-
英语时态
初中阶段应掌握的时态共有八种，<
/p>
即一般现在时，
一般将来时，
一般过去时
，
现在进行时，
过去进行时，
过去将来
时，现在完成时，过去完成时。现从结构，作用，时间状语三方面加以介绍。
●
动词形式分五种：
1.
动词原形→
2.
第三人称单数→
3.
过去式→
4.
过去分词→
5.
现在分词
动词形式
用法及作用
举例
词典
、
单词表所给词形，
用于一般现在
Fl
owers smell sweet.
1.
动词原形
时
（主语为复数）
及情态动词、
助动词
T
hey enjoy dancing to the music.
后。
You should be
more polite.
2.
动
词
原
形
+
用
于现在时单数第三人称。
其词尾变化
He is a
16-year-old student.
s/es
规则与名词复数变化规则相同。
She washes her hands several times.
I wrote a book
last year.
3.
动词过去式
用于一般过去时态。
We were
in Grade Two in 2003.
They had many
tests last week.
4.
过去分词
用于各种完成时态、被动语态。
We
have learned nearly 1600 words.
其变化分为规则和不规则两种。
He
had written 8 letters before 9.
The
classroom is cleaned every day.
5.
现在分词
用于各种进行时态。
现在进行时、
过去
You are
listening to me explaining.
进行时。词尾以
-ING
结尾。
He
was having an exam at 8 yesterday.
一、一般现在时
其结构为：
be
动词
肯定句
主语
+am
，
is
，
are+
其它。
否定句
主语
+am
，
is
，
are + not+
其它。
一般疑问句
Am
，
Is
，
Are+
主语
+
其它？
特殊疑问句
特殊
疑问词
+am
，
is
< br>，
are+
主语
+
其它？
实意动词
1
）主语为第一，二人称及第三人称复数时
肯定句
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它。
否定句
主语
+don't+
动词原形
+<
/p>
其它。
一般疑问句
Do +
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
+do+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它？
2
）主语为第三人称单数时
肯定句
主语
+
动词第三人称单数
+
其它。
否定句
主语
+doesn't+
动词原形
+
其它。
一般疑问句
Does+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
+does+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它？
其作用为：表示习惯性，经常性的动作；表示现在的状态与特征；表示普遍真理
其常用时间状语为
often
，
always
，
usual
ly
，
sometimes
，
everyday(week
，
year...
),
in
the
morning
（
afternoon
，
evening
）等。
Ex . 1. _______ she _______ (go)to the
library every Sunday?
此题为习惯性动作，答案为
Does
，
go.
often _______(swim)in summer.
此题为经常性动作，答案为
swim.
3.______(be)everyone here?
此题表示现在的状态
,
答案为
Is.
earth______(travel)
round the sun.
此题表示普
遍真理
,
答案为
travels.
二、一般过去时
< br>其结构为：
be
动词
肯定句
主语<
/p>
+was
，
were+
< br>其它。
否定句
主语<
/p>
+was
，
were +
not+
其它。
一般疑问句
Was
，<
/p>
Were+
主语
+
其它？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
+was
，
were+
主语
+
其它？
实意动词
肯定句
主语
+
动词过去式
+
其
它。
否定句
主语
+didn't+
动词原形
+
其它。
一般疑问句
Did+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词<
/p>
+did+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它？
其作用为：表示过去的情况或过去习惯性动作
其常用时间状语为
yesterday
，
the day before yes
terday
，
...ago
，
last...
及其它表过去的时间，
如
in 1998
等
.
Ex. 1.I_____the number down on a piece
of paper a moment ago.
A write
B writed C wrote D writing
此题表过去的情况，且
write
为不规则动词，答案为<
/p>
C.
hing______ready before
Father came.
A were B was
C is D are
此题句中暗示为过去时，且
everything
后跟
第三人称单数，答案为
B.
always
_______me last term.
A helped
B helps C helping D help
此题表过去习惯性动作，且
help
为规则动词，答
案为
A.
三、一般将来时
其结构为：
be
动词
肯定句
主语
+will
be+
其它。
否定句
主语
+will not
be+
其它。
一般疑问句
Will+
主
语
be+
其它？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词<
/p>
+will+
主语
+be+
其它？
实意动词
肯定句
主语
+will+
动词原形
+
< br>其它。
否定句
主语
+won't+
动词原形
+
其它。
一般疑问句
Will+
主
语
+
动词原形
+
其它？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词<
/p>
+will+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它？
当主语是第一人称时，助动词可为
shall.
且若为疑问句只能为
shall.
其作用为
:
表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在
的状态
.
也可用
< br>主语
+am
，
is
，
are
＋
going
to do+
动词原形
+
其它来表示计
划，打算或决定要做的事情。
对于很快就会发生的事，还可用
进行时态表将来，但常局限于有位置移动色彩的动词，如
go
，
come
，
leave
等。
其常用时间状语为
tomorrow
，
the day after tomor
row
，
next...
