-
阅读理解的解题技巧
1
、类型
1
.
直接题目：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，
了解文中所叙
述的重要事实或细节，
就可
以解答出来，
有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
此类考查事实和细节的题目大多
数是针对文章的细节设计的。
2.
概括性题目：
要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、
概括或评价。
此类考
查主旨和大意的题大多数
针对段落（或短文）的主题思想，标题或目的。解这种题目时，不
能只凭文中的只言片语
而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论、结局等有关问题，
都需要在细读全文的
基础上，结合所学语言知识、
背景知识、
生活常识、专业知识进
行逻辑
思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内含的信息。
3.
推理性题目：
这种题目考生往往不能直接从
文中找到答案，
而需要根据上下文及其相互间
的关系或对整篇文
章进行深层理解后，
才能找到答案。
有时甚至还得考虑作者的主
旨、
倾向
等因素加以推理，
才能获得正
确答案。
此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间，
段与段之间的逻<
/p>
辑关系。
4
.
理解性问题：
要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出
解释。
解答这类题目时需要
对有关的上下文，
< br>甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、
立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
< br>此类猜测
词义的题目，要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。
2
、方法：
1
．审视标题，抓住中心
试题中
有的文章有标题，有的没有，拟题人是有所考虑的，画龙点睛，龙就活了。标
题是文章主
题的高度凝聚。
它能给我们启发和想象，
想象文章的内容和走向
。
这样做有利于
对文章的理解，能提高做题的效率。
2
．浏览全文，掌握全貌
如果时间紧，至少要快速通读全文
，尤其是首两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来，
这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。
3
．细读题目，抓住要点
细读文
后的题目的目的在于审视这些题目是针对什么提出的。
若文章短可先读短文，
后看文后题目；若文章长，为了能迅速抓住要点，可以颠倒过来，先浏览题目，然后再读文
章，这样就可以带着问题去读文章，能加深对要点的理解。
4
．细读文章，掌握细节
这次应细品，不可一晃而过。可边
读边用铅笔做些标记，把有关的人物、事件、时间、
地点、起因（即五个
W
：
who, what, when,
where, why
）划出来。
经
过这样的处理，你对
文章的内容和细节便会胸有成竹，对事态的发生、发展和解决有了更
加深入的了解。
5
．理解大意，初选答案
一般短
文都设有五个题目，对那些表层理解的题目可以断然选定。对那些深层理解的
题目，
应再查阅原文，
但决不是简单重读，
应找出
依据，
把所选答案代入文中，
再确定正误。
在选择答案时，
对文章和选择题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思，
切忌望文生义，
作
出错误的判断。
6
．复读全文，核对答案
要用全
文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在的联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那
些未获解答的
题，对照题目，推测判断，确保理解无误。
根据上下文猜测词义。猜测词义也
是一种英语阅读能力。
英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。
任何一个实词，
只有在一定
的上下文中才能表示一
个确定的词义。
上下文的作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、
短语
或句
子的意义。
据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义
，
即从已知推求未知，
也就是用
我们所
熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。
7
．瞻前顾后，首尾突破
对一具体问题不要局限于一词一事
，而应从短文整体考虑，从主线向外扩展，打开思
路，前后上下对照。这样，可减少“钻
牛角尖”和“繁琐分析”。而且，在中考试题中，即
使是事实和细节题，
也是“围绕或用以说明主旨和大意”的。
大多数短文，
尤其是新闻报道
或议论文的第一段，
或每段的第一句，
常包含了全文的主要信息或基本观点；
而结尾部分常
是结局或结论。
寓言或幽默文字的结尾也往往是点晴之笔或值得玩味之处。
因此，
抓住首尾
往往抓住了主要矛盾，主要矛盾
解决了，次要矛盾也就迎刃而解了。
典型例题分析
根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
Mr
Brown
first
went
to
look
at
the
underground
-
fire
when
he
was
seven.
the
hole
（洞）
in the earth you
could see the orange fire, but you had to look
fast
because it was so
hot,
（再一
次）
.
Now, we can only see the
smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the
underground
- fire. In fact, there are
260 coal
（煤）
fires in the
world. They are
harmful
（有害）
and dangerous.
Then how to put them out?
Scientists have tried to
set
（放置）
fire to underground
coal to speed
up
（加
速）
the fires.
In this way, the
burning
（燃烧）
of underground
coal would be soon
finished.
（被烧完）
。
1.
Mr Brown first saw the underground -
fire ________.
A. at the age of seven
B. seven years
old
C. in the year of 1898
D. more
than
（超过）
80 years ago
2.
Mr Brown said that we
had to take a fast look at the fire because
________.
A. it was in the hole
B. it was very hot
C. it was
orange
D. it was harmful
3. How many coal fires are there in
the world?
A. There's only one.
B. It's hard to say.
C.
There are 260.
D. The
article
（文章）
doesn't tell us.
4. What
’
s one of
the best ways to put
out
（扑灭）
the underground fire?
A.
To
cover
（覆盖）
the holes with
stones
（石块）
.
B.
To speed up the fires.
C.
To see the fires burning.
D. To do some
experiments
（试验）
.
5. What is the best
title
（标题）
for the article?
A.
Watching the Underground
- Fire.
B.
A
Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.
C.
The Burning Earth.
D.
Coal and Coal Fires.
分析
]
1.
