-
八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳
M1
重要语法：
感官性系统词：
feel(
摸起来
)
、
look(
看起来
)
、
smell(
闻起来
)
、
taste(
尝
起来
)
sound(
听起来
),
后接形容词作表语，不能接副词。构成疑问句或否定句
要借助助动词。
The silk dress
feels soft.
The flowers
look very beautiful.
Does
it smell nice?
The song
doesn’t sound
be noisy.
2. What a delicious smell!
多么香啊！
对名词或名词短语感叹用
what
感叹句结构：
①
What+ a/an
+
形容词
+
单数可数名词
+
（主语
+
谓语）
！
What an interesting
book it is!
②
What+
形容词
+
不可数名词
/
复数名词
+
（主语
+
谓语）
！
What
bad weather it is today!
What good
students they are!
对形容词、
副词或动词感叹用
how
③
How +
形容词
/
副词
+
< br>主语
+
谓语！
How fast he is running!
How delicious it smells!
How I miss the days we spent
together!
我多么怀念我们一起度过的日子！
3.I’m afraid+
句子
:<
/p>
恐怕
……
I’m afraid
he
has no time today.
4. be done
做好了
Is your
homework done?
你的作业做好了吗？
Dinner is
done!
晚饭做好了！
5.
have a try
试一试；尝一尝
a sweet tooth
喜好甜食
for=thank
you for+
名词
/
动词
-ing
。因
……
而感
谢你。
Thanks for your
help.=Thanks for helping me .
Thank you for
inviting me to your party.
8. hear from…=get /receive a letter fro
m…
收到
……
的来信
< br>
’t wait to do
sth.
迫不及待去做某事
I can’t wait to see you.
10.
人
+ spend+
时间（
in
）
doing
sth.
。
=It takes +
人
+
时间
+to do sth.
某人花费
多少时间做某事
He
spent
two
days
(in)
reading
the
novel.=It
took
him
two
days
to
read
the
novel.
也（置于句末，前加逗号）
also
也
(
置于居中
be
或情态动词之后
)
as
well
也（置于句末，前不加逗号）
proud of…
以
……
为豪
My
parents are proud of me.
13. How do you
feel about+
名词
/
动词<
/p>
-ing
？
=What do you
think of+
名词
/
动词
-ing
？你觉得
……
怎么样？
How do you feel about the
film?=What do you think of the film?
How
do
you
feel
about
coming
to
China?=What
do
you
think
of
coming
to
China?
14.
be afraid of+
名词
/<
/p>
动词
-ing
：害怕
….
I am afaid of dog/going out at
night.
be
afraid of doing sth.=be afraid to do sth.
害怕做某事
She is afraid of sleeping alone at
night.= She is afraid to sleep alone at night.
15. What does sb. look
like?
某人长得怎么样（问外表）
答：
short/tall/young/pretty…
What is sb
like?
某人性格怎么样？（问性格或品质）
答：
quiet/nice/strict/kind..
-What does your English teacher look
like? -He is tall with pair of glasses.
-What is your English teacher like?
-He is strict but friendly.
M2
重要语法：
< br>现在完成时（一）
：描述过去已经、曾经或还没有做过某事的经历或体验，对现<
/p>
在造成的影响。
结构：
have/has +
动词过去
分词
——
(
否定
)
haven’t/hasn’t
+
动词过去分词
含义：已经
/
曾经做过
…
还没有做过
…
标志词：
already
、
ever
、
never
、
yet
、
just
等。
I have seen the movie
.
我已经看过这部电影。
（我现在了解该电影了。
）
He has
already finished his homework.
他已经完成了作业。
（他可以交作业了）
We haven’t had dinner yet.
我们还没有吃晚饭。
（我们现在饿）
Have you ever entered a
speaking competition?
你曾经参加过演讲比赛吗？（变
一般疑问句把
have/has
提到句首）
Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
a competition=take part in
a competition
参加竞赛
sb.(to) do
sth.
