-
（英语）高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1
．
阅读理解
When was
the
last
time
you
used
plastic
plates?
Next
time,
why
not
try
some edible
ones?
You'll help the
environment and your guests won't go hungry.
and
saw
a
lot
of
money
being
thrown
away.
I
thought
that
was
criminal,
so
I
decided
to
do
something about it,
Now, Vicentini has an amazing range
of edible plates for schools. The plates are made
out of
bread
dough,
so you
can eat
them
afterwards.
dishes
cost
a few
pennies each
and
are
either
eaten
by
the
kids,
or
go
into
recycling
bins
for
animal
food,
explained Vicentini,
50,
of
Milan.
But
now
other
companies
are
developing
edible
plates,
too.
The
Edible-Plate
Company
offers
edible
plates,
bowls,
trays
and
cups.
Their
products
are
environmentally-
friendly,
100%
biodegradable
and can be used for all types of catering and home
use. And they're made from a
natural
plant. After use, they can be fed to animals or
left to degrade naturally.
They also have a range of
cutlery
（餐具）
made from corn
and potato starch
（淀粉）
. These
plates will also help reduce the amount
of plastic; we create. Waste from plastic causes a
lot of
damage
to
the
environment,
as
well
as
costing
governments
millions
m
waste
management.
Plastic bags
often end up in landfill sites or on the street.
And the burning of plastic waste causes
toxic gases that pollute the air. In
response to this, governments around the world are
introducing
tough recycling
regulations. And many shops are offering
biodegradable plastic bags and eco-safe
packaging on their products. To help
matters, the International Organization for
Standardization
(the
ISO)
has
also
developed
a
system
to
evaluate
the
biodegradability
of
products,
with
a
certification and logo scheme,
Meanwhile, how about a nice plate for
lunch?
（
1
< br>）
Which of the following is not the
advantage of edible plates?
A. They are expensive.
B. They can degrade naturally.
C. They are environmentally-friendly.
D. They are made from natural
plant.
（
2
< br>）
Which of the following statements
is true?
A.
Tiziano is from Germany.
B. Edible plates are only used for school
catering.
C. Corn and potato
starch can be used to make cutlery.
D. The Edible Plate Company doesn't
produce edible bowls.
（
3
）
What does
the underlined word
A. The
air pollution.
B. The edible cutlery.
C.
The
toxic
gases
caused
by
the
burning
of
plastic.
D. The
damage
to
the
environment
caused by
plastic waste.
（
4
）
What is the main idea of
this passage?
A.
The measures to stop the pollution.
B. The ways to reduce the plastic
waste.
C. How
to
make
edible
plates
from
natural
plants. .
D. The
plate
solution
to
eating
and
environmental problem.
【答案】
（
1
）
A
（
2
）
C
（
< br>3
）
D
（
4
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了饮食和环境的问题，并且提出了相应的解决
方法。
<
/p>
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的<
/p>
“Their
products
are
environmentally
-friendly,
100%
biodegradable and can
be used for all types of catering and home use.
And they're made from a
natural plant.
After use, they can be fed to animals or left to
degrade naturally.”
可知，
“
昂贵
”
不
是
edible plates
的优势。故选
A
。
（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“They also have a
ran
ge of
cutlery
（餐具）
made from
corn and potato starch
（淀粉）．<
/p>
”
可知，玉米和马铃薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故选
C
。
（
3
）考查代词指代。根据第三段中的
“Waste
from
plastic
causes
a
lot
of
damage
to
the
environment, as well as
costing governments millions m waste management.
Plastic bags often
end up in landfill
sites or on the street. And the burning of plastic
waste causes toxic gases that
pollute
the air. In response to this, governments around
the world are introducing tough recycling
regulations.”
塑料垃圾对环境造成了很大的破
坏，同时也给政府带来了数百万的垃圾管理。
塑料袋经常会出现在垃圾填埋场或街道上。
而燃烧的塑料垃圾会导致有毒气体污染空气。
作为对此的回应，世界各国政府正在出台严
格的回收法规。由此可知
this
指的是
“
塑料垃圾
对环境造成的破坏。
”<
/p>
故选
D
。
（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的
“When was
the
last
time
you
used
plastic
plates?
