-
2018
年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
1.
Stephen
Hawking
：
Science’s Brightest Star
His family released a statement in the
early hours of Wednesday morning confirming his
death at his home in
Cambridge
．
Hawking’s
children
，
Lucy
，
Robert and
Tim
，
said in a
statement
：
saddened that our beloved father passed
away today
．
He was a great
scientist and an
extraordinary man
（
1
）
_______
_ work and legacy will live on for many
years
．
For fellow
scientists and loved ones
，
it was Hawking’s intuition and wicked
sense of humor
（
2
）
________ marked him out as much as the
fierce intellect that
，
coupled with his
illness
，
came to
symbolize
（
3
）
________ unbounded possibilities of the
human mind
．
Hawking was driven to
Wagner
，
but not the
bottle
，
when he
（
4
）
________
（
diagnose
）
with motor neurone disease in 1963 at
the age of 21
．
Doctors
expected him
（
5
）<
/p>
________
（
live
）
for only two more years
．
But
Hawking had a form of the disease that
progressed more slowly than
usual
．
He survived for more
than half a century
．
Hawking once estimated he worked only
1
，
000 hours during his three
undergraduate years
at
Oxford
．
In his
finals
，
he came close
（
6
）
________
a first
﹣
and
second
﹣
class
degree
．
（
7
）
________
（
convince
）
that he was seen as a difficult
student
，
he told his
examiners that if they gave him a first
he would move to Cambridge to pursue his
phD
．
Award a
second and he threatened to
stay
．
They opted for a
first
．
Those who
live in the shadow of death are often those who
live most
．
For
Hawking
，
the
early diagnosis of his terminal
disease
，
and
（
8
）
________
（
witness
）
the
death from
leukemia of a boy he knew in
hospital
，
aroused a fresh
sense of purpose
．
（
9
）
________
there was a cloud hanging over my
future
，
I
found
，
to my
surprise
，
that I was
enjoying life in the present more than
before
．
I began to make
progress with my research
，
．
Taking up his career in
earnest
，
he
declared
：
．
It is a
complete understanding of the
universe
，
why it is
< br>（
10
）
________
it is and why it exists at
all
．
【答案】
whose,that,the,was diagnosed,to
live,between,Convinced,witnessing,Although/Tho
ugh/While,what/as
【考点】
说明文语法填空
【解析】
霍金的家人在星期三凌晨发
表声明，确认他在剑桥的家中死亡．本文简短地介绍了著
名的科学家霍金年轻时的学习情
况和他与疾病作斗争的过程．
【解答】
1
．
whose
．考查定语从句．先行词是
man
，在定语从句中做定语，
所以用
whose
来引
导．
2
．
that
．考查强调句．被强调部分是
Hawking’s
intuition and wicked sense of humor
，
根据强调句的固定结构
It was
+
被强调部分
+that+
句子的剩余
部分．
3
．
the
．考查冠词．这里指：
象征人
类心灵无限的可能性．是特指所以用定冠词
the
．
4
．
was dia
gnosed
．考查被动．根据句意：他被诊断为运动神经元病．
he
与
diagnose
之间是被动
关系，所以答案是
was
diagnosed
．
试卷第
1
页，总
17
页
5
．
to
live
．考查固定短语．
expect sb to do
sth
是固定短语
“
希望某人做某事
”
．
6
．
between
．考查介词．
between…and…
是介词的固定
短语
“
在
…
之
间
”
．
7
．
Convinced
．考查非谓语．主句的主语
he
与动词
convince
之间是被动关系
，所以
用过去分词在句中做状语．
8
．
witnessing
．考查非谓语．动词
witness
的逻辑主语
是
Hawking
，它们之间是主谓关
系，所以用现在分词做状语．
9
．
Although /
though / While
．考查连词．根据句意：我的未来笼罩着一片乌云，令我
惊奇的是，我比以前更享受现在的生活．两句之间是让步关系，所以可以用表让步的
连词
although
，
< br>though
，或者
while
．
10
．
what
．考查表语从句．分析句子可知
___it is
是一个表语从句，从句中缺少表语，
所以用
what
来引导．
Section
B
After
reading the passage below, fill in each blank with
a proper word given in the box.
Each
word can only be used once. Note that there is one
word more than you need.
