培根ofstudy六种翻译版本

培根

of study

六种翻译版本：王佐良

孙有中

廖运范

何新

高健

水天同

原文：

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness

and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of

business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the

general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned.

To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to

make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature and are

perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study,

and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by

experience.

Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not

their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not

to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to

weigh and consider.

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested;

that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few

to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy and

extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the

meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a

man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present

wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not.

Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral

grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or

impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may

have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and

breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be

wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never

so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study

the schoolmen; for they are symini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up

one thing to prove an

d illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the

mind may have a special receipt.

Abeunt studia in mores: Studies pass into the character

Symini sectores: dividers of cumin seeds, or hair-splitters

【译文】

一、王佐良译：

谈读书

读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见

于高谈阔论之中；

其长才也，

最见于处世判事之际。

练达之士虽能分别吃力细事或一一判别

枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划， 则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则

矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态 。

读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，

盖天生才干犹如< /p>

自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书种所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读 书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之

智不在书种，而在书外，全凭观 察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦

不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲 细思。

书有课浅尝者，有可 吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大

体涉猎者，少数则须 全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，

但只限题材较次或 价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。

因此不常做笔记 者须记忆特强，

不常讨论

者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术 ，始能无知而显有知。

读史 使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修

辞之 学使人善辨：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，

一 如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头

脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不

能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，

可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。

二、廖运范译文

论读书

读书能给人乐趣、

文雅和能力。人们独居或退隐的时候，最能体会到读书的乐趣；谈 话的

时候，

最能表现出读书的文雅；

判 断和处理事务的时候，

最能发挥由读书而获得的能力。那

些有实 际经验而没有学识的人，

也许能够一一实行或判断某些事物的细微末节，

但对于事业

的一般指导、

筹划与处理，

还是真正有学问的人才能胜任。

耗费过多的时间去读书便是迟滞，

过分用学问自炫便是矫揉造作，

而全凭学理判断一切，

则是书呆子的癖好。

学问能美化人性，

经验又能充实学问。< /p>

天生的植物需要人工修剪，

人类的本性也需要学问诱导，