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英语中的时态一共有八种，它们是：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、现在完成时、
一般将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时。
今天我们所要讲的就是第一种：
一般
现在时
——
表示一般性，
经常性的动作
或一般性事实。
1
、含有
be
动词的句子
He is a teacher.
The girl is very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are students.
★
变疑问句将
be
动词移到句首
Is he a teacher?
Is the girl very
beautiful?
Are Tim and
Jack students?
★变否定句在
be
动词后面加
not
He is not a teacher.
The girl is not very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are not
students.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, he is. / No, he is
not.
Yes, she is. / No,
she is not.
Yes, they
are. / No, they are not.
2<
/p>
、不含有
be
动词的句子，即含有一般动
词的句子。
(1)
第三人称单数及单数名词
He likes books.
She likes him.
The dog likes
bones
.
★变疑问句在句首加
does,
动词变为原型
Does he like books?
Does she like him?
Does the dog like bones?
★变否定句在主语及动词之间加
doesn't,
动词变为原型，
原句中的动词不再有第三人称变
化
。
He doesn't
like books.
She doesn't
like him.
The dog
doesn't like bones.
★肯定回答及否定回答：
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Yes, she does. / No,
she doesn't
Yes, it
does. / No, it doesn't.
注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动
词后面加
S
，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句
时名词复数没有任何变化。
(2)
其他人称及复数名词
I want to have a bath.
We have some meat.
The students like
smart
teachers.
★变疑问句在句首加
do
Do you want to have a bath?
Do we have any meat?
Do the students like smart teachers?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加
don't.
You don't want to have
a bath.
We don't have
any meat.
The students
don't like smart teachers.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
Yes, we do. /
No, we don't
Yes, they do. / No,
they don't.
现在进行时
——
表示现在正在进行的动作
构成：主语＋
be
动词＋动词的现在分词＋其
它成分
We are
having lunch.
He is reading a book.
The dog is running after a
cat.
The boys
are swimming
across
the
river.
★变疑问句将
be
动词
移到句首
Are we having lunch?
Is he reading a book?
Is the dog
running after a cat?
Are the boys swimming across the river?
★变否定句在
be
动词后面加
not
We are not having lunch.
He is not reading a book.
The dog is not
running after a cat.
The boys are swimming across the river.
★特殊疑问句：
what, which, how,
where, who, etc.
疑问词＋动词＋主语＋现在分词
What are you doing?
What is she
doing?
What is
the dog doing?
没有进行时的动词（必背）
表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作：
1.
表示感觉，感官的词
see, hear,
like, love, want
2. have, has
当
“
拥有
”
讲时没有进行时
一般过去时
表示过去发生的动作或事件，
常和表示过去的时间状语连用，
如
yesterday, last night, the
day before yesterday, 3 days ago...
含有
be
动词的句子，将
be
动词变为过去式。
am,
is
的过去式为
was, are
的过
去式为
were
：
I was at the
butcher's
.
You were a student a year
ago.
The
teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.
< br>★变疑问句将
be
动词移动到句首
Were you at
the butcher's?
Were you a student a year ago?
Was the teacher
very beautiful ten years ago?
★变否定句在
be
动词后面加
not
I was not at
the butcher's.
You were not a student a year ago.
The teacher was
not very beautiful ten years ago.
★肯定回答否定回答
Yes, I was. / No, I was
not.
Yes, you
were. / No, you were not.
Yes, he/she was. / No, he/she was not.
★特殊疑问句
What did you
do?
（必背）
< br>不含有
be
动词的句子，将动词变为过去式：
I
finished my homework yesterday.
The boy went to a
restaurant
.
The Sawyers lived at King
Street a year ago.
★变疑问句在句首加
did
，动词变为原型
Did you finish your
homework yesterday?
Did the boy go to a restaurant?
Did the Sawyers
live at King Street a year ago?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加
did not
I did not
finish my homework yesterday.
The boy did not go to a
restaurant.
The
Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Yes, he did. /
No, he didn't.
Yes, they did. / No, they did not.
现在完成时
构成：主语
+
助动词
have,
has+
过去分词
用法：
1
）
表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和
just,
usually, already,
since
等时
间副词连用。
I have just had
lunch.
（饱了，不用再吃了。）
He has had a
cup of tea.
（不渴了，不用再喝。）
They have
already had their holiday.
（不能再度假了。）
The boy has already read
the book.
（已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了。）
2
）
询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：
Have you
finished your homework?
Have you been to Beijing?
Have he seen the film?
3
）
表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作
I have lived in Beijing for
twenty years.
I
have worked for this school for 1 year.
4
）
表示一
种经历，经验：去过
…
地方，做过
…<
/p>
事情，经历过
…
事情
I have never
had a
bath
.
I have never seen a film.
I have never
been to cinema.
I have ever been to Paris.
Have been
to
表示去过，
have gone to
表示去了
I have been to
London.
（人已经回来）
He has gone to
London.
（人还在那里）
5
）
表示一种结果，
一般不和时间副词联用
I have lost my pen.
I have
hurt
myself.
He has become a teacher.
She has broken
my heart.
句型变化：
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加
not
.
Have you lost
your pen? I have not lost my pen.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I have. / No, I have
not.
★特殊疑问句
What have you done?
What has he
done?
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：
凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。
注意：
有
些动词表示的动作有一个终点，
不能再延续，
因此不能和表示一
段时间状语连
用。
错：
I’ve left
Beijing for 3 days.