Next
time,
why
not
try
some
edible
ones?
You'll
help
the
environment
and
your
guests
won't
go
hungry.
可知，本文讲述
的是饮食和环境问题的解决方案。故选
D
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，代词指代和主旨大意四个题型的考查
，是一
篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括
归纳，
从而选出正确答案。
2
．
阅读理解
Dogs were living as companions to
the early settlers of North America over 10,000
years ago.
The oldest domestic dogs in
the Americas were thought to be around 9500 years
old. Angela Perri
of Durham University,
UK, and her colleagues have carried out fresh
radiocarbon dating on the
two
dog
skeletons
that
gave
this
date,
discovered
in
the
prehistoric
Koster
site
in
Illinois,
and
found they were even
older: around 10,100 years old.
A third dog from another Illinois
site called Stilwell II was older still, at 10,190
years old. That
makes it the oldest
known domesticated dog in the Americas. The team
concluded that all three
dogs
were
domesticated
as
they
skeletons
were
complete
and
unskinned,
and
so
hadn't
been
butchered
for
food.
They
had
also
been
carefully
buried,
evidence
they
were
valued
by
their
owners.
The
Stilwell
II
dog,
which
probably
resembled
a
small
English
settler,
was
under
what
seemed to be the floor of a living
area. It is unclear why it took so long for tame
dogs to arrive in
the Americas, given
that they were domesticated at least 14,000 years
ago in Eurasia. By this time,
people
were already moving into North America from
Siberia; there is evidence some reached
Chile 18,500 years ago. Geneticists
have found signs of at least three waves of
migration over the
following
millennia.
There
is
no
evidence
that
domestic
dogs
accompanied
them.
“We
don't
know if dogs were part of the first
waves of immigration to the
Americas
Ghent University in Belgium.
is
they may not have had
Pennsylvania State
University.
（
1
）
How
old is the oldest known domestic dog in the
Americas7
A.
About 9500 years.
B. About
10,100 years.
C. 10,190 years.
D. 18,500 years.
（
2
）
The
underlined word
A. killed
B. bought C.
trained D.
raised
（
3
< br>）
What
is
the
attitude
towards
when
tame
dogs
arrived
in
the
Americas
in
the
last
three
paragraphs?
A. Undoubted. B.
Unsure. C. Indifferent.
D. Unconfident.
（
4
）
What is the main topic of
this passage?
A.
The earliest domestic dog in the Americas.
B. The first dog arriving in the
Americas.
C. How dogs were
domesticated in the Americas.
D. When the oldest dog was found in the
Americas.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了大概一万年以前就在北美成为人类伙伴的狗
的种类。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“A
third
dog
from
another
Illinois
site
called
Stilwell
II
was
older
still,
at
10,190
years
old.
That
makes
it
the
oldest
known
domesticated
dog
in
the
Americas.”
可知，美洲最古老的家犬有
10,190
年。故选
C
。
（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的
“The
team
concluded
that
all
three
dogs
were
domesticated as they skeletons were
complete and unskinned, and so hadn't been
butchered for
food. They had also been
carefully buried, evidence they were valued by
their own
ers. ”
研究小组
得出的结论是，这三种狗都是被驯化的，因为它们的骨骼是完整的，没有皮肤的，所以没
有被宰杀作为食物。他们也被仔细地埋葬了，证据表明他们是被主人重视的。关键词
buried
，可知划线词的意思是
“
杀死
”
，故选
A
。
（
3
）
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“It is unclear why it
took so long for tame dogs to arrive
in
the Americas, given that they were domesticated at
least 14,000 y
ears ago in Eurasia.”
可知，
对到达美洲的驯服的狗态度是不确定。故选
B
。
（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的
“Dogs were
living as companions to the early settlers of
North America over 10,000 years ago.
The oldest domestic dogs in the Americas were
thought to
be around 9500 years old.”
可知，美洲有最早的家犬。故选
A
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四
个题型的考查，是一
篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下
文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3
．
阅读理解
New South Wales,
Australia, is setting up cameras as part of an
effort to reduce the number of
people
preoccupied with wireless devices while they
drive. It will be the first area in the world to
use the technology to punish drivers
distracted (
分心
) with
telephone calls, social media or text
messages.