帮助某人做某事
He often helps me learn English.
4.
afford
sth.
买得起某物
I can’t afford the new
bike.
afford to do sth.
付得起钱去做某事
=have enough money to buy sth.
She can’t afford to go to
school.
她没钱去上学。
5.
stop to do sth.=stop and
then do sth.
停下来去做某事
stop doing
sth.
停止做某事
I’m
tired. Let’s stop to have a
rest.
我累了。让我们停下来休息一下吧！
It’s time for class now. Let’s stop
talking.
上课时间到了！让我们不要讲话了！
6. make up
编写
make up a
story
编故事
make it/them up
(
代词要放中间
)
sb. to
do sth.
邀请某人做某事
8.
fifteen-year-
old
十五岁的（复合形容词中的名词不能加
s
,
作定语）
fifteen years old
十五岁
（短语，不能作定语，常作表语）
He is fifteen years old.=He is a
fifteen-year-old boy.
the moment
=now
此刻（常用于现在进行时中）
10.
have/has
been
to+
某地：曾经去过某地（人已经回来，常与次数连用）
have/has
gone to
+
某地：到某地去了（人未回，
不能与次数连用
）
have/has
been in +
某地：在某地呆
/
逗留（常与
for
+
时间段连用）
I have
been to Hong Kong
twice
.
He isn’t here now. He has gone to the
USA.
We have been in China
for 20 years.
11. be different from…
与
…..
不同
it +
形容词
+ to do
sth.
发现做某事是
….
的（
it
是形式宾语，无义，替代
后面不定式）
I
find it easy to learn maths.
我发现学数学很容易。
Tony finds it hard to speak Chinese.
托尼发现说汉语很难。
13. so
far
到目前为止（常用于现在完成时）
So far I
have learnt 3
，
000 English
words.
14. all over the
world=around the world
全世界
down
倒数
M3
1.
already
已经（常用于现在完
成时肯定句句中或句末）
I have already known
him
yet
尚，还（常用于现在完
成时否定句或疑问句句末）
Has it arrived
yet
？
just
刚刚（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中）
They have
just arrived.
2. What are your up
to?=What are you
doing?
你在忙什么？
3.I’m not sure
how to make
it
.= I’m not sure
how I can
make it.
4. That’s why ….
那就是
……
的原因了。
5. in order
to+
动词原形：
为了
…
He works so hard in order
to
get the best score.
so
that+
句子
=in order
that+
句子：为了
…
He works so hard so that (in order
that) he can get the best score.
6.
there is
——
(
现在完成时形
式
)there has been
已经有
/
存在
there are
——
(
现在完成时形式
)t
here have been
已经有
/
存在
There have been many buildings in our
village since 15 years ago.
around
围绕
……
转
8. none of +
名词复数
/
宾格
+
动词（单
/
复形）
：
……
没有一个（既指人也指物）
no one +
动词（单）
=nob
ody
（仅指人，不与
of
连用，常
用于
who
提出的问
题）
None of the students know(s) the
anwer.
没有一个学生知道答案。
-How many people are there in the room?
–
None.
一个也没有（强调数量）
No one knows the answer.
–Who’s in the classroom?
- No
one.
没有人（强调有没
有人）
9. be
called…
被称为
……
10.a small part
of…
…….
的一小部分
11.
communicate with…
< br>与
……
联系
doing sth.
完成做某事
back
回信
M4
重要语法：
< br>1.
现在完成时（二）
：描述一个动作或状态从过去持续
到现在乃至将来有多长时
间。常与
“
for+
时间段
/since+
时间点
”
、
so far
、
recently
（最近）
、<
/p>
in the last
10
years
（最近十年）等表示持续的时间连用，也用于
how
long
问句中。
I have learnt English for 6 years.
He has lived here since he was born.
China
has
changed
a
lot
in
the
last
30
years.
How
long
have
you
learnt
English?
