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高中代词专项讲解

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-08 13:21
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2021年2月8日发(作者:描图纸)










Whenever you have an aim you must


sacrifice


something


of


freedom


to


attain


it.


代词专项



【考点归纳】



1.


人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法


;




2.


名 词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法


;




3


反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法


;




4


常见不定代词的一般用法


;




5.


指示代词的一般用法,并了解其在上下文中的指代用法


;




6.


相互代词的基本用法


;




7.


疑问代词的基本用法。





8.


关系代词的基本用法。




【专题讲解】



一、代词分类







代词是 代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:


人称代词、物主 代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词等



二.代词基本用法及考点




1






15





There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning


from failure












单复数




主格




宾格




容< /p>




物主代


词< /p>



名词性


物主代词



反身代词



第一人称



单数



复数



I


we


you


you


he


She


it


me


us


you


you


him


her


it


them


My


our


your


your


his


her


Its


their


Mine


ours


yours


yours


his


hers




theirs


Myself


ourselves


yourself


yourselves


himself


herself


itself


themselves


第二人称



单数



复数



第三人称



单数



复数



they


试体会下列人称代词的用法:






1



he seated himself at the back of the classroom.


(反身代词只作宾语、同位


语和表语)






2



Please help yourself to some fish.




< br>3



Sometimes he doesn’t believe in himself.


-





4



Who is knocking at the door




It’s me.






5



The poor boy was himself.





6



This book is mine




not his.




7



He’s an old friend of mine




not hers.





8



You




he and i have worked together for ten years.


(注意人称代词的顺序)




2






15





There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning


from failure











9



Nice to see you here. me




too.

(这里不能用


I


:我也如此。)






10< /p>



All of us should learn from them all.



(一)人称代词



1


、基本用法




1


)作主语用主格。



作宾语用宾格。



作表语多用宾格。




We meet him in the street yesterday.



---Who is it?


---


It’s me.



注:在


but, except, than , as


之后,可用主格或宾格,句义不变。




I’m as tall as she(her).




2



she


可以代表



国家,



船只,



大地,



月亮





he




太 阳






China has risen. She in no longer what she used to be.



3)


排列顺序



(单数人称:







一;



复数人称:一





三)




You, he and I should do that.



We, you and they must help each other in our studies.



注:在承担责任、错误时,顺序为一





三。


I and my sister are to blame.


2


、考点



1



作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,< /p>


或在这种句子


中与动词不定式连用,常用宾格。

< br>



Does any of you know where Tom lives?



Me.


What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!


2



it


的用法及习惯搭配。




(二)物主代词




3






15





There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning


from failure









代词中第一个



小个性


就是物主代词。



my



mine


这两个小冤家总是让人


分不清谁是谁。


但你只要记住它们最重要的区别


—< /p>


my


的后面一定要接名词,


不可


以单独出现,只能做定语,如:


my father;




mine


则是名词性,只能单独出现,


在句中做主语和表语。如:


Mine is green. It's mine.


记住这两个句子,凡 是名词性


物主代词


(yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs)


就都可以放在


mine


的位置上了。


这样,



过它们出现的位置不同,我们就可以把它们区别开了。



1.


基本用法



1


)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只作定语,



不作表语。




My hometown,


his school,


their future….



2)


名词性物主代词等于



形容词性 物主代词


+


名词


,可以作主语、宾语、表


语。




You love your country and we love ours.



---Whose bag is this?


---


It’s hers.



2.


考点



1



one’s own…=...of one’s own


句式的转换。





I want to have a car of my own.= I want to have my own car.


2




介词< /p>



+ the +


身体部位

< p>


此处不能用形容词性物主代词代替


the





The robber knocked her on the back.



(三)反身代词





代词的第二个


罗嗦



就是它有一个小跟班


-self(selves)



反身代词, 也就是表




自己、亲自



的意思。关于反身代词,需要注意的是她不能单独做主语,但可

< p>
以放在人称代词后面,做同位语。




4






15





There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning


from failure








1.< /p>


反身代词的语法功能:宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。




One should not praise oneself.


She often speaks to herself.



She is not quite herself.


The table itself has only three legs.


2.


考点



1)


谓语动词的宾语为主语本身,该宾语用反身代词。




She found herself in a different world.


2)


带有反身代词的惯用语。



enjoy oneself,


feel oneself,


make oneself at home,


make oneself


understood




help yourself to…,



seat oneself,


dress oneself,


call oneself,


teach oneself,


by oneself,


to oneself,


of oneself,


for oneself,


talk to oneself


in oneself



(四)相互代词



each other, one another



< br>相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为


each


other’s



one another’s ,


作定语。一般来说,


each other


指两者之间,


one another



三者或三者以上之间,但现在区分已不明显。






We


should


learn


from


each


other


/


one


another.


(


作宾语


)




Do


you


often


write


to


each


other


/


one


another?


(


作宾语


)




We


often


borrow


each


other's


/


one


another's


books.


(


作定语


)




The


students


corrected


each


other's


/


one


another's


mistakes


in


their


homew


ork.(


作定语


)



(五)指示代词



this, that , these, those, such, same





5






15





There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning


from failure








指示代 词具有形容词和代词两种词性,在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或


表语等。

< p>


1.


指示代词


this/ these



that/ those


的区别。




this (these)


一般指时 间或空间上较近的人或物。


that(those)


常指时间或空间


较远的人或物。



This is my desk and that is yours.


In those days they could not go to school.



this


常指后面 要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;



that

则指前面讲到过的事物,


有承上的作用。



I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.


He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.




考点:为了避免重复,常用


that



those


代替前面已提过的名词。



The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.


The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.


2. such



same


的用法。

< br>



such




这样的



人或事,在句中作 主语和定语。



Such was the story.


We have never seen such a tall building.



the same



同样的


人或事,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。



The same can be said of the other article.



(六)疑问代词



who, whom, which, what, whose




疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。



/what


询问姓名或关系用


who





Who is he?



He is my brother./He is Henry.


询问职业或地位用


what




What is he





He is a lawyer/teacher.



6






15





There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning


from failure








2. which


表示在一定范围内,而


who



what


则无此限制。



I found two books on the is yours?



(七)连接代词和关系代词



(非重点)



连接代词与疑问代词的形 式相同,主要有


who



whom



whose



w hat



which


以及它们与


ever


合成的代词


whoever



whomever



whatever



whichever


等。它们


用来引导主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句,即连接复合句中的主句和从句,并 在


从句中担任一定的句子成分,以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加


that.


关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词,


它 们包括


who



whom



whose



which



that


等。这两类代词的用法详见



名词性从句





定语从句


部分。




(八)不定代词(中考重点)



不定代 词主要有:


all



each



every



bot h



either


< br>neither



one



none



little

< br>、


few



many

< p>


much



other



another


< br>some



any


< p>
no


等。还有由


some



any



no



every


构成合成代词,


不定代 词具有名词和形容词的性质,


并有可数和不可数之


分,在句中可 以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(


every



no


只能作


定语)。下面介绍几组主要 不定代词的用法与区别。




1. one, some



any:


1) one


可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为


ones

< p>


some


多用于肯定句,


any


多用于疑问句和否定句。



One should learn to think of others.



7






15





There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning


from failure




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