Road Safety experts are concerned about the
growing number of accidents involving drivers
using smart phones on the state's
roads. They say drivers who use phones while
driving greatly
increase their chances
of being involved in an accident.
The New South Wales government
plans to place 45 Mobile Phone Detection Cameras
across
the
state
by
December.
Each
phone
detection
unit
contains
two
cameras.
One
camera
takes
pictures of a vehicle's registration
plate (
牌照
). A second camera
looks through the front window
of a car
or truck to see what drivers are doing with their
hands.
The
units
use
artificial
intelligence
to
set
aside
drivers
who
are
not
touching
their
phones.
Human
beings
then
confirm
if
the
pictures
show
illegal
behavior
before
notice
is
sent
to
the
vehicle's
registered
owner.
A
violation
(
违反
)
carries
fine
of
$$232.
Some
cameras
will
be
permanently set up on roadsides. Others
will be moved, from time to time, around the
state.
Two fixed cameras
took photographs of 8.5 million vehicles as part
of a six-month test earlier
this
year. The
cameras
took
photos
of
more
than 100,000
drivers with
their hands
on
phones.
One
driver was using a phone and another electronic
device, an Apple iPad, at the same time.
Another
driver
had
a
passenger
guide
the
vehicle
while
they
both
held
phones,
the
state
government
said.
（
1
）
What is the real purpose to set up
cameras in New South Wale?
keep records of the
accidents.
promote the
latest technology.
find
illegal behavior of the drivers.
force drivers to focus more on
driving.
（
2
）
What can we infer from the road
safety experts?
-phones are main killers on the
road.
accidents result from
drivers' using cell-phones.
es are badly needed to ban using phones
while driving.
ng a smart-
phone while driving will cause an
accident.
（
3
）
How
does the phone detection unit function
effectively?
corrects the drivers' wrong behavior.
has two cameras to record the
plates.
sends a notice to
the legal diver autonomously.
combines artificial intelligence with
human's efforts.
（
4
）
What did a six-month test
show?
onic
devices could help divers indeed.
passenger helped operate the
vehicles.
drivers used
electronic devices while driving.
was common to be busy with two
wireless devices.
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（<
/p>
2
）
C
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了澳大利亚新南威尔士州正在设置摄像头，以
减少开车时全神贯注于无线设备的人
数。用这项技术惩罚那些因电话、社交媒体或短信分
心的司机，将是世界上第一个。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段
“New South Wales,
Australia, is setting up cameras as part of
an effort to reduce the number of
people preoccupied with wireless devices while
they drive. It
will be the first area
in the world to use the technology to punish
drivers distracted
（分心）
with telephone calls, social media or
text messages.”
澳大利亚新南威尔士州正在设置摄像头，
以减少开车时全神贯注于无线设备的人数。用这项技术惩罚那些因电话、社交媒体或短信
分心的司机，将是世界上第一个。所以判断出，新南威尔士设置摄像头的真正目的是迫使
司机更专注于驾驶。故选
D
。
（
2
）
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“Road Safety experts are
concerned about the growing
number of
accidents involving drivers using smart phones on
the state's roads. They say drivers
who
use phones while driving g
reatly
increase their chances of being involved in an acc
ident.”
可
知道路安全专家对越来越多的司机在州内道路
上使用智能手机的事故表示关注。他们说，
司机在开车时使用手机，大大增加了发生事故
的可能性。所以判断出，道路安全专家认为
急需采取措施禁止开车时使用手机。故选
C
。
（
3
）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的
“The units use artificial intelligence to
set aside drivers
who
are
not
touching
their
phones.
Human
beings
then
confirm
if
the
pictures
show
illegal
behavior before
notice is sent to the vehicle's registered owner.”
可知这些装置使用人工智能技
术，将不接触手机的司机隔离开来
。然后，在通知车主之前，由人类确认照片上是否有违
法行为。因此，手机检测装置是把
人工智能和人类的努力结合起来。故选
D
。
（
4
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“Two
fix
ed
cameras
took
photographs
of
8.5
million
vehicles
as
part
of
a
six
﹣
month
test
earlier
this
year.