特别注意：
在现在
完成时
（二）
中，
与
< br>
“for+
时间段
/sinc
e+
时间点
”
或
how long
问句中，动词必须为可
延续性动词
（
learn,
stay,
live
…
）
，不能为
短暂性动词
(buy, borrow, die…
),
若为短暂性动词则要转换成延续性动词或短语。
如：
buy
–
have
borrow----keep/have
leave----be away die----be
dead
come/go/reach
—
be
in
join the party------
be in
the party……
错误：
I have bought the bike for 3 days.(buy
为短暂性动词，
不能与
for
+
时间
段连用
)
正确：
I have had/kept the bike for 3 days.(
将
buy
改为延续性动
词
have
2.
（问）
--
How
long…?
多久
…..?
（答）
---For +
时间段
/since+
时间点。
How long have you been like this?
你这样多久了？
I have been ill for about
three days.
我生病大约三天了。
a cold
感冒
have a
fever
发烧
take one’s temperature
测量某人的体
温
do
exercise
锻炼
fast food
快餐
not usually
不经常
three times a
day
一天三次
4. be
harmful to …
对
…..
有
害
Playing
computer games is harmful to your eyes.
5. by doing…
通过做
….
decide
（
not
）
to do sth.
决心
（不）<
/p>
做某事
in
excellent
/bad condition
身体状
况良好
/
差
ride to work=go
to work by bike
骑车上
班
arrive at/in=get to =
reach
到达
with a smile on one’s face
面带笑脸
go for a
run
去跑步
feel awful
感到不适
all
over
浑身；遍及
6. too
…to…
太
……
而不能
……
The boy is too young to go to
school.
sb. to do
sth.
选择某人去干某事
on the
way
在路上
M5
’s time to (
动词
)do
sth.=It’s time for
（名词）
sth.
该做某事的时候了。
It’s time to
have class.=It’s time for
class.
play games.=
games.
eat
dinner.=
dinner
（
fought foutht
）
sb.
打某人
fight with
sb.
与某人打架
fight fo
r…
为
……
而战
3.
fly through
飞越
climb up
爬上
4. I want to be someone like
him.
我想成为想他那样的人。
5. keep doing
something
不断做某事
keep sb. doing
sth.
让某人一直做某事
keep sb from doing sth.
=stop sb. from doing
sth.
阻止某人做某事
Keep trying
, and
you’ll succeed
（成功）
.
不断尝试，你就会成功！
6.
can’t help doing
sth.
情不自禁做某事
She
couldn’t help
crying
when she heard the news.
I
can’t help
m
issing you when I see the photos.
The little boy
can’t help
dancing
with the rock music.
=more than
超过
the heart of
sb.
赢得某人的心
The boy won the heart of the beautiful
girl.
a terrible mess
弄得一团糟
to do sth.
期待做某事
I expect to
see you soon.
since +
句子
(
一般过去时
)
常用于
现在完成时）
We have known each other
ever since we were young.
12.
in the
1980s
在二十世纪八十年代
in
1980
在
1980
年（没有
the
和
s
）
real life hard to
understand=find it hard to understand real hard
发现现实生活难以理解
find +
宾格
+
形容词
+ to
do…=find it +
形容词
+to do+
宾格：发现做
…
是
…
的
14. as well
as=with/and also
和；以及；也；像
……
一样好
He can speak English as
well as French.
他会说英语，也会说法语。
Tony as well as his parents lives in
China now.
托尼和他的父母现在住在国。
（动词要根据就远原则，与
as well as
前的主语人称和数一致）
I can speak
English as well as
him.
我的英语说得想他一样好。
to life
复活
/
恢复生气
popular with
sb.
收到某人的欢迎
17.
