-
石油科技英语
词汇、结构和书面表达
(20%)
：
1
、
D. All of
these rock types came from particular
environment of deposition.
2
、
The classic
particles are
B. obtained
from the original rock.
3
、
General fold
terminology
A. is related to
elements of individual
feature.
4
、
Inflection
occurs
D. when
concavity changes to
convexity.
5
、
Concentric
folds consist of strata parallel to
C. each other
.
6
、
Applied
seismics is derived to some extent from
seismology,
A.
which
is the
recording and interpretation of earthquake waves.
7
、
The most
A. modern
technology at the Rig Site
should be used.
8
、
B.
Fishing
tools
are needed at the rig site to recover any part of
the drilling that fails.
9
、
B.
Step-by-step
, chronological drilling
procedures form the heart of the well plan.
10
、
Special-
purpose computers were
D.
so expensive
that one company only owned a few in
the past.
11
、
A
C. digital
computer is a counting
device that operates on discrete data.
12
、
Digital
computers are designed for
B. both special and general uses
.
13
、
The artist
asked that his painting
A.
be
displayed at
the National Gallery.
14
、
The
relationship between oil exploration and
production is
A. stronger
than ever
.
15
、
Earth
structure is fundamental to an understanding of
the study of earth processes,
A.
and
are important in exploring
for oil.
16
、
All
tubulars are transferred directly and
automatically from horizontal pipe racks to the
center line of the hole or
D. vice
versa
.
17
、
Crude oil and
natural gas are the raw
A.
materials
of the
petroleum industry.
18
、
When petroleum
is first taken
C.
from
the ground
it is not very useful.
19
、
The basic
problem in petroleum geochemical studies is
B. that
the generation processes
cannot be reliably duplicated in the laboratory.
20
、
Darcy’s law
describe
s the
D.
rate
of flow of
fluids through rocks.
21
、
The
geophysical methods used in
A. investigating
the shallow features of the earth's
crust vary in accordance with the physical
properties of the rocks.
22
、
The static
methods in
B.
which
the
distortions of a static physical field are
detected are used.
23
、
When petroleum
is first taken
C.
from
the ground
it is not very useful.
24
、
The declining
cost and improved reliability of devices
A. allow
a new approach to computer
maintenance.
25
、
In the morning
customers receives a package
D. including
a replacement part installation
instructions.
26
、
Computers can
be
C. made of
modules called field replaceable units.
27
、
Petroleum is a
B.
mixture
of many
oils, but they can be separated in the way we have
described.
28
、
The
petroleum is made very hot and passed
C. into
the bottom of a tall tower.
29
、
Solution
polymerization-This is, perhaps, the
D. oldest
process still in use.
30
、
Near the end
of the reaction, a
C.
terminating
agent is added to stop polymerization.
31
、
A. Soon after
the tube has been inserted into the
main, it is gradually turned toward the gas flow.
32
、
This rate can
no longer be maintained. This rate can be
maintained
D. until it
can't be
.
33
、
In some cases
it is
A.
superior
to
separate and to remove water from the well fluid
before it flows through pressure reductions.
34
、
Flow
conditions become
D. more
complicated
for
shell and tube heat exchangers.
35
、
Measurement
B. while
drilling is the downhole
measurement of important parameters and the
simultaneous transmission of those measurements to
the surface.
36
、
Orchestral
instruments
C. can be
grouped
under
the following types: String, woodwind, brass, and
percussion.
37
、
D. Deep
depressions in the ocean floor are
called trenches.
38
、
A.
That
xenon could
not form chemical compounds was once believed by
scientists.
39
、
Amplifiers
such as those in computers and sound-reproducing
systems are responsible for
C.
strengthening
an erratic
input signal.
40
、
D. How the continents
originated
has
been a topic of continual geogical research.
41
、
Coals can
sometimes give rise to gas accumulations and it is
thought that some gas was derived
D.
on
the devolatilization of older coals.
42
、
B. When
she comes, shall tell her to wait for
you.
43
、
She did
not understand me
C. before
I explained it to her.
44
、
All over the
world, at various
B.
depths
beneath
land and sea. there are accumulations of
hydrocarbons formed long ago by decomposition of
animal and vegetable remains.
46
、
C.
By means of
a
suitable linkage that diagram actuates the pointer
over graduated scale on the face of the
instrument.