，
in+
时间段及其它表将来的时间，
如
in 2010
等
.
Ex. up
，
or
you_______(be)late.
_____you________(do)tomorrow?
_______(have) 6 subjects next
term.
4.I think it________
again later in the day .
A
rains B will going to rain C is going to
rain D will be rain
________this time next year?
A
will you be B will be you C you will be
D will you going to be
四、现在进行时
其结构为
:
肯定句
主语
+ am
，
is
，
are+
现在分词
+
其他
.
否定句
主语
+ am
，
is
，
are +not+
现在分词
+
其他
.
一般疑问句
Am
，
Is
，
Are+
主语
+
现在分词
+
其他
?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词<
/p>
+am
，
is
，
are+
主语
+
现在分词
+
其他
?
其作用为
:
表示说话当时正在发生的动作或现阶段正
在进行的动作
其常用时间状语为
now
，
this
week
，
these days
等
,
也可是置于句首的
Look
，
Listen.
现在进行
时也可表示最近按计划安排将进行的动作
,
常会有一个表将来的
时间状语。但仅限于少量词
语，如
go
，
come
，
leave
，
arrive
等。
<
/p>
注：表态度
,
情感的动词和感官动词不能
用于进行时态（
like
，
know<
/p>
，
want
，
h
ear
等）
Ex. are
planting trees on the hill.
（改为否定句）
They are not planting trees on the hill.
is writing a letter to his
friend. (
改为一般疑问句
)
Is Tom writing a letter to his
friend?
3.I am getting ready to
run. (
就划线部分提问
)
What are you getting ready to
do?
五、过去进行时
其结构为
:
肯定句
主语
+was
，
were+
现在分词
+
其他
.
否定句
主语
+was
，
were
＋
not
＋现在分词
+
其他
.
一般疑问句
Was
，
Were+
主语
+
现在分词
+
其他
?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词<
/p>
+was
，
were+
< br>主语
+
现在分词
+
其他
?
其作用为：表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作。
其时间状语为：
at this
time
＋过去时间
(at this time
yesterday)
，
at that
time
，
at
＋具体时
间点
+
过去时间（
at
9:00
o'clock
last
night
）
，
from
具体时间点
to
具体
时间点
+
过去时间
(from
7:00
to
10:00
yesterday morning)
。
< br>过去进行时还可以与一般过去时搭配用于时间状语从句中。强调动作延续时用过去进行时，强调动作
瞬间发生时用一般过去时。常用连词为
when
，
while.
Ex. __________(not
work) at that time.
wasn't working.
the teacher___
______(come)in
，
they_________
(talk) loudly.
came
为瞬间发生的动作
,were talking
为持续的动作。
______you_______(read) last night?
如此题强调的是昨夜正在读什么，
则答案为
were
，
reaing
如此题强调的是昨夜读了什么，
则答案为
did
，
read
mother ________(return)while he_______(do)his
homework.
returned
为瞬间发生的动作
,was doing
为持续的动作。
father______(watch)TV while my
mother_________(cook).
was
watching
，
was
cooking
两动词均为持续的动作。
while
后的从句动词必须为进行时态。若
主句和从句均为进行时，连词必须为
< br> while .
六、现在完成时
其结构为：肯定句
主语
+
have
，
has +
过去分词
+
其它。
否定句
主语
+
have
，
has +not+
过去分
词
+
其它。
一般疑问句
Have
，
Has+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其它
?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
+ have
，
has+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其它
?
其作用与时间状语：
1
）表示过去发生的动作影响到现在，常与
already, yet,
ever, never, just, before
等副词连用。
2
）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，常与表一段时间的时间状语连用。如
for+
时间段
,
since+
过去
时间，提问用
How
long.
此外，
so far, in (during)
the last (past)+
时间段
也是该时态的时间状语。
现在完成时
强调过去与现在的联系，而一般过去时只强调过去的动作，与现在无关。
在现在完成时的第二个作用中，必须使用持续性动词，故某些表瞬间的动词需要特定的转换形式。
如：
die---have been
dead
，
open---have been open,
close---have been closed
，
buy
---have had,
borrow---have kept
arrive
(in
，
at),come(to)+ a place---
have been in +a place
，
leave+
a place---have been away
from+ a place<
/p>
，
join+
团体
---have been in+
团体
,have
been a+
团体成员等
Ex.
1 How long have you ______the book?
A borrowed B kept C lent D
bought
答案为
B
。因此处需要
一个持续性动词。
_________each
other since he ______.
A
didn't see
，
left B haven't
seen
，
has left C haven't
seen
，
left
答案为
C.
因
since
的主
句为现在完成时，从句为过去时。
3.____he______(wait) for you for an hour?