几种时态区别
:
时态
概念
谓语动词形式
时间
标志词
一般现在时：经常发生或习惯性地动作
动词原形
/
三单
often
usually
sometimes
every
day/week…
一般过去式：
过去发生的动作或状态
动词过去式
yesterday
…ago
just
now
,last
week/year…
现在完成时：
①
已经或曾经干过某事，
对现在的影响
have/has+
过去分词
already
yet
just
never….
②
过去发生的动作持续到现在或将来有多久。
for+
时间段、
< br>since+
时间点，
so far,
rencently…
M6
1. take up
①
占据（空间
/
时间）
The desk took
up too much room.
Playing computer games has taken up
most of his time.
②
从事
He took up art at school.
他在学校教美术。
2. find
somewhere to sit down
找地方坐下
3. a bit of
+
不可数名词
=
a little
of
a bit of food/orange
juice…
a bit of a
mess
有点乱
a bit +
形容词
/
副词
= a little
a
bit
tired/hungry…
区别：
not a
bit:
一点也不
not a little:
很
/
非常
4. must
一定（表推测）
It must be really valuable.
他一定很值钱。
5. as+(
形容词
/
副词
)<
/p>
原级
+as:
像
……
一样
…
He is
as tall as his brother.
否定：
not
as… as…
不如
…..
Tom is not as tall as his
brother.
6. in one’s
life
在（某人）一生中
7.
make sb./sth. +
动词原形
：使某人
/
某物做某事
Don’t
make me
l
augh
.
The boss made
the worker work for a long time.
类似：
let sb./sth. +
动词原形：让某人
/
某物做某事
8. grow as a person
长大成人
9
. some…others…
一些
……
另外一些
……
10
. develop one’s
interest
培养某人的兴趣
11. as
well as=besides
除了
…..
之外，还包括
….
As
well as Tom, his parents came to the party.
汤姆和他的父母都来参加了这个聚
会。
12. encourage sb. to do
sth.
鼓励某人做某事
13.
come out
出版；外出；
14. as a result
结果
as
a result of….
由于
…….=because
of……
He didn’t work hard,
as a
result
, he didn’t pass the
exam.
15. be interested in+<
/p>
名词
/
动词
-i
ng
:
对
……
感兴趣
I am very
interested in maths.
Are you interested in
dancing
?
16. sb.
spend+
时间
+doing sth.
某人花费多少时间做某事。
= It takes
sb.+
时间
+ to do sth.
He
usually spends lots of time playing computer
games.
=It usually takes him lots of
time to play computer games.
M7
1. prepare for…
为
…..
做准备
= get
ready for
2. make a list of…
列
……
的清单
3. get … ready
把
……
准备好
sounds
crazy.
这听起来很荒唐。
5. I don’t know
what to
take.
（简单句
= I don’t
know
what I should
take.
（复合句）
6. at
the end of
在
…..
的尽
头
/
结尾
7.
Is
200 dollars
enough?
（金钱、时间、距离做主语时，视作单数）
50 years
is
long time.
100 metres
is
a short distance.
8. had better
+
动词原形：最好做某事
You
had better stay
home at
night.
否定：
had better not +
动词原形：
最好不要做某事：
You’d
better not go out now.
9. by
the way
顺便说一下
go crazy
变疯
in
a group of 20
二十人一组
10.
①
offer sb.
sth.= offer sth. to
sb.
向某人提供某物
He offered the poor lots of food and
water.
②
offer to do sth.
自愿去做某事
They offered to help me.
11. learn about
了解
at the same
time
同时
be well
trained
受过良好培训
depend on
依赖；取决于
14. provide sb.
sth.
提供某人某物
= provide sb. with
sth./provide sth. for sb.
15. set tests
安排考试
form close friendships with…
与
…..
结成亲密的友谊
stay in touch with…
和
< br>……
保持联系
take trips to…<
/p>
到
……
去旅行
at
least
至少
fill out
填写
M8
1.