47
、
If
the concentration is high enough, the flame will
be
B. put out
.
48
、
This heat is
measured by the change in electrical resistance of
the filament
changes in its temperature.
C. through
49
、
It may even be
worthwhile the field personal
B. to test
cement mixes with the actual fields
water in the cook’s oven.
50
、
How to use
even the simplest wiper plugs and stage collars is
worth
C.
explaining
in
the well plan.
51
、
It is true
that the share of oil and gas in the total energy
spectrum today shows
B.
signs
of diminishing.
52
、
Customer
demand has
C. propelled
this growth.
53
、
Oil was first
D. commercially
exploited on any scale in
the late nineteenth century.
54
、
Although water
is considered
C. not
pressed
, the
total compressed volume is quite large.
55
、
The crude oil
B. flows out from
the wellhead.
56
、
The electronic
computer has become
B. more
and more
important in the lives of all the
people in the world.
57
、
Computers can
work
D. through
a series of problems and
make thousands of logical decision quickly.
58
、
If
a process uses its high priority to hog the
computer, its priority
B.
will drop
.
59
、
All the
competing processes would then wake up to
C. fight over
the new memory.
60
、
Water in the
permeable carrier bed is,
D. as
we have noted, moving laterally down a
fluid potential gradient, from areas of higher
fluid potential to areas of lower fluid potential.
61
、
The petroleum
engine must also be _
A. prevented
from
_ running to cool.
62
、
In basins
_
C. where
source
rock and
crude cannot be correlated.
63
、
_
C. As
_ civilizations grew more
complex, better methods of communication were
needed.
64
、
The
conversion predominantly _
D. take
place
_in the vapor phase in the
presence of a data list.
65
、
No longer will
such a control system be used only on large
complex systems _
B. because
it is the only feasible way
to maintain control and gather information.
66
、
_
D. Even if
_ oil companies can no
longer control the price of oil, they can work to
better control themselves.
67
、
The U.S.
federal government became interested in space
travel to the moon and embarked on a
program_
A. in the
1960’s
.
68
、
Crude oil is a
raw material, like iron ore, _
C.
which
_ must be processed before it can
be used.
69
、
_
D. Should
_ I fail, I would try again.
70
、
_
B. However
_ ,in petrochemical
application ,there is a need to separate the
C
4
isomers.
71
、
In
the case of blast furnace and other manufactured
gases, the operator should _
A. take
care
_ that he does not breathe any of
the escaping gas.
72
、
The reason
_
D. for
_ using diamond
bits is to drill less expensive and safer wells.
73
、
_
C. From
_ an operational viewpoint, the
later steam rigs were highly efficient.
74
、
If the
circulating fluid is a liquid, it is usually made
up mostly of water, _
B.
though
_ occasionally oil is the major
component.
75
、
For
difficulties in work distribution, a compromise
for_
B. both
….and
_centralized _____decentralized
means to coexist has been proved practical and
effective.
76
、
The
gas is very under saturated _
A. with
respect to
_ both constituents and
electric corporation.
77
、
A number of
there systems have been in use for some time for
applications _
C. such as
_
control of batch reactor sequence.
78
、
_
A. Strange as
_ it may seem, there is a
return to control in some
instance.
79
、
_
B. Without
_ new and emerging
technologies, many future oil and gas endeavors
may not be possible.
80
、
There are a
number of ways _
D. in which
_ the porosity parameters can be calculated
depending upon the complexity of the formation.
81
、
For
difficulties in work distribution, a compromise
for_
B. both
….and
_centralized _____decentralized
mean to coexist has been proved practical and
effective.
82
、
It
must be stressed that organic chemical data
_
B. be used to
_ alone.
83
、
Computer
development and uses of the future will depend on
the ingenuity of men, _
D. regardless
of
_ their direction of form.
84
、
A number of
these systems have been in use for some time for
applications _
C. such as
_
control of batch reactor sequence.
85
、
_
C. Coupled with
_ system control, real-
time monitoring of rotating equipment and other
system components can reduce fuel consumption.
86
、
You will
usually want to start DOS _
C.
whenever
_ you start you computer.
87
、
The computer
is a very valuable aid _
B.
in
_ log analysis for a number of
reasons.
88
、
The
atoms are _
B. joined
into
_ together _____
molecules.
89
、
_
C. Had you come
_ ten minutes later, I
should have been out.
