翻译理论(总结)

elegance

）：

the translation must use the classic Chinese

Yan f

u put forward this―three character guide‖in his preface to the translation of

`s book Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays

（

《天演 论》

译例言

1898

）

Which translator you know best and please tell us something about his theory,

The translator | know best is

Yanfu

.

Yan Fu

was a celebrated enlightening

ideologist, educationist, and translator in late Qing Dynasty of ing to the

translation method of Buddhist, Scriptures in ancient times

and based on his own experience of translation practice. He put forward three

basic principle of translation: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. This

theory has occupied an important or even dominant position in China for over

one hundred years. The three-word- theory is regarded as the essence and

milestone of translation researches in ancient China,and also the central

point of arguments in contemporary China.

Inhistranslation thought,

ct that a translator should express the real meanings

of the original siveness' refers to clear and smooth expressions of the target

language while' 'elegance' means that the translated version should be of classical

grace and written in classical Chinese. These three aspects area natural

unity, closely connected with each other.

译作

Can you list a book he translated?

Evolutionand Ethics

鲁迅

Famous litterateur, thinker, important participant of May 4th New Culture

Movement, founder of Chinese modern literature. Mao Zedong once commented:

Xun's direction, is the direction of the new culture of the Chinese nation.

Lu Xun has made great contributions in many fields, such as literary creation,

literary criticism, ideological research, literary history research, translation, the

introduction of art theory, the introduction of basic science and the collation and

research of ancient books.

钱钟书

Translation features

：

translation style of elegant classical

ation effect of both faithfulness and beauty

Contributions:

1. Qian Zhongshu combed the principles of

dialectical unity of the three;

2. Put forward the idea of translating poems with poems, and take the lead in contemp

orary translation with the style of elegant classical Chinese.

3. Qian Zhongshu's discussion on translatology has attracted wide attention in the fiel

d of translation in China, especially his theory of

Shortcomings

1. Qian's theory of translation does not have a great system or a complete system. The

re are only monographs such as Lin Shu's translation and the three difficulties in trans

lation, and other thoughts are scattered in various works.

like Yan Fu, Fu Lei, Guo Moruo, etc

For the most influential translation work, i.e. the English translation of Mao Zedong's

anthologies and poems, O documents can be transferred to

化境说

The

so-called

means

that

the

original

work

is like

is changed, but the spirit is still the same. In other words,

the translation should be faithfully read to the original,

unlike

the translation,

because the work in the original will

never read what you want to translate:

literary translation can be said to be 'transformation', The

conversion of a Chinese character into another national

character can not only show stubborn and forced traces due to

differences in language habits, but also completely preserve

the flavor of the original work.

许渊冲

1.

Influenced by his family,he loved English when was a child.

2.

In National Southwestern Associated University,he translated “ Three

Principles of the People as of the people,by the people,for the people.

3.

Life’s motto:Inferiority makes one lag behind.

4.

Three beauties:The beauty in sense(

意美）

,the beauty in soun d

（

音美）

，

the beauty in form

（形美）。

5.

Masterpieces:Book of Songs,Song of the Chu,The Romance of The

West Chamber,Scarlet and Black

傅雷

Fu Lei's

for translation, one is

painting, what you ask is not in form but in god.

techniques,

be conveyed by the characters of State A. They must be like Bole Sangma.

They must be refined and forget their thickness, and forget them inside

and outside.

杨宪益戴乃迭

王佐良

林纾

林语堂

Lin Yu tang is the first in the history of Chinese scholarship to

most explicitly use modern linguistics and psychology as the basis for

faithfulness, smoothness and beauty.

郭若沫

The translator Guo Moruo concurrently translated,

summed up and refined in the long-term translation practice

a

translation

theory

that

is

rich

in

personality,

combined

with

creativity and practice. The most influential are creative

theory, style translation, matchmaker theory, resonance

theory

and

life

experience

theory.

