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1.3
考研真题与典型题详解
I.
Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define
our human languages can be called ______ features.
(
北二外
2006
研
< br>)
2. Linguistics is usually defined
as the ______study of language. (
北二外
2003
研
)
3. Language, broadly speaking, is a
means of______ communication.
4. In
any language words can be used in new ways to mean
new things and can be combined into innumerable
sentences ba
sed on limited rules. This
feature is usually termed______
5. Linguistics is the scientific study
of______.
6. Modern linguistic
is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to
discover what language is rather than lay down
some rul
es for people to observe.
7. One general principle of linguistic
analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing.
8. The branch of linguistics which
studies the sound patterns of a language is called
______. (
北二外
2003
研
)
9. The branch of grammar
which studies the internal structure of words is
called______. (
北二外
2004
研
)
10. ______mainly
studies the characteristics of speech sounds and
provides methods for their description,
classification and
transcription. (
北二外
2005
研
)
11. Semantics and
______investigate different aspects of linguistic
meaning. (
北二外
2007
研
)
12. In linguistics,
______ refers to the study of the rules governing
the way words are combined to form sentences in a
lang
uage, or simply, the study of the
formation as sentence. (
中山大学
2008
研
)
13.
______can be defined as the study of language in
use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts
to show the relations
hip between
language and society.
14. The branch
of grammar which studies the internal structure of
sentence is called _______. (
北二外
2008
研
)
15.
Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence
of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of
linguistics (utteran
ces) as
and
. The
former refers to the abstract linguistic
linguistic system shared by
all the members of a speech community, and the
latter is the concrete manifestation of language
either through speech or through
writing. (
人大
2006
研
)
16. The description of a
language as it changes through time is a ______
study.
17. Linguistic potential is
similar to
Saussure’s
langue
and Cho
msky’s______.
18. One of the important distinctions
in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is
the French word for
“language”,
whi
ch
is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking
，
listening
，
< br>writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more
variable and may change according to
contextual factors.
19. One
of the important distinctions in linguistics is
and performance. (
人大
2006
研
)
20. Chomsky initiated the distinction
between ______ and performances. (
北二外
2007
研
)
II. Multiple Choice
1.
Which of the following is NOT a
frequently discussed design feature? (
大
连外国语学院
2008
研
)
A. Arbitrariness
B. Convention C. Duality
of the following words is entirely
arbitrary? (
西安交大
2008
< br>研
)
A. tree
B. crash
C. typewriter
D. bang
3. A linguist
regards the changes in language and languages use
as______.
A. unnatural B.
something to be feared C. natural D. abnormal
4. Which of the following property of
language enables language users to overcome the
barriers caused by time and place, d
ue
to this feature of language, speakers of a
language are free to talk about anything in any
situation? A. Transferability.
B. Duality. C. Displacement. D.
Arbitrariness:
5. The study of
physical properties of the sounds produced in
speech is closely connected with______. (
大连外国语学院
2008
研
)
A. articulatory phonetics B. acoustic
phonetics C. auditory phonetics
6.
Which of the following statements is true of
Jacobson’s
framework of
language functions?
A. The referential
function is to indulge in language for its own
sake. B. The emotive function is to convey
message and inf
ormation.
C. The conative function is to clear up
intentions, words and meanings. D. The phatic
function is to establish communion w
ith
others.
of the following is a main
branch of linguistics? (
大连外国语学院
< br>2008
研
)
A.
Macrolinguistics B. Psycholinguistics C.
Sociolinguistics
8. ______ refers to
the system of a language, i. e. the arrangement of
sounds and words which speakers of a language have
a
shared knowledge of. (
西安外国
语学院
2006
研
)
A. Langue B. Competence C.
Communicative competence D. Linguistic potential
study of language at one point in
time is a _______ study. (
北二外
2010
研
)
A.
historical B. synchronic C. descriptive D.
diachronic
10.
“An
refer to Confucius even
though he was dead 2,000 years ago.
”
This shows that language
has the design feature of _
____.
A. arbitrariness B. creativity C.
duality D. displacement
11. The
function of the sentence
“Water
boils at 100 degree
Centigrade”
is .
A. interrogative B. directive C.
informative D. performative re is closely
connected with______. (
大连外国语学
院
2008
研
) A.
Langue B. Competence C. Etic
III.
True or False
1.
Onomatopoeic words can show the arbitrary nature
of language. (
清华
2000
< br>研
)
2. Competence and
performance refer respectively to a language
user’s
underlying knowledge
about the system of rules and
the
actual use of language in concrete situations.
3. Language is a means of verbal
communication. Therefore, the communication way
used by the deaf-mute is not language
4.
Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially
creative, and conventionality of language makes a
language be passed from
generation to
generation. As a foreign language learner, the
latter is mere important for us.
5.
The features that define our human languages can
be called DESIGN FEATURES. (
大连外国语学院
2008
研
)
6. By diachronic study we mean to study
the changes and development of language.
7. Langue is relatively stable and
systematic while parole is subject to personal and
situational constraints.
8. Language
change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.
9. In language classrooms nowadays the
grammar taught to students is basically
descriptive, and more attention is paid to
th
e developing
learners’
communicative
skills.
10. Language is a system of
arbitrary, written signs which permit all the
people in a given culture, or other people who
have
learned the system of that
culture, to communicate or interact.
11.
Saussure’s
exposition of synchronic analysis led to the
school of historical linguistics.
12.
Applied linguistics is the application of
linguistic principles and theories to language
teaching and learning.
13. Wherever
humans exist, language exists. (
对外经贸
2006
研
)
14. Historical linguistics equals to the study of
synchronic study.
15. Duality is one
of the characteristics of human language. It
refers to the fact that language has two levels of
structures: the
system of sounds and
the system of meanings.
16.
Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than
descriptive linguistics, because it can tell us
how to speak correct language.
IV. Explain the following terms.
y (
北二外
2010
研；南开大学
2010
研
)
features
ence
cement (
南开
大学
2010
研；清华
2001
研
)
onic
linguistics
6.
Descriptive linguistics
ariness(
四川大学
2006
研
)
V. Short
answer questions
1. Briefly explain
what phonetics and phonology are concerned with
and what kind of relationships hold between the
two. (
北外
2002
研
)
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