90
、
_
C. Which of
_ the processes which can
run is to run next? Associated with each process
is a priority.
91
、
_
C. When
_ the end of a chain linked
together, two hydrogen are eliminated creating a
ring structure.
92
、
_
C. To remove
_ this hazard, a simple
portable explosive indicator is required whereby a
survey of such enclosures may be conducted.
93
、
Diamond bits
are sold _
B. by
_ the carat
weight of the diamonds in the bit, plus a setting
charge.
94
、
The earliest
mechanical or power similar to steam rigs,
_
B. except
the steam engines were replaced by gas.
95
、
The
circulation equipment for a modern rotary rig
usually includes _
D. not only
…
but
also
_ the mud pump ______ mud-
conditioning equipment.
96
、
In petroleum
application, the total mixed stream _
D. is used
_without the need for
separating the individual C
4
isomers.
97
、
Diamond
drilling bits are specialized drilling tools
_
C. proven
_ by experience
and worthy of an economic analysis.
98
、
Mud-system
_
C. consists of
_ two tanks
with 800 bbl working volume, one shale shaker, mud
agitator and one Thule mud cleaner.
99
、
It must be
stressed that organic chemical data _
D. should not be used
_ alone but must
be integrated with information.
100
、
Hydrogen is a
good moderator. _
A. even better
is
_
deuterium
combined with oxygen to form “heavy
water”.
101
、
People were
afraid _
C. of
_ leaking the
oil.
102
、
The gas is
very under saturated _
A. with respect
to
_ both constituents and electric
corporation.
103
、
Heavy fuel
oils are among the least valuable products
obtained from crude oil, _
B.
and
_ they are also the easiest to find
substitutes for.
104
、
_
A. Strange as
_ it may seem, there is a
return to control in some
instance.
105
、
Side scan
radar has been in use for many years to provide
imagery of the surface and to find structure
_
A. related to
_ the
topography.
106
、
There are a
number of ways _
D. in which
_ the porosity parameters can be calculated
depending upon the complexity of the formation.
107
、
Chemistry has
played an essential part _
A. in
_ the development of the refining
process.
108
、
Hydrogen is a
good moderator. _
A. even better
is
_
deuterium
combined with oxygen to form “heavy
water”.
109
、
In petroleum
application, the total mixed stream _
D. is used
_without the need for
separating the individual C
4
isomers.
110
、
It
must be stressed that organic chemical data
_
D. should not be used
__
alone but must be integrated with information.
111
、
Diamonds
_
B. used
_ in oilfield bits
are of natural origin and range from as small a 15
stones per carat to seven carats per stone in
special applications.
112
、
Diamond
drilling bits are specialized drilling tools
_
C. proven
_ by experience
and worthy of an economic analysis.
113
、
Mud-system
_
C. consists of
_ two tanks
with 800 bbl working volume, one shale shaker, mud
agitator and one Thule mud cleaner.
- 1 -
114
、
The well plan
is the primary mechanism _
C. by
which
_ technology gets to the rig
site.
115
、
_
B. If
_ the event in question is
signaled by another process, then there is no
problem.
116
、
_
B. However
_ ,in petrochemical
application ,there is a need to separate the
C
4
isomers.
117
、
The reason
_
D. for
_ using diamond
bits is to drill less expensive and safer wells.
118
、
_
C. Had you come
_ ten minutes later, I
should have been out.
119
、
The atoms are
_
B. joined
…
into
_ together _____
molecules.
120
、
Crude oil is
a raw material, like iron ore, _
C.
which
__ must be processed before it
can be used.
121
、
Concentric
folds consist of strata parallel to
D. each other
.
122
、
Folding in
layered rocks consists
C.
of
deformation
of strata without faulting.
123
、
Folds are
manifest as different types according
B. to
morphology and origin.
124
、
An inflection
point occurs
A.
where
bed
curvature in one direction changes to bed
curvature in the opposite direction.
125
、
A
syncline is a concave
B.
upward
.
126
、
Wireline logs
nowadays are
B.
taken
in every
well at convenient intervals.
127
、
Wireline logs
measure electrical properties of rocks,
A. which
can be indirectly
interpreted in terms of rock type, porosity and
fluid content.
128
、
Shales are
composed
D. of
argillaceous or very fine
grained minerals.
129
、
The gamma-ray
log is an example of a
C.
nuclear
log.