对：
I left Beijing
3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3
days.
一般将来时
——
表示将来将要发生的动作，
经常和
tomorrow, next year, the
day after tomorrow,
the year after the
next, in five hours' time, etc.
表示将来的词联用。
结构：主语
+
助动词
will+
动词原形
I will go to America tomorrow.
The
pilot
will fly to Japan the
month after the next.
Jack will move into his new house
tomorrow morning.
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首
Will you go to America
tomorrow?
Will
the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?
Will Jack move
into his new house tomorrow morning?
★变否定句在助动词后面加
not
I will not go to America
tomorrow.
The
pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the
next.
Jack will
not move into his new house tomorrow morning.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I will. / No, I will
not.
Yes,
he/she will. / No, he/she will not.
Yes, he will. / No, he will
not.
★特殊疑问句
What will you do?
过去完成时
用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。
结构：
had+
过去分词
After she
had finished her homework, she went shopping.
They had sold
the car before I asked the
price
.
The train had left before I
arrived at the
station
.
After/before
引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加
逗号，如果放在主句后则不
用加。
★
变疑问句将助动词移到句首
Had she finished her homework?
★
变否定句在助动词后面加
not
She hadn't finished her
homework.
★
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, she had. / No, she
hadn't.
★
特殊疑问句
What had she done?
过去进行时
——
表示过去正在进行的动作，经常用在
when, while,
as
引导的状语从句中。
结构：
was/were+doing
When my
husband
was going into the dining room this morning, he
dropped
some
coins on the floor.
Their father was
watching TV while they were having dinner.
★变疑问句将
be
动词移到句首
Was their father watching TV while
they were having dinner.
★变否定句在
< br>be
动词后面加
not
Their father was not watching TV while
they were having dinner.
过去将来时
结构：
would do
She said she would go here
the next morning.
两个特殊句型：
there be
句型，
be going to
结构
1
）
Be
going to
结构
——
表示打算
，准备，计划做某事
★结构：主语
+
be
动词
+going to
+
动词原型
I am going to make a
bookcase
.
They are going to paint it.
The father is
going to give the bookcase to his daughter.
★变疑问句将
be
动词移到句首
Are you
going to make a bookcase?
Are they going to paint it?
Is the father going to give
the bookcase to his daughter?
★变否定句在
be
动词后面加
not
I am not going
to make a bookcase.
They are going to paint it.
The father is not going to
give the bookcase to his daughter.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
Yes, they are.
/ No, they are not.
Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
★特殊疑问句（必背）
What are you going to do?
What are they
going to do?
What is the father going to do?
2
）
There be
句型
——
表示哪里有什么东西（某处有某物）
There
is
＋单数名词＋表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）
There is a book
in this room.
There is a pen on the table
There
are
＋复数名词＋表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）
There are two
pens on the table.
There are three schools there.
< br>★变疑问句将
be
动词移到句首
Is there a book
in this room?
Are there two pens on the table?
★变否定句在动词后面加
not
There is not a book in this
room.
There are
not two pens on the table.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, there is. / No, there
is not.
Yes,
there are. / No, there are not.
问句：
一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选
择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句
1
）
一般疑
问句：助动词
/be
动词
+
主语
Are you a teacher? Do you want to have
a cup of tea?
2
）
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词
+
一般疑问句
What is your name?
3
）
选择疑问句：
or
Do you want beef or
lamb
?
4
）
反意疑问句：
肯定陈述句
+
否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分
+
肯定疑问部分
You don't need that pen, do you?
5
）
否定疑
问句：一般疑问句
+
否定词
Aren't you
lucky
? Don't you want have a
rest?
限定词：
some,
any, many, much
? some, any
修饰可数名词或不可数名词，
some
用于肯定句，
any
用于否定句和疑问句。
注意：当期待对方的
答案为肯定回答时用
some
。
I have some milk.
I don't
have any milk.
May I have some milk?
? many
修饰可数名词，
much
修饰不可数名词。在口语中表示
“
很多
”
一般不用
many,
much,
而用
a lot of,
在否定句中表示
“
很多
”
用
many,
much
。
I have a
lot of money.
I don't have much money.
名词
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词：
1
）不可数名词
无法分开的东西：
water,
tea, bread, milk,
rice
抽象的东西：
love, beauty,
coldness
不可数名词有以下特点：
不能用
a,
an
修饰；
不能加
s
；
和单数
be
动词或动词搭配。
2
）可数名词
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，
复数可
数名词要在名词后面加
s
。
名词复数共
有以下几种变化：
?
规则变化的名词复数形式
规则
1
一般情况
+s e.g.
shell
→
shells
book
→
books
规则
2
以
s, x, ch,
sh
结尾
+es e.g.
fox
→
foxes
church
→
churches,
bus
→
buses,
watch
→
watches
规则
3
以<
/p>
o
结尾
+s
或<
/p>
+es e.g.
potato
→
potatoes,
Negro
→
Negroes,
hero
→
heroes,
toma
to
→
tomatoes
，
（
口诀：
黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿
）
，
剩下一般加
s,
radio
→
radios
规则
4
以
f,
fe
结尾的，变
f,
fe
为
ves e.g.
life
→
lives
half
→
halves,
shelf
→
shelves,
city
→
cities,
wife
→
wives
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