-
Figures of speech in English
1
．
Simile is a
figure of speech in which one thing is likened
to(
比作
) another
明喻
比喻词常见
的有
like, as,
as…as…
等。
…carrying a palm fan like a sword to
repel his enemies.
…swept
like a fresh wind through the schools…
…when Bryan swept t
he
political arena like a prairie fire.
as fast as a hare, as stupid as a goose
2
．
Metaphor is a
an implied simile
暗喻
Then the court
broke into a storm of applause…
Now Darrow sprang his trump card by
calling Bryan as a witness….
…main artery of transportation in the
young nation’s heart.
The
pupils took a leaf out of their
teacher
’
s book.
3
．
Metonymy is a
figure of speech that has to do with the
substitution of the name of one thing for
that of another
借代
/
转喻
But for
making money, his pen would prove mightier than
his pickax.
The pen is mightier than
the sword.
The spectacle is the very
symbol of the incessant struggle between the
kimono and the miniskirt..
He has an
eye for beauty/an ear for music/a smooth tongue/a
sharp tongue.
I
’
ve got five
Shakespeares.
He is driving a Ford.
4
．
Rhetorical ques
tion
反问句
/
修辞疑问句
But can you doubt what our
policy will be?
Was I not at the scene
of the crime?
Can the leopard change
its spots?
O, wind, if winter comes,
can spring be far behind?
5
．
Antithesis is
the setting of contrasting phrases or statements
opposite each other for
emphasis
对照
意义相反或相对的词、短语、句子出现在对称的位置上。
…a world which will lament them a day
and forget them forever.
The
Christian
believes
that
man came from
above.
The
evolutionist
believes
that
he
must
have
come from below.
From them all Mark Twain gained a keen
perception of the human race, of the difference
between
what people claim to be and
what they really are.
United we stand;
divided we fall.
A
fall in the pit, a gain in
the wit.
Give me liberty, or give me
death.
6
．
Hyperbole is
the deliberate use of exaggeration to achieve
emphasis
夸张
The trial that rocked the
world.
Most Americans remember Mark
Twain as the
father
of Huck
Finn
’
s idyllic cruise
through
eternal
boyhood.
His reputation as an authority on
Scripture is recognized throughout the world.
I haven’t seen you for ages.
The two views are miles apart.
I’
m dying of thirst/ to know
the truth.
7
．
Personification
is a figure of speech that gives human form,
character, or sensibility to animals,
plants, or abstractions.
拟人
Bitterness fed
on the man who had made the world laugh.
America laughed with Mark Twain.
Walls have ears.
The past year witnessed great progress
in my oral English.
8
．
alliteration
头韵
< br>
重复出现开头音相同的单词。
Let us learn the lesson already taught
by…
…for all the slow,
sl
eepy, sluggish-brained sloths stay at
home.
“
It
was
that
population
…
and
rushing
them
through
with
a
magnificent
dash
and
daring
and
a
recklessness of cost or
consequences.
”
fighting for his hearth and
home…
9.
Assonance consists of the repetition of similar
vowel sounds, usually close together, to achieve
a particular effect of
euphony
谐音
a deep
green stream
The rain fell again on the
plain..
10
．
Synecdoche is
a figure of speech which consists in taking a part
for the whole or the whole for
a
part.
提喻
部分代整体或整体代部分
More
hands are needed at present.
Great
minds think alike.
The case had erupted
round my head.
Y
ou are a
noble heart.
Grey hair is taken good
care of.
Moscow and Washington will
hold talks on this issue.
11
．
Transferred
epithet is a qualifying adjective transferred from
a person to a thing.
移就
本应
该用来描写甲事物的修饰语移来描写乙事物。
Darrow had whispered throwing a
reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were
waiting for the
court to open.
The enemy fled in a blind haste.
What a lame excuse you have made.
She tossed on her sleepless bed all
last night.
The embarrassing five
minutes were gone.