高考英语概要写作指导及训练记叙文

高考英语概要写作指导及训练

一、写作指导

摘要是对一篇文章的主 题思想的简单陈述。

它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。

写摘

要主要包括三个步骤：

（

1

（

2

）写作；< /p>

（

3

）修改成文。

第一步：阅读

A

．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果 一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文

的理解就越深刻。

B

．给摘要起一个标题。 用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可

以采用文中的主题句作 为标题。

主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。

一个好标题有助 于确

定文章的中心思想。

C

．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部 分的主要观点进行

概括。

D

．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要 的东西。

第二步：动手写作

A.

摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。

B.

应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。

C.

摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原 文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌

握材料的原意。

D.

写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：

1)

删除细节。只保留主要观点。

2)

选择一至两个例子。

原文中可能包括

5

个或更多的例子，

3)

把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某 人或某事用了十个句子，那么

你只要把它们变成一两句即可。

4)

避免重复。在原文中，为了强 调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不

能使用的。应该删除那些突出强 调的重述句。

5)

压缩长的句子。如下列两例：

“

His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion

-

like.”

可以概括为：

”

He was very brave in battle.

”

“

He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”

可以概括为：

“

He was in financial difficulties.

”

6)

你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：

“

Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only

a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains,

and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of

visiting them ten years ago.”

可以概括为：

”

Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today

accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation

services.

”

7)

使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：

“

She

brought

home

several

Chinese

and

English

novels,

a few

copies

of

Time

and

Newsweek

and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”

可以概括为：

”

She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.

”

8

）

使用最 短的连接词。

比如，

可以使用

but, then, thus, yet, though

，

不能使用

at the same time,

1

/

4

in the first place, because of these, on the other hand

等较长的 连接词。

通常，

使用分号就能够

达成使 用连接词的效果。

9)

文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，

从而把大段的对 白简化，

比如：

Kate

looked

at

Paul

disapprovingly:

You

use much

too much

salt

on

your

food,

Paul

—

it’s

not

good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on

your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in

it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with

Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high

blood

pressure

and

latter

on,

heart

-

attacks.

It

also

disguises

the

taste

of

food,

the

real

tastes

which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any

more.”

可以用第三人称概括为：

Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would

do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He

said that food without salt would be tasteless.

第三步：修改成文

草稿拟好以后，

对它进行修改。

首先，与原文比较看是 否把所有重要的观点都概括了，

摘要

中的观点是否与原文中的完 全一致。

其次，

如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、

短语或长句子，

删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后， 保持语言简单明了。

经过上述步骤和方法，一篇摘要就可以完成了。

二、记叙文概要写作

要写好记叙文的 概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案

:1.

谁做什么了？

2.

结果如何？如

果是夹叙夹议，还要加上这 个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。

1.A college student selling Chinese pancake in New York has become Internet hit recently.

The

pancake

stall

is

owned

by

a

Chinese

student

surnamed

Li,

who

was

born

in

1990s.

She

started to run the pancake stall on Oct. 26 this year. Every day she sells nearly 200 pancakes and

gets 1,500 US dollars in return. Every day she sells nearly 200 pancakes and gets 1,500 US dollars

in return.

Starting up the business is not an easy thing. Li receives parking tickets every day from New

York Traffic Department.

dollars

each.

And you

need

to

pay

2.5

dollars

for

an

extra

sausage

or

ham,

said Xu,

who

is a

college student of the New York University.

Li was born and raised in Beijing. She went to the United States for college. She majored in

business and minored in art history. After graduation, she did not like working in the office and

came up with the idea of starting up her own business.

am

familiar

with

Chinese

pancake

because

I

grew

up

in

Beijing.

I

barely

saw

Chinese

pancake in New York so I thought it may have market,

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