130
、
Well logs are
now
B. recorded
on digital tapes.
131
、
There
A. are
three general
classifications of diamonds used in the petroleum
industry.
132
、
The
reason for
A.
using
diamond
bits is to drill less expensive.
133
、
Diamonds used
in oilfield range
C.
from
…
to
as small as 15 stones per
carat
seven carats per stone in special
applications.
134
、
The diamonds
are held in place by the matrix which is bonded
A. to
the steel shank.
135
、
Quality is
roughly defined
C.
when
considering
diamonds for oil well bits.
136
、
The drilling
fluid must
D. be
circulated
downward through the drill stem.
137
、
The
circulating fluid is usually made up
B. of
water.
138
、
Both types of
circulating fluids are called
D. drilling mud
.
139
、
The first pit
the mud enters is usually a
D. settling pin
.
140
、
Mud control
is one of the most complex subject the drilling
crew has to deal
A.
with
.
141
、
Density is
weight per unit of
B.
volume
.
142
、
The mud
weight is usually tested by a
C. balance
.
143
、
Fill the
clean, dry cup
A. with
the mud to be weighted.
144
、
It is
absolutely essential
B.
that
all parts
of the mud balance be kept clean if accurate
results are to be obtained.
145
、
To calibrate
the mud balance,
C.
do
the
following.
146
、
The
qualifications and experience of drilling
personnel
A. are
important ingredients in
ensuring rig performance and safety.
147
、
All of these
have an effect
B.
on
the quality
and ability of personnel.
148
、
A crew
familiar with the rig will make
A. fewer
mistakes in an emergency.
149
、
Crew training
has
C. been
neglected
as
well.
150
、
Frequent
safety meeting may seem insignificant
D. on
the surface.
151
、
Consider
running a seating nipple just
A.
above
the
collars to check for pressure integrity.
152
、
Drill collars
should be examined
C.
before
use.
153
、
The condition
of the drill line should be double checked as well
C. as
the ton-mile records.
154
、
Some
contractors are stretching the life of the drill
line to the extent
D.
that
it can
cause serious safety hazard.
155
、
Deteriorated
suction lines mean
C.
corroded suction lines
.
156
、
Knowing the
distributions of field sizes for play types is
crucial to
profitability of plays.
C.
predict
157
、
Many of the
fields are actually
B. too
small
to be
economic.
158
、
The
average field size is
should be used
in an economic analysis of a play type.
C. what
159
、
B. For
this reason, targeting only the largest
fields in a competitive basin may lead to poor
economic performance.
160
、
Competition
caused companies to take greater efforts in order
D. that
they can remain a player.
161
、
For this
reason computers can be _
B.
defined
_ as devices.
162
、
Digital
computers work by _
A. using
_specific information .)
163
、
Regardless
_
C. of
_ their direction or
form ,computer development and use of the future
will depend on the ingenuity of men .
164
、
There
is_
A. no
_ memory
associated with events.
165
、
This differs
considera
bly from Dijkstra’s P and V
synchronization operations, in that no memory
_
A. is associated with
_events.
166
、
The event-
wait code in the kernel _
A.
is
_like a coroutine linkage.
167
、
In addition
_
_reducing the volume of
paper, we can use in a long time.
168
、
The X.12
standard is actually made _
_ of four parts.
- 2 -
169
、
In some
cases, Yacc fails to produce a parser when
_
C. given
_ a set of
specifications.
170
、
Let’s look at
starting DOS , step—
_
_ stey
172
、
Unix
_
_ a wide range of
emotions.
173
、
The
declining cost and improved reliability of device
permit a new approach
D.
to
computer maintenance.
174
、
Seismic data
are recorded in amplified form _
B. so
as to
_achieve full scale of the
seismogram.
175
、
The program
is designed to run _
_an
IBM XT computer .
176
、
There are
_
A.a number of
_of ways to
do that.
177
、
This network
gathering oil and gas from hundreds of
_
B. thousands
_of
individual wells.
178
、
A pipeline
was selected _
C. as
__ a
transportation system.
179
、
W.H. Jolles
has detailed three types of tanker loading systems
for exposed Artic terminals, all of _
D. which
_have advantages and
disadvantages.
180
、
The Chuckchi
Sea _
A. is
_ typical of
most frontier regions.
181
、
From large
central storage facilities, oil _
C. is
moved
_through large----diameter.