重要语法：宾语从句：在
复合句中充当宾语的
句子
。
本模块重点：由
that
引导的宾语从句，
that
无义，可省
,
后接陈述句作宾语。
宾语从句复合句
=
主句
+
引导词
+
宾语从句
。
I can hardly
believe
(that)
we’re in the city centre
.
Tony guesses that the park is very
popular.
Lingling suggests that they
spend the day there.
Lingling doesn’t
think
the park will be busy.
主句和从句的时态关系：
①
主句：一般现在时
从句：需根据实际情况用不同时态
She says (that) she works from Monday
to Friday.
（从句为一般现在时）
She says (that) she will
leave a message on his desk.
（从句为一般将来时）
My grandparents
often tell me they lived a hard life in the
past.
（从句为一般过去
时）
Xiaoming says he has
already finished his homework.
（从句为现在完成时）
②
主句：一般过去时
从句：一般过去时
/
过去时的某种时态
He
said (that) there were no classes yesterday
afternoon.
（从句用一般过去时）
He said (that) he was going to take
care of the baby.
（从句用过去将来时）
Our teacher told us he had taught here
for 20 years.
（从句用过去完成时）
③
特殊情况：从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间
改
变而改变的事实时，不管主句为何种时态，从句总是用一般现在时。
< br>
He said that light travels much
faster than sound.
他说光比声音传播得快
)
The
teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.
（客观事实）
She
said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older
than her.
（客观事实）
My father told us(that) nothing is
difficult if we put our hearts into
it.
（
客观真理）
注意
：
当主句的谓语动词是
t
hink
或
believe
，
宾语从句要表达否定时，
要把从句
的否定
转移到主句
上。
I don't think he is going to help you
with your English.
We don’t believe
that we have won the basketball match.
2. hardly
几乎不
=
almost not
He can hardly believe the
result, can he?
（前否后肯）
3.
so …that…
如此
……
以至于
……
The little boy is so young
that
he can’t go to school.
=The little boy is too young to go to
school.
= The little boy is not old
enough to go to school.
so that
…
以便；为了
=in order thar
He got up early so that he could catch
up the early bus.
4. hear sb./sth.+
动词原形：听见某人
/
某物（经常
/
过去）做
…….
hear
sb./sth.+
动词
-ing:
听见某人
/
某物正在做
…….
I often hear her play the piano
in her room.
I heard her play the piano
in her room last night.
I hear her
playing the piano in her room now.
5.
be famous for
因
……
而
著名
be famous as+
职业
/<
/p>
身份：作为
……
而出名
< br>
This park is famous for its lake.
Luxun is famous as a writer.
6. allow doing
sth.
允许做某事
They don't allow smoking
here
allow sb. to do
sth.
允许某人做某事
His parents allowed him to go out with
me.
allow+that
从句：
He
allowed that they were right.
他承认他们是对的
7. It’s
better (for sb.) to do
sth.
（对某人来说）最好去做某事。
It’s better for
you to stop smoking.=You had better stop
smoking.
8. point
out
指出
point at/to…
指着（近
物
/
远物）
9.
at the top of
在
……
的顶部
move about
四处走动
10. promise to do
sth.
答应做某事
He
promised to help us.
promise not to do sth.
保证不做某事
Tony promised not to talk in class.
promise +that
从句
:
My parents promise that they will buy me a new
shirt.
a wonderful
time
玩得开心
magic land
仙境
square
kilometer
平方公里
by a small lake
在小湖边
wake sb. up
唤醒某人
12. without doing
…
没有做
….. We came
out without
making any noise.
is a pity
that+
从句。真遗憾
….. It’s a pity
that you hav
e missed the party.
down the path
顺路而下
leaves off
plants
从植物扯下叶子
16. the second largest
第二大
….
(the +
序数词
+
最高级：第几最
…..)
asleep
入睡
M9
1
.