Has
，
waited
________just______(have) our lunch.
Have
，
had
far, no man_________(visit) this village. has
visited
七、过去将来时
其结构为：
be
动词
肯定句
主语
+would
be+
其它。
否定句
主语
+would not
be+
其它。
一般疑问句
Would+
主语
+be+
其它？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问
词
+would+
主语
+be+
其它？
实意动词
肯定句
主语
+Would+
动词原形
+
其它。
否定句
主语
+wouldn't+
动词原形
+
其它。
一般疑问句
Would+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问
词
+would+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它？
注：也可用
was
，
were
＋
going to do
的结构来表示。
其作用为
:
表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情
.
此时态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。
Ex. told me that she________(go)to the
park the next day. would go
didn't know when he________(arrive)until he called
us. would arrive
asked if they
________(visit )the farm by bus. were going to
visit
八、过去完成时
其结构为：肯定句
主语
+ had +
过去分词
+
其它。
否定句
主语
+ had + not+
过去分
词
+
其它。
一般疑问句
Had+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其它
?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
+ had+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其它<
/p>
?
其作用为：过去某时之前已发生的动作或情况，即过去的过去
，与现在无关。
此时态常用于
1
）以
by
，
before+
过去时间，时间段
+bef
ore
，
the
(week...)before
为时间状语的简单句中。
2
）主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。
3
）与一般过去时搭配，用于
when
，
after
，
before
引导的时间状语从句中
Ex. ____(be) there twice by the end of
last year. had been
_________(finish)the work before 1998. had
finished
said he ________(see)
the film the week before. had seen
sun________(rise) when he got up. had risen
day,I ________(leave)the
classroom after I ______(clean) it.
left had cleaned
现在完成时中，关于终
止性动词与持续性动词的要求，在过去完成时中，依然适用。
EXERCISES
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.I usually (get) up at
six
，
but yesterday I
(get) up at seven, and tomorrow I
(get) up at eight.
I got
there, you already (start) playing.
(draw) a horse at this time
yesterday.
(study) in this school
for 3 years.
it (not rain)
tomorrow, they (go) fishing.
said
that she (put) on the new dress the next day.
many times the girl (see) the
film since last year?
(collect)
more than two hundred Chinese stamps.
the end of last month, he (teach) us four
English songs.
doctors (operate)
on the sick boy now.
brother
(speak) French well.
(be) a
volleyball match on the playground tomorrow
afternoon.
,the students (have) a
physics lesson in the lab.
we
(arrive) home yesterday afternoon, the wind
(blow) hard.
never (hear) the
story of Miss Evans before.
16.I
(not write) to my friend Mike for a long time.
(not open) the window. It (be)
cold outside.
up! We (wait) for
you.
! Someone (knock) at the door.
you know if he (come) next week?
they (build) a high way between
the two cities.
22.I just (buy)
a
dictionary.
I
(buy)
it
last
week.
Now,
I
(look)
up
a
word
in it.
(finish) junior
middle school in July 1997.
's sister
(play) the piano wonderfully.
didn't
get the tickets because our teacher (give)
them all to the other class.
26. it
(take) you half an hour to finish your homework
yesterday?
teacher told us that we
(not have) a maths test the next Monday.
28. the bus (come) yet?
foreign friends (be) to the Great
Wall twice.
isn't at home. He
(go) to his uncle's.
31.
boy is not hungry. He (have) his lunch.
33.I think the suit (fit) me before
long though it (not fit) me now.
soon as the rain (stop),they (go) out and
played happily.
(call) you in a
day or two.
36.I (tell) her the
news as soon as she (come) back. I promise
you.(
我答应你
)
aunt
(study) in Germany at this time last year.
38 you (read)
this
book? No,
but
I
(borrow)
one
from
the
library
.Would
you
like
to go with me?
keep quiet.
Can't you see we (talk) about something
important?
teacher often (work) at
night but she usually (go) to work on time.
二、单项选择、填空
( )1.
---Where is Kate? ---She _____ to England.
A
．
has been
B
．
has gone
C
．
will be
D
．
will go
(
)____he_____ when his mother opened the door?
A
．
did
，
do B
．
had
done C
．
will do
D
．
was
，
doing
( )3.
---How long _____the man_____? ---For 4 years.
A
．
has
，
died B
．
di
d
，
die
C
．
was
，
died D
．<
/p>
has
，
been dead
( ) told us that she ________ our
factory the next day.
A
．
had visited
B
．
was visited
C
．
would visit
D
．
will visit
(
) _____ not go to the cinema if it _______this
afternoon.
A
．
will
，
will snow
B
．
will
，
snows C
．
do
，
snows D
．
do
，
wi
ll snow
( ) Lee said he _____ never
_____to Japan.
A
．
has
，
gone
B
．
has
，
been
C
．
had
，
gone D
．<
/p>
had
，
been
( ) earth _____ around the sun all
the year.
A
．
has
moved B
．
moved
C
．
moves
D
．
will move
(
)_______his bike
，
he has to
walk to school.
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