,

Translate

poems

with

poems,

etc. His research on non-literary translation started early

and made great achievements. He also put forward his own

translation opinions on

status, translation criticism, translation and research,

translation methods and strategies, translation ethics,

dialect translation, translation and interpretation, etc. It

covers a wide range and has inherent unity and logic. Taken

together, it is not an exaggeration to summarize his

contribution to the cause of translation with

theory

林纾

朱生豪

翻译思想

:

and must not be the second one, but also to convey the original meaning with a clear

and clear word; and the hard translation of the verbatim and verbatim contrast type,

dare not Agree.

翻译策略

:

Verve theory (

神韵说）

faithfully convey the original interest. Grasp the charm and

charm of the original work. Whenever the original text is inconsistent with Chinese

grammar, they often chew again and again, at the expense of the easier structure of

the original text, so that the author's fate will be exposed suddenly and not covered by

obscure words.

Domestication and foreignization are the same, with both nobility and slang,

and have strong singing and stage performance.

翻译风格

:

It makes full use of the advantages of Chinese expression, and does not stick to the

language details of the original text. The original word order, sentence structure, and

sentence pattern are melted, decomposed, recombined, and re-created to produce a

natural and smooth translation. His translations are strong and imposing, such as

the musical beauty of the Chinese language in the process of

of Sha's rhyme

雅各布森

朱光潜：

Zhu Guangqian: His translation standards are: first, not against

the author's meaning; second, to enable readers to understand when they

are willing to understand.

茅盾

Mao Dun: He also advocates

translation

organization, and it is necessary to attract the syntactic form of the

Indo-European family. However, the contradiction is different from Lu

Xun's point of view. He believes that

Western grammar structures are very different, pure

impossible.

功能对等

A term used to refer to the tpye of equivalence reflected in a tt which seeks to adapt th

e function of the original to suit the specific context in and for which it was produced

according to Gutt the function that a text is intended to fulfil is now probably the

st widely accepted frame of reference for translation equivalence(1991: 10 ). However

, while the term is used by a number of writers it is perhaps defined most systematical

ly by house( 1977). House 's aim is to develop a methodology for assessing translation

quality and so her concept of funciton equivalence is basically evaluative. She presen

ts (1977: 42)a detailed

ishes the three dimensions of linguistic usage relation to the language uers geographic

al origin, social class and time) and five reflecting language use (medium, participatio

n, social role relationship, social attitude and province, or general area of discourse).

Using this framwork it is possible to build up a text profile

e house argues that a translated text

but employ equivalent situational- dimensional means to achieve that function

动态对等

A term introduced by nida(1964) in the context of bible translation to describe one of

two basic orientations found in the process of translation ( see also Formal equivalenc

e). Dynamic equivalence is the quality which characterizes a translation in which

message of the original text has been so transported into the receptor language that the

response of the receptor is essentially like that of the original receptors(Nida Taber 1

969 /1982: 200, emphasis removed) In other words, a dynamically equivalent translati

on is one which has been produced in accordance with the threefold process of Analys

is, Transfer and Restructuring(Nida Taber 1969/1982: 200); formulating such a transl

ation will entail such procedures as substituting tlitems which are more culturally appr

opriate for obscure st items, making linguistically implicit ST information explicit, an

d building in a certain amount of rEDUNDaNcy( 1964: 131)to aid comprehension.

目的论

多元系统理论

接受理论

语义翻译

交际翻译

信达雅

传神论

化境

三美

策略、技巧、方法、工具等

归化

异化

直译

意译

音译

增词法

amplification

省略法

omission

合译

combination

拆译

division

正说反译和反说正译法

(negation)

词类转换

(conversion)

词序调整

(inversion)

计算机辅助翻译

语料库

Q1:What is translation and its essence

？（什么是翻译和其本质？）

Translation is the expression in one language of what has been expressed in another la

nguage, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence. It is a kind of cross-language, c

ross- culture and cross society language activity. Its essence is the meaning explanatio

n and transformation

翻译是用一种语言把另一种 语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的，

跨语言，跨交际，跨社会的语言活动 。其本质是释意，意义的转换。

Q2:types of translation

（翻译的分类）

From the stand point of signs: intralingual translation , interlingual translation and inte