182
、
It is
difficult to pinpoint a typical throughput
_
B. for
_an individual
crude trunk line.
183
、
The fact
_
A. that
_they traverse
long distances complicates their construction and
operation.
184
、
_
A. Such
_a gas is called an ideal gas.
185
、
Gas
transmission pipelines are made _
_steel pipe and are buried below
ground surface.
186
、
Gas provides
home _
C. heating
_.
187
、
The size of
compressors within the station varies _
_a wide range.
188
、
Both
aboveground storage and belowground storage
_
B. are
_used for both
natural gas and hydrocarbon liquids.
189
、
Free water in
the tank _
_the oil can
also be determined by gauging.
190
、
Construction
costs
also vary
_
ing
_to location.
191
、
LNG is
produced in a liquefaction plant by cooling the
feed gas to produce a _
---viscosity liquid boiling at about minus
160
0
C at atmospheric
pressure.
192
、
This employs
the same principles as a domestic refrigerator,
_
gh
_the equipment is much
more complicated.
193
、
Gaseous fuels
have _
A.
many
_ advantages.
194
、
A refinery
_
_ the Far East for
instance had considerable success.
195
、
Strange
_
_ it may seem, there is a
return to decentralized control.
196
、
Most
liquefaction plants are _
_in a series of parallel modules.
197
、
The
construction of all pipeline _
B.
follows
_ this general sequence.
198
、
_
A. Much
_ gas is moved.
199
、
The basic
thermodynamic processes in engineering
thermodynamics _
_the
isochoric process.
200
、
Oil and gas
_
_not the only materials
transported by pipeline.
阅读理解题
(40%)
：
1
There is little
doubt in the minds of most petroleum geologists
1
、
What is the
subject of this passage?
A. Origin and
generation of oil and gas
2
、
According to
this passage, which of the following sentences is
true?
D. Crude oil is a complex mixture
3
、
What is the
meaning of the word
D.
complicated
4
、
Conditions
favorable foe generation of petroleum normally
occur?
B. under depths of about 1.500
meters below the surface
5
、
When is the
petroleum generated?
C. During burial
of the sediment
2
Cable-tool rigs were relatively simple
to operate and easy to repair.
6
、
Which of the
following is mainly discussed by the author?
B. Rotary rigs
7
、
According to
this passage, when did rotary rigs begin using air
drilling?
C. in the mid
1950s
8
、
Which sentence
could be implied from this passage?
A. Rotary rigs are better than cable
rigs
9
、
What does
- 3 -
B.
restricted
10
、
According to
this passage, which of the following sentences is
true?
A. The later steam rigs were more
efficient than the earliest mechanical or power
rigs
3
Measurement while drilling(MWD) is the
downhole measurement
11
、
What does the
passage mainly discuss?
D.
The generation of measurement while drilling
12
、
According to
this passage, which sentence among the following
sentences is true?
B.
Drilling is a complicated technological process
with many uncertainties
13
、
Which of
following words can replace
C. consolidate
14
、
Which company
introduced the first commercial MWD system?
B. Teleco
15
、
When did the
first U. S patents and technical papers on MWD
appear?
A. in the early 1930's
4
During this
century the petroleum industry has risen
16
、
The passage
primarily discusses
A. some problems
related to the petroleum
17
、
The word
D. significantly
18
、
Which of the
following would best illustrate hydrocarbons?
A. compounds of hydrogen
and carbon, either gaseous, liquid or solid
according to the complexity of their molecules at
normal temperatures and pressures
19
、
The word
B. contains
20
、
The sentence
in the last paragraph
A. The task of
petroleum industry is to find them
5
Geophysics is
the application of the principles of physics
21
、
Which of the
following is the author's main purpose in the
passage?
D. Application of geophysics
22
、
According to
this passage, which of following objects cannot be
investigated by geophysics?
D. Core of
the earth
23
、
Which sentence
could be implied from this passage?
A.
Geophysics is often the only satisfactory way
towards a solution of oil prospecting
24
、
What does
B. the earth
25
、
According to
this passage, which of the following sentence is
true?
A. One of the aims of
pure geophysics is to deduce the physical
properties of the earth
6
One of the
areas in which the technical advances
26
、
What is the
primary topic of this passage?
A. Transporting Oil
27
、
Where was the
world's first producing well?
B. The one near Titusville,
Pennsylvania
28
、
The word
C. pulling
29
、
With which of
the statements is the author most likely to agree?
