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高中名词及练习

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2021-02-08 13:25
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2021年2月8日发(作者:加薪)


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高中英语语法专题复习


---


名词



(一)



可数名词和不可数名词



1


.什么是不可数名词?




1



物质名词





glass, tea






2



抽象名词





beauty, youth







3)



科学名






physics, maths


练习:找出不可数名词



boot








tear








knowledge








money








wood






chicken






music


homework




bread








blood









dress








news







milk








dustman


2


.不可数名词变成可数名词



1


)词义发生改变



time



times



















work---works
















wood



woods


























sand



sands


















cloth



clothes

















glass



glasses


2)


加量词








a glass of water ,







two pieces of paper


练习;填入恰当的量词



a ________________ of good news (



)







a ________________ of trousers (



)


a ________________ of advice (



)









a ________________ of coffee (




)


a ________________ of oil (



)













a ________________ of time (



)


a ________________ of matches (



)








a ________________ of glasses (



)


a ________________ of chocolate (



)







a ________________ of ink (



)


a ________________ of tea (



)












two ______________ of fish (



)


three ______________ of rice (



)










four ______________ of furniture (



)


five _______________ of sugar (



)









six ________________ of clothes (



)


3


.可数名词的复数构成



A.



规则变化



构成法



例词











desk------desks








picture-----pictures


______



___


____


____


____



bus------ buses



box-----boxes




brush------ brushes




尾加



______


watch------watches








以辅音


+______


结尾,变


baby------babies




family-----families




____



_____




country---countries


_________





+ < /p>


_____





tomoto-----tomatoes



potato----potatoes



______


Negro---Negroes


volcano----volcanoes






黑人英雄爱在火山上吃土


豆西红柿






+ < /p>


_____





radio -----radios









photo----photos


______


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____



____






life---- lives



leaf-----leaves



half--- halves


为了自己


___/____



____,




活命,小偷和他的妻子拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架


_____


子上,把狼劈成两半。



练习:写出下列名词的复数形式。



1



shoe




2)


orange




3)


eye





4)


month





5)


fox





6)


match







7)


city







8) class





9) family





10) country




11) boy




12) key



13) leaf





14) thief





15)hero






16)photo


B.



不规则变化



1.



单复同形








deer






sheep








fish









Chinese







Japanese







means


2.



只有复数形式




people





police






cattle








clothes








trousers,







glasses


3.



不规则变化



man----


men









woman----


women










foot


-----


feet











tooth-----teeth


mouse ------mice











child-----children










German------Germans


4.



复合名词的复数



1)




后< /p>











Englishman---Englishmen













gentleman---gentlemen







policewoman----policewomen










grown-up----grown-ups



2)




主< /p>













looker-on----lookers-on











son-in-law----sons-in-law







3)




果< /p>






man,


woman










数< /p>






men


doctors







women singers



习< /p>



roof________







woman


driver________________




step- mother_______________


sheep


_____________


Japanese


__________________





sister-in- law__________________


(二)


名词所 有格


(表示所属、类别、动作的执行者或承受者)



1.



表示有生命的东西的名词,所有 格在名词后加



s


the teacher



s praise







the cat



s food






James



dog






the dogs



food


2.



表示无生命的东西的名词,用< /p>


of+


名词的结构来表示



the leg of the desk







the cover of the magazine


3.



在时间,距离,度量,价值等名词后,可用名词所有格。



two month


s’


time







today



s newspaper







fifty pound


s’


weight


4.



表示店铺或某人的家时,常在所有格后省去


shop, home.


the doctor



s






the tailor



s






my uncle



s





the barber



s


5.



名词前有冠词,数词,不定代词 或指示代词时,用


of


词组


+


所有格表示



a friend of John



s






that bike of Tom



s


6.

< br>某样东西为两人或多人共有,在后一个名词尾


+



s .


Jane and Fred



s mother


















Jane



s and Fred



s mother


Tom and Tim



s car






















Tom



s and Tim



s car


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(三)



名词的用法



名词在句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语等。






1



The story is very interesting. (












)





2



I am drawing a picture.



(











)


3



My brother is a doctor. (











)









4



Your pencil box is so nice.


(











)


(四)



主谓一致



1.



主语是复数,谓语用复数,主语是单数,谓语用单数。



He


is


a student.



We


are


students.


2.



and


连接两个名词,看有无


the.


The professor and writer


is


going to give us a lecture of writing.


The professor and the writer


are


going to our school.


3.



A number of




The number of



后的谓语。



The number of people


was


fifty, but a number of them


were


absent for different


reasons.


4.



主语


+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including


+


主语,


谓语动词的单复数


与第一 个主语一致。



A library with five thousand books


is


offered to the nation as a gift.



All the teachers as well as



the students










(be)



invited to the party.



5


.以



either



or , neither



nor , not only




but also



not



but



等连接两个


并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数应 按照


就近原则




Either you or he ______(be) to go .












Not only he but also I ______(be)


wrong .


Neither the children nor the teacher _______ (know) anything about it.


6. There be


句型


就近原则


。< /p>



There ____ a pair of glasses on the desk.











There ____ two patients and


a nurse in the hospital.


7.


有些名词复数形式作为一个整体,


(


如度量,距离,金额,时间,书名等)其


谓语动词用单数。



Two weeks ___(be ) not enough to finish the work .




1000 dollars ___





(be ) a


large amount of money.


8.


某些集体名词,如


family ,team


等做主语时,若当一个整体看,谓语动词就用


单< /p>









< p>
















cl ass


,


club,


audience


,committee


,


crowd


,


government


,


party,



public


,


team


等。其中


population


的用法也类似



His


family


_____(be)


a


happy


family.












The


whole


family


_____(be)


having lunch.



The


population


of


China


____(be)very


large.






All


the


world


________(be)


waiting for the good news.


9.


成双成对构成的东西,如


glasses, shoes, chopsticks, scissors


等作主语,谓语动


词用复数形式,但与


a pair


一起构成作主语时,谓语动词用单数。



10



each , every+


名词,


谓语用单数。




Each boy and girl



________(want) to serve


the people in the future.



11.



几分之几

< br>/



百分之几


+of +


名词单数


/


复数


+


谓语单数


/


复数


-


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