A.
analysis B. usually C. assures D. pours E.
development F. necessary G. cloudy H.
absent I. cultivate J. allow K.
extremely
He is kindly
The other evening at a dancing club a
young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott
Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have
changed a lot from the first time I met him at
Princeton,
when he was an eager
undergraduate trying his best to
（
1
）
______ himself into a
great
author. He is still trying hard
to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel
which his
wife
（
2<
/p>
）
______ me is far better than
This Side of Paradise
, but
like most of our younger
novelists he
finds it
（
3
）
______ to produce a certain number of short
stories to make the
wheels go around.
That
The Vegetable
, his
play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation
seems to have disappointed rather than
discouraged him. He is still
（
4
）
______
light-
hearted.
I have always
considered him the most brilliant of our younger
novelists. Not one of them
can tough
his style, nor the superb quality of his
satire
（讽刺）
. He has yet to
put them in a
novel with carefulness of
conception and
（
5
）
______ of character. He can become
almost
any kind of writer that his
peculiarly restless character will
（
6
）
______.
Born in St. Paul, he attended
Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first
novel in a training
camp, achieved fame
and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child
and lives in New York.
At heart, he is
one of the kindliest of the younger writers.
Artistry means a great deal to F.
Scott
Fizgerald, and into his own best work he
（
7
）
______ great
efforts. He demands this in
the work of
others, and when he does not find it he criticizes
with passionate earnestness. I
have
known him, after reading a young
fellow-
novelist’s b
ook, to
take what must have been
hours of time
to write him a lengthy, careful
（
8
）
______.
Just what he will write in the future r
emains
（
9
）
< br>______. With a firmer reputation than
that of the other young people, he yet
seems to me to have achieved rather less than
Robert
Nathan and rather more than
Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming
novel should
mean a definite prediction
for future work. It is to be hoped that from it
will be
（
10
）
______ the seemingly unavoidable modern
girls.
【答案】
I,C,F,K,E,J,D,A,G,H
【考点】
试卷第
2
页，总
17
页
< br>
固定用法
高三
名词基础
形容词基础
副词基础
动词基础
选词填空
【解析】
本文主要介绍了
F. Scott Fizgerald
努力成为一名有名作家的故事。他出生在圣保罗，曾
就读于普林斯顿大
学，曾在军队服役，在训练营写了他的第一部小说，获得了名声和
财富，应该说他是最年
轻的作家之一。他虽然他经历了很多艰辛，但是还是勇往直前。
【解答】
（
1
）
I <
/p>
考查固定用法。
cultivate…into
< br>意为
“
把
……
< br>培养成
”
，句意：他尽力把自己培养成
< br>一个伟大的作家。故选
I
。
（
2
）
C <
/p>
考查动词。
assures
考查动词。<
/p>
assure
意为
“
保证
”
。句意：他的妻子向我保证，
他现在正在写一部小说，这部小说比
This Side of Paradise
小说要好看得多。故选
C
。
（
3
）
F <
/p>
考查形容词。
necessary
意为<
/p>
“
必要的
”
。句
意：但就像我们的大多数年轻小说家
一样，他发现有必要制作一些短篇小说来故事顺利进
行。故选
F
。
（
4
）
K <
/p>
考查副词。
extremely
意为
“
极其的
”
。句意
：他仍然是极其轻浮的。故选
K
。
（
5
）
E <
/p>
考查名词。
development
意为
“
发展
”
。<
/p>
句意：他还没有把它们写进一部对人物
的构思和发展都很细致的小说。故选
E
。
（
6
）
J
考查动词。
allow
意为
“
允许
”
。句意：他几乎
可以成为任何一种作家，只要他那
特别不安的性格允许。故选
J
。
（
7
）
D <
/p>
考查名词。
pours
意为
“
倾泻，流出
”
。句意：艺
术对斯科特菲兹杰拉德来说意
义重大，在他自己最好的作品中，他付出了巨大的努力。故
选
D
。
（
8
）
A <
/p>
考查名词。
analysis
意为
“
分析
”
。句意：我
认识他，在读了一本年轻的小说家的
书之后，花了几个小时的时间给他写了一篇长长的、
仔细的分析。故选
A
。
（
9
）
G <
/p>
考查形容词。
cloudy
意为
“
模糊不清的；含糊的
”
。句意：他将来会写的东西仍
然是模糊不清的。故选
G
。
（
10
）
H
考查形容词。
absent
意为
“
缺席的
”
。句意：
人们希望，从这一过程中，那些
看似不可避免的现代女孩将不复存在。故选
H
。
III.