A. The pipelines offers
many advantages for transporting oil
30
、
The word
A. achieved
7
Crude oil is a
raw material, like iron ore
31
、
What is the
main topic of the passage?
A. Refining
oil
32
、
With which of
the statements is the author most likely to agree?
- 4 -
C. Crude oil is a mixture of a number
of different hydrocarbons
33
、
The word
D. Hydrogen and carbon
34
、
According to
this passage, which of following sentences is
true?
A. Small, light
hydrogen and carbon molecules are
gases
.
35
、
The word
A. Sulfur and other
chemicals
8
Catalytic cracking is a process for the
conversion
36
、
What is the
primary topic of this passage?
B.
Catalytic cracking
37
、
With which of
the statements is the author most likely to agree?
A. Catalytic cracking is to convert
heavy hydrocarbon fractions mainly into high-
quality lighter components
38
、
The word
D. fuel oil components
39
、
According to
this passage, which of following sentences is
true?
C. With increasing
cost of crude oil there is an increasing
application of catalytic cracking
40
、
The word
B. The catalyst enhances the rate of
cracking reactions and selectively to promote
certain types of reactions
9
The migration
of petroleum in general terms is better understood
than its origin
41
、
What does the
passage mainly discuss?
C.
The migration of petroleum
42
、
According to
this passage, which of the following sentences is
true?
A.
Primary migration
takes place within the source rock, and secondary
migration through the permeable carrier beds to
the trap or to the surface
43
、
Which sentence
could be implied from this passage?
A.
The essential character of petroleum is acquired
before secondary migration begins
44
、
What does the
word
A. primary
migration
45
、
According to
this passage, which of the following sentences is
true?
C. Secondary
migration is a demonstrable process
10
Horizontal
wells are sorted by the radius of curvature
46
、
What does the
passage mainly discuss?
B.
Long radius horizontal wells
47
、
The word
A. specially
48
、
With which of
the statements is the author most likely to agree?
C. Long radius holes are
now used almost exclusively offshore
49
、
The word
A. additional
50
、
According to
this passage, what topic may the author discuss in
the folloing paragraphs?
C. Other
radius wells
11
When petroleum is first taken from the
ground
51
、
What
may be the main topic of the passage?
B. Development of fuels
52
、
The word
A. oil
53
、
With which of
the statements is the author most likely to agree?
C. There are also many
other uses for oil products besides fuels
54
、
The word
D. easily ignited and capable of
burning rapidly
55
、
According to
this passage, which of the following statements is
likely to be true?
A. Kerosene is
better for burning in lamps than
gasoline
12
The greatest natural source of energy
available to produce
56
、
The passage
mainly focuses on
C. an introduction of
water drive
57
、
The word
C. make visible
- 5 -
58
、
Which of the
following would best illustrate
B.
Water moves in the rocks to replace the oil as is
produced because of expansion of the minutely
compressed water
59
、
The word
D. given up
60
、
Why does the
gas-oil ratio remain about the same in a water
drive reservoir?
B. Because
pressure, remaining high, prevents gas from
evolving to form a high gas saturation
13
When the crude
oil has been brought to surface
61
、
It is
essential to apply some form of water settling
treatment before the oil is _______ to the
refinery or to the shipping point.
C. ready for shipment
62
、
Sarir oil
field in Libya for instance had four gathering
centers ______ a drainage area of about 150 square
miles.
A.
occupying
63
、
The crude oil
_____ the wellhead.
B.
flows out from
64
、
The oil from
each producing well is ______from the wellhead to
a “gathering center” through a
“flowline”.
B.
transferred
65
、
Sarir oilfield
in Libya for instance had ______ gathering centers
to which were connected a total of some 40
production wells
—
covering a
drainage area of about 150 square miles.
（
B
）
B. two
14
What causes oil to flow from a
reservoir?
66
、
When pressure
is ______, oil was easily produced.
B. high
67
、
The energy
available in nature to produce petroleum deposits
originates in the __________ environment as
petroleum does.
C.
same
68
、
How many
pounds is the pressure in the fluid within a given
porous rock per square inch per 100 feet of depth?
D. 46
69
、
Weight of rock
overburden is supported _____ by the rock itself.
B. chiefly
70
、
Rock porosity
is not influenced ______ by rock overburden .
