工程管理专业英语翻译-合同争议的解决方式(164-170页)

2021年2月8日发(作者：nuts)

a.

the difference in procedure

In mediation, there are several stages to follow

，

i.e

，

introduction

，

joint session

，

caucus, and agreement,

and the mediator controls the process through different and specific stages but not the outcome, which is

left

to

the

parties.

By

contrast,

in

concililation,

there

may

not

be

a

structured

process

to

follow.

The

conciliator may instead administer the conciliation process as a traditional negodtiation, which may take

different forms depending on the case.

a.

程序的不同

.

关于调解，要遵循几个 阶段，也就是，介绍，联席会议，核心会议以及达成协议。调解人控制

除由会议决定的结 果外的不同和特定阶段的进程。

与之相反，

对于和解没有一个可 以遵循的结构化

流程

.

相反，和解人可 以支配着要遵循的正如根据情况可以采用不同形式的传统谈判的和解过程。

b. the difference in the role of conciliator and mediator

The conciliator and the mediator also play different role in y,While the conciliator,as

the

impartial

party,

is

responsible

for

figuring

out

the

best

solution,

the

mediator

is

not

.Secondly,The

conciliator, not the parties, often develops and proposes the terms of settlement; by contrast, the mediator

helps to facilitate the parties

’

own discussion and guide them to their own solution. Thirdly, the conciliator

may make proposals for settlement, while in mediation, the decisions are made by the conflicting parties.

To sum up, in conciliation, the conciliator plays a relatively direct role in the actual resolution of a dispute

and is usually seen as an authority, but in mediation, the mediators at all times maintain their neutrality

and are considered as a partner to give assistance.

b.

和解和调节角色的不同

在替代性争端解决办法中调节与和 解也扮演着不同的角色。首先，与调节不同的是作为公正

当事人的和解者有责任指出最好 的解决办法。

其次，

和解者而不是当事人常常制定和提出最好的 解

决条款；相比之下，调节者帮助促进当事人自己讨论并指导他们自己解决。第三，和解 者可能提议

解决的办法，而对于调节决定是有矛盾的双方共同决定的。总之，在和解中， 和解者在一个争端的

实际解决中扮演着一个相对直接的角色并通常被看做一个权威，

但在调节中，

调节者在整个时期保

持他们的 中立性和被看做提供帮助的当事人。

c. the difference in the timing

Conciliation is used almost before a conflict grows to serious one,and its aim is to stop a substantial

conflict from developing .But mediation happens when the conflict has already surfaced and grown into a

serious one that is difficult to deal with without

“

professional

”

assistanc

e.

c.

二者使用的时间不同

< p>
和解几乎使用在矛盾变得严重之前，它的目标是阻止一个重大矛盾的形成。而调节用于矛盾已

经出现并发展成没有专业人员帮助很难处理的情况下。

13.3.4 Dispute Adjudication Board

T

he approach of Disput Board is a highly successful and cost effective contractual process for

the avoidance and resolution of disputes during the course of the project. The two most popular DB types

are:the

Dispute

Review

Board(DRB)which

originated

in

the

USA

and

aims

at

providing

non- binding

recommendations and the Dispute Adjudication Board(DAB) which emerged from the earlier USA mode

and is entitled to make decision that has

an interim binding is a new emerging type of DB

namely

Combined

Dispute

Board(CDB),

Which

is

a

hybrid

of

Dispute

Review

Boards

and

Dispute

Adjudication Boards created by the

International Chamber of Commerce(ICC) in practice,there

are also other terms in use such as Dispute Settlement Panel, Dispute Mediation Board, Dispute Avoidance

Panel and Dispute Conciliation entally these different varieties of

Dispute Board devices

are the same, each providing early adjudication based on the contractual bargain between the parties.

在工程建设过程中，对于避免和解决争端，争端委员会是一个非常成功和有效的合同过程。两

种最典型的争端委员会是：一为争端评审委员会，该委员会起源于美国，致力于提供不具 约束力的

建议，二为争端裁定委员会，该委员会从美国早期的模式中发展而来，并有权作 出具有临时约束力

的裁定。

关于争端委员会有一个新形成的类型 名叫联合争端委员会，

它是争端评审委员会和争端裁

定委员会的 混合由国际商会于

2004

年创立。在实践中，也使用其他的说 法如争端解决小组，争议

调解委员会，

争端防范小组，

争议和解委员会，

这些不同类型的争端委员会的设置基本上是一样的，< /p>

在当事人之间，根据合同条款每个都提出早期的裁定。

A DRB or DAB is a

“

job- site

”

dispute adjudication process, typically comprising three independent,

experienced,

impartial

and

respected

construction

professionals

selected

by

the

contracting

parties

(For

small projects, the Board may comprise just one single member). The board, in different cases, could be

a

standing

or

an

ad

hoc

one.