Reading Comprehension Section A
Standards for Schools:
Developing Organizational
Accountability
（绩效）
Quality teaching depends on not just
teacher’s knowledge and skills but on the
environment
in which they work. Schools
need to offer a coherent curriculum focused on
higher-order
thinking and performance
across subject areas and grades, time for teachers
to work
（
1
）
______ with students to accomplish challenging
goals, opportunities for teachers to plan
with and learn from one another, and
regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of thei
r
（
2
）
__
____.
If schools are to become more
responsible, they must, like other professional
organizations,
make evaluation and
assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as
hospitals have standing
committees of
staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation
data and discuss the
（
3
）
______ of each aspect of their
work
—
a practice reinforced
by their accreditation
（评定）
re
quirements, schools must have regular occasions to
examine their practice and
effectiveness.
试卷第
3
页，总
17
页
As Richard Rothstein and colleagues
describe in Grading Education: Getting
Accountability
Right, school-level
accountability can be supported by school
（
4
）
______, like
those
common in many other nations, in
which trained experts evaluate schools by spending
several days visiting classrooms,
（
5
）
______
samples of student work, and interviewing
students about their understanding and
their experiences,
（
6
< br>）
______ looking at objective
data such as test scores, graduation
rates, and so on. In some cases, principals
accompany
the inspectors into
classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations
of the lessons. In this
way, the
inspectors are able to make
（
7
）
______ about the
instructional and supervisory
competence
（能力）
for
principals. As described earlier, inspectors may
also play a role in
ensuring the
（
8
）
______ and
comparability of school-based
assessments
（
as in England
and Australia
）
,
as
well as school’s internal assessment
and evaluation process
（
as in
Hong
Kong
）
.
In most countries’ inspection systems,
schools are rated on the quality of instruction
and
other services and supports, as
well as students’
（
9
）
______ and progress on a wide range
of aspects, including and going beyond
academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular,
personal and social
（
< br>10
）
______, the
acquisition of workplace skills and the
（
11
）
______
to which students are encouraged to
adopt safe practices and a
（
1
2
）
______ lifestyle.
Schools are rated as to whether they
pass inspection, need modest improvements, or
require serious
intervention
（介入）
, and they
receive extensive feedback on what the
inspectors both saw and
（
13
）
______. Reports
are publicly posted. Schools requiring
intervention are then given more expert
（
14
）
__
____ and support, and are placed on a
more frequent schedule of visits. Those
that persistently fail to pass may be placed under
local government control and could be
（
15
）
____
__ if they are not improved.
（
1
）
onally
y
ly
ully
（
2
）
nges
ence
ulum
ces
（
3
）
iveness
ss
ements
（
4
）
ction
tion
tion
eration
（
5
）
ing
ing
g
（
6
）
far as
than
than
well as
（
7
）
nts
ons
试卷第
4
页，总
17
页
ies
（
8
）
ty
ction
（
9
）
ion
ion
（
10
）
sibility
ces
（
11
）
ncy
action
（
12
）
able
ent
（
13
）
iated
ended
（
14
）
ion
tion
（
15
）
down
down
【答案】
B
D
A
C
C
D
A
B
B
A
D
B
C
A
C
【考点】
固定用法
tions
y
t
mance
st
ure
ts
tence
y
ized
ed
ms
ations
down
down
试卷第
5
页，总
17
页
高三
副词的辨析
动词辨析
动词短语
形容词辨析
社会文化
说明文完形
名词辨析
【解析】
本文属于教育文化类阅读，
通过这篇文章作者向我们介绍了判断学校的标准是学校是
否承担起了发展组织学生的责任
，素质教育的实施不仅取决于教师的知识和技能，而
且取决于他们工作的环境。
【解答】
（
1
）
B
考查副词辨析。
A.
occasionally
偶尔地；
B.
closely
紧密地；
C.
strictly
严格地；
D.
pe
acefully
和平地。句意：学校需要提供一个连贯的课程，侧重于高层次的思维和
表现，
跨学科领域和年级，教师与学生密切合作的时间，以实现富有挑战性的目标，故答
案
为
B
。
（
2
）
D
考查名词辨析。
A.