重要语法：
①
if/whether
引导的宾语从句复合句，
if/whether
意为
“
是否
”
，用
在将直接引语
（说话人说得话）
< br>为一般疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语
（转述他
人的话）
的复合句中做引导词，
转化后需将一般疑问句变为陈述句，
即
陈述语序
。
基本结构：主句
+if/wheth
er+
宾语从句（用陈述语序）
（直接引语）
“
Are you a
teacher?
” he asks.
（间接引语）
He asks
if/whether I am a teacher.
（直接引语）
“Have you finished
your home work?”the teacher asked him.
（间接引语）
The
teacher asked if/whether I had finished my home
work.
间接引语也就是
if/whether
引导的宾语从句
He wants
to know if it will rain tomorrow.
I
don’t know
whether he is at home or
not.
注：
if
和
whether
一般情况下可以互
换使用，但如下情况，不能用
if,
只能用
whether:
⑴在动词不定式之前只能用
whether
I don't know
whether to accept or
refuse
（拒绝）
.
⑵在
whether ……
or
not
的固定搭配中。
Let
me know whether you can come or not.
⑶
在介词后，只能用
whether
。
I
worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
⑷宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用
whether
。
Whether it is
true or not, I can't tell.
⑸用
if
会引起歧义时，只用
whether
。如用
whether
可避免歧义。
②
特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（
w
hat/where/when/which/why/how/how
many…
）
基本结构：主句
+
< br>特殊疑问词
+
宾语从句（用陈述语序）
< br>
直接引语为特殊疑问句的
简单句转化为间接引语复合句时，
用原来的特殊疑问词
作引导词
，但后面需改为陈述句，即陈述语序。
（直引）
“What’ s your
name?”
Mr. Li asks me.
（间引）
Mr. Li asks what my name
is.
（直引）
“Why did he ask for
help?”
he asked.
（间引）
He asked why he asked
for help.
间引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。
Where does he
come from?
I don’t
know.
（合并句子）
I
don’t know
where he comes from.
（
合并后，
原来的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，
故要改为陈述句，因为它不再是问句了）
How
can I get there?
Can you tell me?
（合并句子）
Can you
tell me how I can get
there?
（解析同上）
注：
if/whether
和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句，主句和
从句的时态与
that
引导的宾语从句复合句一样，需注意主从句时态的变化。
2. mention sth. to
sb.
向某人提及某事
3.
take a message
（
for
sb.
）
：
（为某人）捎口信
4.
打电话用语：
Who’s
calling?=Who’s that
speaking?
你是哪位？
Is
that
… (
speaking)?
你是
……
吗？
This is …
speaking.
我是
……
Could/May I
speak to…?
我可以和
…..
说话吗？
5. have a problem with
sb.
和某人之间出了问题
separated
分开
7.
explain sth. to sb.
向某人解析某事
Please explain the meaning to me.
explain +
疑问词
+
不定式：
Coul
d you explain how to do it well?
explain
+
宾语从句：
Could you explain what
happened then?
to do
sth.
拒绝做某事
He
refused to help me.
9. feel/be
sure of….
对
……
有把握
10. regret to do
sth.
遗憾地
（要）
做某事
（还未做）
regret---
regretted--regretted
I regretted
scloding him the other day.
我后悔几天前责备过他。
regret doing st
h.
后悔做过某事
(
已经做过了）
I reget to tell
you that you are dismissed.
我遗憾地告诉你：你被开除了。
11. be patient with
sb.
对某人耐心
12.
introduce A to B:
把
A
介绍给
B
（认识）
13. encourage
sb. to do
sth.
鼓励某人做某事
My parents
always encourage me to study hard.
14.
have a hard time
过的艰难；遇到麻烦
15.
从句中某些特殊疑问词的另义：
wh
at
所
…
的
where…
的地方
when…
的时间
I
believe that the world is what you think it is.
我相信世界就是你所想的那样！
This is where I was born.
这就是我出生的地方。
16.
the early autumn
初秋
time
每次；每当
18.
in silence=silently
安静地
All the students are
studying hard in silence .
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