The

significant

differences

between

DRB/DAB

and

most

other

ADR

techniques are as the following:

争端评审委员会或争端裁定委员会是施工现场争端裁定的一种做法，通常由订约人所选出的三

个独立的，有经验的，公正的和有威望建筑专家组成（对于小的工程，委员会可能仅仅有一个成员

组成）

。在不同的情况下，委员会可以是常设的或临时性的。在 争端评审委员会和争端裁定委员会

以及其它大多数替代性争端解决办法的较大不同如下：

.

The Board is appointed at the commencement of a project before any disputes arise.

.

The

professionals

undertake

the

responsibility

of

regularly

visiting

to

the

site

and

are

actively

involved throughout

the project

(and possibly

any

agreed period thereafter). So, DRB/DAB is,

in

some

way, a part of the project administration.

.

As

a

part

of

the

project

administration,

this

approach

can

influence,during

the

contract

period,

the

performance of the contracting parties.

.

DRB/DAB offers expedite and potentially cost effective dispute resolution.

.

Despite

the

interim

binding

decision

of

DAB,

there

will

still

be

the

opportunity

of

referring

to

arbitration or the courts if the Board

’

s decision is unacceptable to the parties.

.

一项工程一开工，在任何争端出现之前就指定委员会。

.

这些专家承担着定期视察场地的责任并积极的参与到整个工程中（以及之后任何可能的商 定时

期）

。因此，在某些方面，争端裁定委员会或争端评审委员 会是工程管理的一部分。

.

在合同期 间，作为工程管理的一部分，这一方法可能影响订约人的行为。

.

争端评审委员会或争端裁定委员会提供加快进展及潜在的成本效果争端的解决方法。

.

尽管争 端裁定委员会的裁定具有临时约束力，但是如果委员会的裁定无法为争端双方所接受，

他 们仍有机会将其提交仲裁或法庭。

This approach is ideally suited to larger international projects, multi-contract projects and concessions.

It had been adopted by influential employers such as AT&T and Hawaiian Department of Transportation

and

applied

in

projects

like

EL

Cajon

Dam

and

Hydropower

Project

in

Honduras

in

1980.

The

Master

Bidding Document for Procurements of Works and User

’

s Guide (July2005)

adopted by World Bank

regulates

the

use

of

DB.

Following

the

World

Bank

example

in

1995/96,

International

Federation

of

Consulting Engineers(FIDIC) introduced

“

Dispute Arbitration Board

”

in its Orange Book (Contract for

Design-Build

and

Turnkey)

and

optional

amendment

to

standard

form

contracts.

FIDIC

made

further

revision

in

1999

making

DB

the

principal

means

of

dispute

resolution

(the

Red

Book

involves

the

establishment of a standing DB and the Yellow Book and Silver book involve establishment of the DAB

deferred until disputes arise). Further, the Gold Book decided the form of standing DB in 2008.

这一方法非常适合于较大的国际工程，多 个合同工程和特许项目。它被有影响的业主如美国电

话电报公司及夏威夷运输部所采用。 并于

1980

年运用于洪都拉斯的埃尔卡洪坝和水电站这样的工

程。世界银行采用《工程采购和用户指南主导招标文件》

（

2005.7

）管理争端委员会的使用权。根

据世界银行在

1995/96

的例子，国际咨询工程师联合会 在黄皮书（建造与交钥匙工程合同）引进了

“争端仲裁委员会”和对于标准形式的合同可 选择修改。在

1999

FIDIC

作 出进一步的修改，使争

端委员会成为解决争端的主要方法

（红皮 书包含长期争端委员会的建立，

黄皮书和银皮书牵涉到延

期的一 直到争端出现的争端裁定委员会的确立。

Considering

all

the

advantages

,many

international

institutions(

Bank,

FIDIC

and

ICC)

advocate the wide use of DB, and the use of DRB/DAB continues to grow in worldwide popularity. In UK,

influential projects using Dispute Boards are Channel Tunnel Rail Link, London Docklands Light Railway

and

various

Highways

Agency

projects.

The

latest

conducted

research

indicates

that

almost

98%

of

disputes referred to Dispute Boards conclude the matter without recourse to arbitration or litigation.

鉴于所有的优点，许多国际 机构（例如

.

世界银行，

FIDIC< /p>

和

ICC

）提倡广泛的使用争端委员会，

在世界范围内，争端评审委员会或争端裁定委员会的使用一直很普遍。在英国，有影响的 使用争端

委员会的工程有海峡隧道连接铁路，

伦敦多克兰轻铁路 和各种各样的海韦代理机构工程。

最新进行

的研究表明有

98%

的争端提交到争端委员会处理而不是借助于仲裁和诉讼。

Words, Phrases and Expressions

counsel

n.

律师，辩护人（

lawyer,

defender

）

Impasse

n.

僵局，陌路

（

deadlock, dead end

）

facilitated negotiation

n.