challenges
挑战；
B.
competence
能力；
C.
curriculum
课程；
D.
p
ractices
练习，实践。根据下文
schools
must have regular occasions to examine their
practice and effectiveness
可知
教师有机会互相计划，相互学习，并有规律地评估他们
的实践结果，故答案为
D
。
（
3
）
A
考查名词辨析。
A.
effectiveness
效率；
B.
faults
错误；
C.
progress
进步；
D.
req
uirements
要求。根据下文
schools must
have regular occasions to examine their
practice
and
effe
ctiveness
可知，正如医院有常设的工作委员会，定期开会看评估数据，
讨论工作各方面的有效性，故答案为
A
。
（
4
）
C
考查名词辨析。
A.
instruction
指令；
B.
protection
保护；
C. inspection
视察，检
查；
D.
consideration
考虑。根据下文
In some
cases, principals accompany the inspectors
into
classrooms
可知，正如
Richard Roths
tein
和他的同事们在分级教育中所描述的：获
得问责制的权
利，学校层面的问责制可以得到学校检查的支持，故答案为
C
。
（
5
）
C
考查动词辨析。
A.
taking
带走；
B.
improving
提高；
C.
examining
检查，考试；
D.
copying
复制。像许多其他国家一样，那些受过训练的专家花了好几天的时间访
问教室，
检查学生情况，并采访学生们以了解他们的理解和经验，故答案为
C
。
（
6
）
D
考查固定用法。
A. as far
as
远到
……B. rather
than
而不是；
C. other
than
除了；
D.
as well
as
和，也，除
……
之外，还。采访
学生们以了解他们的理解和经验，以及客观的
数据，如考试成绩、毕业率，故答案为
D
。
（
7
）
A
考查名词辨析。
A.
judgments
判断；
B.
decisions
决定；
C.
inquiries
调查；
D.
su
ggestions
建议。这样，检查员就校长的教学和监督能力作出判断。根据可知，
故答
案为
A
。
（
8
）
B
考查名词辨析。
A.
quantity
数量；
B.
quality
质量；
C.
instruction
指令；
D.
support
支持。根据下文
schools are
rated on the quality of instruction and other
services
and supports
可知，如前所述
，检查员也可以在确保校本评估的质量和可比性方面发挥
作用，故答案为
B
。
（
9
）
B
考查名词辨析。
A.
education
教育；
B.
performance
表现；
C.
attention
注意力；
D. interest
兴趣。在大多数国家的检查制度中，根据教学质量和其他服务和支持，以及
学生在各种方面的表现和进步来评定学校，故答案为
B
。
（
10
）
A
考查名词辨析。
A.
responsibility
责任；
B.
structure
构造；
C.
resources
资源；
D.
be
nefits
利益。包括和超越学术领域，如课外，个人和社会责任，工作场所技能的获
得，
故答案为
A
。
试卷第
6
页，总
17
页
（
11
）
D
考查名词辨析。
A.
frequency
频繁；
B.
consistence
一致性；
C.
satisfaction
满意；
D.
extent
程度。工作场所技能的获得以及鼓励学生采取安全
措施的程度，故答案为
D
。
（
12
）
B
考查形容词辨析。
A.
comparable
可比的；
B.
healthy
健康的；
C.
different
不同
的；
D. u
nique
独一无二的。工作场所技能的获得以及鼓励学生采取安全实践和健康生
活方式的程度，故答案为
B
。
（
13
）
C
考查动词辨析。
A.
appreciated
欣赏；
B.
criticized
批评；
C.
recommended
推荐；
D.
rewarded
奖励。学校被评为是否通过检查，需要适度改进，或需要认真的干预，
根
据督察看到的和推荐的，他们得到了广泛的反馈，故答案为
C
。
（
14
）
A
考查名词辨析。
A.
attention
注意力；
B.
programs
节目；
C.
evaluation
评估；
D.