C. greatly
15
Many proposals
have been made to classify the different
71
、
Many ____have
been made to classify the different physical
shapes of petroleum reservoirs.
A.
suggestions
72
、
Generally,
reservoirs have _______geological features.
A. four
73
、
It is common
to find traps _______filled with water.
B. entirely
74
、
Upward escape
of oil has been stopped by the impermeable
material. This usually happens in _______.
C. reservoirs formed as a result of an
unconformity
75
、
Azmari
Limestone fields is in ______.
C.
Californla
16
Rocks formed from materials derived
from pre
—
existing
76
、
In the first
paragraph the word “ultimately”
means_____.
A.
finally
77
、
In the
sentence “This means …. not unique”
The word “exclusive ” means
_______.
D.
unique
78
、
There can be
many classifications based upon _____.
A. lithology
79
、
______these
rock types came from a particular environment of
deposition.
D. All
of
80
、
The clastic
particles are ______from the original rock.
B. obtained
17
Oil usually has to be transported great
distances from
81
、
In the past,
main methods of transporting the oil are _______.
D. ship and tanker
82
、
In the
following, which one is not mentioned?
C. Pairs
83
、
When wast he
first oil pipeline installed?
- 6 -
A.1865
84
、
How long was
the longest pipeline ?
C.1765
85
、
The first
pipeline was made of lengths of ______ pipes.
B. iron
18
The greatest
natural source of energy available to produce
86
、
The greatest
natural source of energy available to produce oil
today traces its source back to __________.
A. the ancient seas
87
、
Although water
is considered __________,the total compressed
volume is quite large.
C. not pressed
88
、
This source of
energy is the great quantity ______existing in the
porous channels of rock associated with present-
day oil deposits.
A. salt
water
89
、
In the
following reservoirs which one is not producing by
energy supplied by water drives.
D.
Yurgon field
90
、
When the rate
is once again reduced. pressure will
________ .
B. increase
19
If oil, water
and gas were placed in a bottle
91
、
For a given
height above the free level, capillary will be
______ in two pores of different size.
same
92
、
In general,
______the permeability of a given, _______ will be
connate-water fraction within the sand.
lower
…
the
higher
93
、
“irreducible
minimum water saturation” has _____ been applied
to the percent of water.
B.
sometimes
94
、
The
nature and thickness of the transition zones
between water and oil, oil and gas and water and
gas are influenced by _____ factors.
A. five
95
、
If
oil, water and gas were placed in a bottle ,from
top to bottom, the order would be ___.
A. gas ,oil and water
20
A
BRIEF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND SOME COMPUTED
96
、
We can
conclude that
________.
C. the advantage of the
torsional log is considerable
97
、
In the first
paragraph the word “acoustic ”means
_____
.
A. sound
98
、
Because the
torsional signal is simple when the rock around
the hole is homogeneous,______.
B. we infer that we can use it to
determine depth of invasion or degree of hole
damage anytime the factors complicate the
waveforms
99
、
If
shear speed in undamaged shale is 1.4 km/s and in
damaged shale is 1.1 km/s, hole radius is 10cm,
and the shale is damaged to a radius of 20cm,
onset times for the two waveforms at 25 cm and
50cm yield a
shear speed for the
1.0km/s,
_____.
can interpret that it is a sign of damaged zone
100
、
Shear speed
is best measured with a tool that generates and
detects shear waves only, compressible waves in
the borehole fluid and surrounding formation
should be ________ and without coupling effects.
B. orderly and neat
21
From large
central storage facilities oil is moved through
large-diameter
101
、
Oil is moved
from storage facilities to ___________.
C. refineries
102
、
Oil is moved
to refineries through _________ trunk-lines.
D. both a and b
103
、
Pumping
stations are needed to keep pressure to ________.
B. overcome friction
104
、
Crude trunk
lines are made of __________.
A. steel
105
、
Control of
crude oil trunk line is a compl
ex
operation. The word “complex”
means______.
D. complicated
22
Natural gas is
usually produced in oil fields at some
106
、
On subsequent
expansion the gas is very under saturated
__________.
D. with respect to
107
、
The gas
distributed was 50/50 percent mixture of oil gas
and natural gas.50/50 means __.
A. go
halves
108
、
Considerable
amount of dust was stirred up. Dust was ________.
- 7 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：英语四级阅读训练
下一篇：AFORS-het manul