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高中英语语法专题复习
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名词
(一)
可数名词和不可数名词
1
.什么是不可数名词?
1
)
物质名词
glass, tea
2
)
抽象名词
beauty, youth
3)
科学名
称
physics, maths
练习:找出不可数名词
boot
tear
knowledge
money
wood
chicken
music
homework
bread
blood
dress
news
milk
dustman
2
.不可数名词变成可数名词
1
)词义发生改变
time
—
times
work---works
wood
—
woods
sand
—
sands
cloth
—
clothes
glass
—
glasses
2)
加量词
a glass of water ,
two pieces of paper
练习;填入恰当的量词
a
________________ of good news
(
条
)
a
________________ of trousers
(
条
)
a
________________ of advice (
条
)
a ________________ of
coffee (
杯
)
a ________________ of oil
(
滴
)
a ________________ of time
(
段
)
a
________________ of matches
(
盒
)
a ________________ of glasses
(
副
)
a
________________ of chocolate
(
条
)
a
________________ of ink (
瓶
)
a ________________ of tea
(
壶
)
two ______________ of fish
(
盘
)
three
______________ of rice (
袋
)
four ______________ of furniture
(
件
)
five
_______________ of sugar (
磅
)
six
________________ of clothes
(
套
)
3
.可数名词的复数构成
A.
规则变化
构成法
例词
一
般
情
况
p>
在
词
尾
加
desk------desks
picture-----pictures
______
以
___
____
____
____
结
bus------
buses
box-----boxes
brush------
brushes
尾加
______
watch------watches
以辅音
+______
结尾,变
baby------babies
family-----families
____
为
_____
加
country---countries
_________
以
辅
音
+ <
/p>
_____
结
尾
加
tomoto-----tomatoes
potato----potatoes
______
Negro---Negroes
volcano----volcanoes
黑人英雄爱在火山上吃土
豆西红柿
以
元
音
+ <
/p>
_____
结
尾
加
radio -----radios
photo----photos
______
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以
____
或
____
结
尾
,
变
life----
lives
leaf-----leaves
half---
halves
为了自己
___/____
为
____,
加
活命,小偷和他的妻子拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架
_____
子上,把狼劈成两半。
练习:写出下列名词的复数形式。
1
)
shoe
2)
orange
3)
eye
4)
month
5)
fox
6)
match
7)
city
8)
class
9) family
10) country
11) boy
12) key
13) leaf
14) thief
15)hero
16)photo
B.
不规则变化
1.
单复同形
deer
sheep
fish
Chinese
Japanese
means
2.
只有复数形式
people
police
cattle
clothes
trousers,
glasses
3.
不规则变化
man----
men
woman----
women
foot
-----
feet
tooth-----teeth
mouse ------mice
child-----children
German------Germans
4.
复合名词的复数
1)
将
后<
/p>
一
部
分
变
成
复
数
Englishman---Englishmen
gentleman---gentlemen
policewoman----policewomen
grown-up----grown-ups
2)
将
主<
/p>
要
成
分
变
成
复
数
looker-on----lookers-on
son-in-law----sons-in-law
3)
如
果<
/p>
前
一
词
是
man,
woman
,
将
两
部
分
都
变
成
复
数<
/p>
men
doctors
women singers
练
习<
/p>
:
roof________
woman
driver________________
step-
mother_______________
sheep
_____________
Japanese
__________________
sister-in-
law__________________
(二)
名词所
有格
(表示所属、类别、动作的执行者或承受者)
1.
表示有生命的东西的名词,所有
格在名词后加
’
s
the
teacher
’
s praise
the cat
’
s food
James
’
dog
the dogs
’
food
2.
表示无生命的东西的名词,用<
/p>
of+
名词的结构来表示
the leg of the desk
the cover of the magazine
3.
在时间,距离,度量,价值等名词后,可用名词所有格。
two month
s’
time
today
’
s newspaper
fifty
pound
s’
weight
4.
表示店铺或某人的家时,常在所有格后省去
shop,
home.
the
doctor
’
s
the
tailor
’
s
my
uncle
’
s
the
barber
’
s
5.
名词前有冠词,数词,不定代词
或指示代词时,用
of
词组
+
所有格表示
a friend of
John
’
s
that bike of
Tom
’
s
6.
< br>某样东西为两人或多人共有,在后一个名词尾
+
’
s .
Jane and
Fred
’
s mother
Jane
’
s and
Fred
’
s mother
Tom
and Tim
’
s car
Tom
’
s and
Tim
’
s car
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(三)
名词的用法
名词在句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语等。
1
、
The story is
very interesting. (
)
2
、
I am drawing a
picture.
(
)
3
、
My
brother is a doctor. (
)
4
、
Your pencil box
is so nice.
(
)
(四)
主谓一致
1.
主语是复数,谓语用复数,主语是单数,谓语用单数。
He
is
a student.
We
are
students.
2.
and
连接两个名词,看有无
the.
The professor and writer
is
going to give us a
lecture of writing.
The professor and
the writer
are
going to our
school.
3.
A
number of
…
和
The
number of
…
后的谓语。
The number of people
was
fifty, but a number of them
were
absent for different
reasons.
4.
主语
+ with/as well as/
but/except/besides/including
…
+
主语,
谓语动词的单复数
与第一
个主语一致。
A library with five
thousand books
is
offered to
the nation as a gift.
All
the teachers as well as
the
students
(be)
invited to the party.
5
.以
either
…
or ,
neither
…
nor , not only
…
but also
,
not
…
but
…
等连接两个
并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数应
按照
就近原则
。
Either you or he ______(be) to go .
Not only he but
also I ______(be)
wrong .
Neither the children nor the teacher
_______ (know) anything about it.
6.
There be
句型
就近原则
。<
/p>
There ____ a pair of glasses
on the desk.
There ____ two
patients and
a nurse in the hospital.
7.
有些名词复数形式作为一个整体,
(
如度量,距离,金额,时间,书名等)其
谓语动词用单数。
Two weeks ___(be ) not
enough to finish the work .
1000 dollars ___
(be
) a
large amount of money.
8.
某些集体名词,如
family
,team
等做主语时,若当一个整体看,谓语动词就用
单<
/p>
数
,
若
就
其
中
一
个
一
个
成
员
来
看
,
谓
语
动
词
就
用
复
数
,
cl
ass
,
club,
audience
,committee
,
crowd
,
government
,
party,
public
,
team
等。其中
population
的用法也类似
His
family
_____(be)
a
happy
family.
The
whole
family
_____(be)
having lunch.
The
population
of
China
____(be)very
large.
All
the
world
________(be)
waiting for the
good news.
9.
成双成对构成的东西,如
glasses, shoes,
chopsticks, scissors
等作主语,谓语动
词用复数形式,但与
a
pair
一起构成作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
10
.
each ,
every+
名词,
谓语用单数。
Each boy and girl
________(want) to serve
the people in the future.
11.
…
几分之几
< br>/
…
百分之几
+of
+
名词单数
/
复数
+
谓语单数
/
复数