e
xplanations
解释。需要干预的学校会得到更多专家的关注和支持，并被安排
在更频繁
的访问日程上，故答案为
A
。
（
15
）
C
考查动词短语。
A. set
down
写下；
B. put down
扑灭，镇压；
C. closed
down
关
闭；
D. pulled
down
毁坏。坚持不通过的，可以置于地方政府控制之下，如果不改善，
可以关闭，故答案为
C
。
Section B
Eye Scan Technology Comes to Schools
ABC News: Parents who want to pick up their kids
at school in one New Jersey district
now can submit to
iris
（虹膜）
scans,
as the technology that helps keep our
nation’s
airports and hotels safe
begins to make its way further into American
lives
．
When
picking up a child,
the adult provides
a driver’s license and then submits to an eye
scan
．
If the iris
image camera recognizes his or her eyes, the door
clicks open
．
The Freehold Borough School District launched this
high
﹣
tech security system on
Monday
with funding from the Department
of Justice as part of a study on the system’s
effectiveness
．
As many as four adults can be authorized to pick
up each child in the district, but in order
to be authorized to come into school,
they will be asked to register with the
district’s iris
recognition security
and visitor management
system
．
At this point, the
New Jersey
program is not a
must
．
If
someone tries to slip in behind an authorized
person, the system causes an alarm and
red flashing lights in the front
office
．
The entire process
takes just seconds
．
This kind of technology is already
at work in airports around the country like
Orlando
International Airport, where
the program has been in operation since
July
．
It has 12, 000
subscribers who pay
﹩
79.95 for the convenience
of submitting to iris scans rather than
going through lengthy security
checks
．
An
iris scan is said to be more accurate than a
fingerprint because it records 240 unique
details
﹣
far more
than the seven to
twenty
﹣
four details that are
analyzed in
fingerprints
．
The
chances of being misidentified by an iris scan are
about one in 1.2 million
and just one
in 1.44trillion if you scan both
eyes
．
Phil
Meara, the Freehold District official, said that
although it was expensive, the
program
would help schools across the country move into a
new frontier in child
protection
．
“This is all part of a larger
emphasis,
here in New Jersey, on
school safety,
” he
said
．
“We chose this school
be
cause we were looking for a typical
slightly urban school to
launch the
system
．
”
Meara applied for a
﹩
369, 000 grant on behalf of
the school district and had the eye
scanners installed in two grammar
schools and one middle
school
．
So far, 300 of the
nearly
1, 500 individuals available to
pick up a student from school have registered for
the eye scan
system
．
试卷第
7
页，总
17
页
（
1
）
Why
does the Freehold Borough School District adopt
the eye scan security
system
？
________
ensure the school safety and efficiency of picking
up children
．
encourage more students to register in New Jersey
urban schools
．
test the effectiveness of school security and
management system
．
collect the information of the
children and their beloved
parents
．
（
2
）
What
makes the eye san system more accurate than the
fingerprint system
？
________
sing the data of the authorized people
faster
．
fying the
data of the adults to pick up
children
．
ting
the data of the authorized people
conveniently
．
ing
far more unique details of the authorized
ones
．
（
3
）
How
does Phil Meara help to protect the safety of
children
？
________
asking people to register with the
security system
．
applying for grant to install eye scanners in
schools
．
asking
the department of justice to fund this
program
．
turning
to Orlando International Airport for
help
．
（
4
）
The
eye scan system can be best described
as________
．
and
cheap
．
le and
useful
．
and
accurate
．
r and
helpful
．
【答案】
A
D
B
C
【考点】
阅读理解综合
【解析】
本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读
，主要讲述了为了保障学生安全，虹膜扫描仪被应用于学
校．
【解答】
（
1
）
A
．细节理解题．根据
Parents who want to pick up their kids at school in one New
Jersey district now
can submit to iris
（虹膜）
scans
，
as the technology
that helps keep our
nation’s airports
and hotels safe begins to make its way further
into American
lives
可知，
Freehold Borough
学区采用了虹膜扫描安全系统，以确保学校安全和接送儿童的效
率．故选
A
．
（
2
）
D
．细节理解
题．根据
An iris scan is said to be more
accurate than a fingerprint
because it
records 240 unique
details
﹣
far more than the
seven to twenty
﹣
four details
that
are analyzed in
fingerprints
．
The chances of
being misidentified by an iris scan are about
one in 1.2 million and just one in 1.44
trillion if you scan both eyes
．可知，这种技术十
分
准确，在识别授权方面几乎没有错误．故选
D
．
（
3
）
B
．细节理解题．根据
Mear
a applied for a
﹩
369
，
000 grant on behalf of the school
试卷第
8
页，总
1
7
页