在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据。
at
the
age
of
seven
等于
when
he
was
seven
，故正确答案为
A
。
2
< br>．这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正确答案为
B
。
3
．这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正确答案为
C
。
4
．
在文章的最后一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法，
那就是
使火加速燃烧。
正确答案为
B
。
5
．完成这道题需作一定的归纳，因为文章中没有给出直接的回答。文章从
Mr
Brown
两次看火，
然后说出地下火
的危害，
最后提出如何灭火的方法。
文章的前两段是给为什么要
灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。故正确答案为
B
。
根据文章内容判断正误
Fred telephoned his wife.
“
I
’
ve
got two free tickets for the theatre
tonight,
”
he told
her.
“
Meet me outside the
office. We
’
ll have something
to eat and then
go on to the
theatre.
”
Fred
’
s wife was
very pleased. They hadn
’
t
been to the theatre for a long time.
She met her husband as he told her.
They had dinner and got to the theatre just in
time.
At
the
entrance
Fred
took
out
his
wallet
to
get
the
tickets.
“
It
’
s
very
strange,
”
he
said.
“
They
aren
’
t
here!
”
“Try
your
pockets,”
said
his
wife.
But
the
tickets
weren’t there,
either.
Then Fred looked very embarrassed
(
尴尬
).
“
What
’
s the
matter?
”
asked his wife.
“
Well,
”
Fred
said,
“
I
remember
what
I
did
with
my
tickets.
I
put
them
in
my
bag.
But because I
wasn
’
t going home, I left it
in the office!
”
(
) 1. One day, Fred was given the tickets
for the theatre.
( ) 2. Fred and his wife went to the
theatre quite often.
( ) 3. Fred wanted to meet his wife
in a
restaurant.
( ) 4. They reached the theatre
neither
late nor early.
( ) 5. Then Fred
couldn
’
t find his tickets
and remembered what he had
done with the tickets.
1
、
T
因为第一段中提到
Fred told his wife
“
I
’
ve
got two free tickets
…”
“
free
”
此处是免费的意思。
2
、
F
第二段中提到“
They
hadn
’
t been to the theater
for a long
time.
”
3
、
F
第一段中
< br>Fred
说“
Meet me outside the
office.
”
4
、
T
第二段中“
in
time
”是及时的意思。
5T
结尾处提到的。
David
McConnell
sold
books
from
door
to
door.
Housewiv
es(
家
庭
主
妇
)were
not
interested in the books. Usually before
he had enough time to say anything about
his books, the women closed their
doors.
But he
didn
’
t give up.
McConnell decided
to bring
each of them a present, a small bottle of
perfume(
香水
)made by himself.
He soon found that the women liked the
perfume better than the books. He stopped
selling books to sell perfume instead
and started his own company
“
Avon
”
, which
is
a great success.
When you do nothing,
you learn nothing. But when you try, even though
you are not
successful,
you
will
learn
what
doesn
’
t
work
and
that
puts
you
closer
to
what
will
work.
It
doesn
’
t
matter
how
many
times
you
are
not
successful.
It
does
matter
that
you will be successful
one day.
Edison
was
not
on
the
way
to
success
until
people
bought
his
first
invention.
Success once is
enough for Edison. And the same for
you
—
success once is enough.
( ) 1. McConnell was successful as a
book-seller.
( ) 2. McConnell hoped
those women would buy his books if he brought them
each
a present.
( ) 3. If
you do nothing at all, you will never be
successful.
( ) 4. Edison was
successful at the very beginning.
( )
5. The writer encouraged us to try as much as we
can.
1
、
F
从第一段“
He stopped selling
books to sell perfume stead.
”，可以判断出他
在推销书方面并不成功。
2
、
T
第一段第三行提到“
McConnell decided
to bring each of them a
present,
…”。
3
、
T
这句是第二段前两句的解释。
4
、
F
最后一段，第一句说明
Edison
的发明被人们认可后才走上了成功之路。
5
、
T
第二段中作者提出了自己的观点。
S
ociologists(
社会学家
),
working
in
western
countries,
have
found
that
a
large
number
of women wished they had been born men.
The number is said to be as high as 60% in
Germany.
“
Women
often
wish
they
had
the
same
chances
as
men
have,
and
think
it
is
still
men
’
s
world,
”
said Dr
James Helen, one of the sociologists who did the
study.
Many men say that they have more
duties than women. A man has to make money to
support(
养活
)his
family and to make the important decision, so it
is right for
men
to be paid
more. Some are even against their wives working at
all. When wives go
out
to
work,
they
say,
the
home
and
children
cannot
be
taken
good
care
of.
If
women
take full-time jobs,
they won
’
t be able to do
what they are best at doing: making
a
nice home and bringing up the children.
Some women disagree. They say they want
to get out of their homes and to have
freedom(
自由
) to
choose between work and home life. Women have the
right of equal
pay and equal
chances(
平等机会
).
Anne
Harper
has
a
very
good
job.
She
also
believes
in
“
Women
’
s
Li
beration(
解放
).
”
“
I
don
’
t wish I were a man,
”
she says,
“
and I
don
’
t think many women do.
But
I do wish people would stop
treating(
对待
) us like
second
—
class people.
At work, for example, we usually do the
work that men do but get paid less. There
are still a lot of jobs only to
men
—
usually they are the
best ones. If you are a
man, you have a
much better chance of living a wonderful life. How
many women
scientists are
there
…
or
engineers?
”
( )
1. many men think__________.
A. women
can
’
t do what men can
B. men have to work much harder
than women
C. men can make money more
easily than women
D.
women
’
s duty is mainly to do
housework at home
( ) 2. Some women
have different ideas, They say that__________.
A. women need chances to go out of the
home more often
B. women want more
freedom in deciding the kind of life they want
C. if women are given equal pay, they
can do everything instead of men