协助谈判

ad hoc

adj.

特定，专设，临时（

tempory

）

reject

vi,

拒绝（

to turn down, to refuse

）

legal standing

n.

法律地位（

legal status

）

disputants

n.

争议者

(wrangler)

articulate

vt.

阐明（

to clarify, to explain clearly

）

facilitative mediator

促进式调解人

evaluative mediator

评估式调解人

synoyms

n.

别名（

another name, byname

）

joint session

【法】联席会议（

joint meeting, joint conference

）

caucus

n.

预备会议；核心小组（

ginger group

）

Dispute Board

争端委员会

Dispute Adjudication Board

争端裁定委员会

Dispute Review Board

争议评审委员会

Interim

adj.

暂时的，临时的（

provisional, temporary

）

hybrid

n.

混合

(mix,interfusion)

job-site

n.

施工现场（

work site ,construction site

）

concession

n.

特许项目

(license, special permission)

standing board

常设争议小组

Dispute Settlement Panel

争端解决小组

Dispute Mediation Board

争议调解委员会

Dispute Avoidance Panel

争端避免小组

Dispute Conciliation Panel

争端调解小组

The Master Bidding Document for Procurements of Works and User

’

s Guide

世界银行采 用的《工程

采购和用户指南主导招标文件》

疑难词句

1.

Negotiation can be defined as any form of director indirect

communication whereby parties

who

have opposing interests attempt to reach a compromise by discussing the form of any joint action which

they might take to manage and ultimately resolve the dispute between them.

< p>
译文：谈判可以定义为任何直接或间接的沟通形式，在该形式下，有着不同利益的双方试图通

过讨论他们可能采取的联合行动的方式达成和解以求最终解决争议。

2. When dispute arises and where conciliation is agreed upon previously, parties may submit statement

to the chosen conciliators describing the general nature of the dispute and the points at issue.

译文：当争端 产生且双方事先同意使用和解方法时，争议双方可向选定的和解人递交陈述函以

描述争端 的大致性质和双方关注焦点。

e

it

offers

superior

advantages

for

the

resolution

of

disputes

and

affords

the

parties

the

opportunity to develop settlements that are practical, economical, and durable.

译文：因为它为解决争议提供了更先进的方法，并为争议双方提供了探索实用的、经济的和持

< br>久的解决办法的机会。

4.

The disputants, not the mediator, decide the terms

of the agreement, while a mediator assists the

parties

in

identifying

and

articulating

their

own

interests,

priorities,

needs

and

wishes

to

each

other

by

communicating with each party.

译文：合同条款由争议人而非调解人制定，调解人通过与双方沟通，协助 争议双方向对方确认

并阐明自己的利益、需要优先解决的问题、各自的需要及愿望等。< /p>

5. And both the conciliator ad the mediator may have an advisory role in regard to the content of the

dispute or the outcome of its resolution, but not a determinative role, which is distinct from the role of

arbitrators

’

.

译文

:

和解人与调解人都能在争议内容或解决 结果方面起到咨询作用而不是决定性作用，这点区

别于仲裁人的作用。

< br>

6. The two most popular DB types are:the Dispute Review Board(DRB)which originated in the USA

and

aims

at

providing

non- binding

recommendations

and

the

Dispute

Adjudication

Board(DAB)

which

emerged from the earlier USA mode and is entitled to make decision that has an interim binding force

译文：两种 最典型的争端委员会是：一为争端评审委员会，该委员会起源于美国，致力于提供

不具约 束力的建议，二为争端裁定委员会，该委员会从美国早期的模式中发展而来，并有权作出具

有临时约束力的裁定。

7.

Despite

the

interim

binding

decision

of

DAB,

there

will

still

be

the

opportunity

of

referring

to

arbitration or the courts if the Board

’

s decision is unacceptable to the parties.

译文：尽管争端裁定委 员会的裁定具有临时约束力，但是如果委员会的裁定无法为争端双方所

接受，他们仍有机 会将其提交仲裁或法庭。

13.4 The Mediation/Conciliation Agreement

In spite of the differences between mediation and conciliation, the two approaches are similar in the

content and the form of their agreement. The mediation agreement needs to be clear so that both parties

know what to expect from mediation. Usually, the aggrement should include at least the following matters:

13. 4

调节

/

和解协议

尽管调节与和解之间有许多不同，这两种方法在协议的内容和形式上时相同的。调 节协议需要

清楚明白为了当事人双方知道能期待调节为他们做些什么。

< br>一般，

协议应该包括至少下面一些事件：

·

A clear and precise statement of what kind of issues should be solved through mediation/conciliation.

·

A declaration by the parties that they both wish to use mediation/conciliation to solve their dispute

before it is referred to arbitration or the court.

·

A period during which a mediatioin/conciliation is to take place.

·

The name and the qualification of the mediator/conciliatio

n