料，经过

18

道工序制成，颜色雪白、质地柔软、结实耐用、

吸水性强，而且能防虫蛀。

Made

in

an

18-step

process

from

the

bark

of

the

wingceltis

tree

and

rice

straw,

the

paper

is

snow-white, soft, durable, absorbent and moth-proof.

因此，它是中国传统绘画和书法的最重要纸型。

Hence, it is a principal type of paper for traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy.

种砚台可以雕刻成各种形状和图案，因此也是很好的书桌装饰品。

Carved into various shapes and designs, the ink stones also serve as fine desk ornaments.

欣赏中国书法是一种享受，但练习却是更大的享受。

Appreciating Chinese calligraphy is an enjoyment but practicing it is an even higher enjoyment.

掌握了这种映描的技巧之后，就可以开始临摹练习了。

After mastering the tracing skill, you can begin practicing writing by imitating the models.

书体、墨池

inscription, black pond

有一个代代相传的古老的练习方法，

即 反复练习写

“

永

”

字，

因为这个字包含了八个基本笔画。

There is an old method passed down from generation to generation, and that is to practice writing

the character “

永

” repeatedly because it contains the eight basic dots and strokes .