The
cameras
took
photos
of
more
than
100
，
000 drivers
with their hands on phones.”
可知今年早些时候，作为
为期
6
个月的测试的
一部分，两个固定
摄像头拍摄了
850
万辆汽车的照片。这些摄像头拍摄了
10
万多名驾驶
员的手拿着手机的照片。
所以，六个月的测试显示了许多司机在开车时使用电子设备。故<
/p>
选
C
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，
是一篇科技类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出
正确答案。
4
．
阅读理解
The Wall Street Journal
recently published an excellent article penned by
Wendy Bounds on a
hot topic here at
MNN: the air-purifying qualities of the common
house plant. Given that the air
inside
your home can be 2 to 5 times more polluted than
the air outside of it, making it clean
with
plants
like
peace
lily
(
百合花
)
and
asparagus
fern
(
芦笋蕨
)
is
an
economical
artistically
pleasing
alternative
to
air
purifiers.
So
it's
been
acknowledged
that
a
bunch
of
pretty
putted
houseplants can help you maintain a
healthier home, but a smarter home?
That's
the
question
in
light
of
a
recent
study
published
by
the
Journal
of
Environmental
Psychology showing that the presence of
plants in a room, particularly in an office
environment,
can shrink attention span
(
范围
). Struggling directive
attention (the kind of attention that takes
effort) can be refreshed through
exposure ho to naturalistic environments.
Basically, taking a walk
through the
park can clear one's head. But can a head be
refreshed simply by being surrounded
by
houseplants?
To test
their theory, the study's authors rounded up a
bunch of participants, put some of them
in a mom with no plants and put others
in a room with our plants placed around a desk,
and put
them all to the same series of
tests. First was a Rearing Span Teat which
involves reading a series
of sentences
aloud and remembering the Last word in each
sentence. This task requires that you
fluently
switch
between
attention
demanding
tasks:
from
rending
and
memorizing
at
one
moment to writing and recalling at the
next. Next came a proofreading task fallowed by
another
Reading Span Test.
The results? Participants working
in the room with the plants improved their
performance from
the first Reading Span
Test to the second while those working in the room
lacking in greenery did
not.
Consequently, the benefits of working among plants
is indeed evident.
（
< br>1
）
What do we know from
the first paragraph?
g indoors can help avoid the poorer air
outdoors.
lants can Function
as beautiful cheap air purifiers.
ng polled flowers as decorations is
very interesting.
purifiers
are the most effective to create a healthy
home.
（
2
）
What does the underlined part in
paragraph 2 probably refer to?
one's
attention.
b one's
attention.
one's
attention.
one's attention
away.
（
3
）
What does the test prove?
g in nature helps increase
productivity.
lants will be
in great demand in our life.
ry creates healthier naturalistic
atmosphere indoors.
g among
houseplants improves mental
functioning.
（
4
）
What can be a suitable title
for the text?
s:
Grand Feast to Eyes
ry:
Effective Air-purifier
lants: Visual Brain Food
Plants: Great! House-
beautifier
【答案】
<
/p>
（
1
）
B
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，通过实验说明室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意
力。
（
1
）考查
细节理解。根据第一段中的
“Given that the air
insid
e your home can be 2 to 5 times
more polluted than the air outside of
it, making it clean with plants like peace lily
(
百合花
) and
asparagus fem
(
芦笋蕨
) is a economical,
artistically pleasing alternative to air purifiers
.”
可知，鉴
于室内空气污染比室外空气污染严重
2
到
5
倍，用百合花、芦笋
蕨这些植物来取代空气净
化器净化室内空气即经济实惠又美观。故选
B
。
（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的
“Struggling directive attention(the kind of
attention that
takes effort can be
refreshed through exposure to naturalistic environ
ments.”
可知，挣扎的注意
力
(
需要努力的注意力
)
可以通过置身于自
然环境中来恢复。据此可推知，缩小注意力范围
即指注意力得到恢复，变得更专注。故选
A
。
（
3
）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的
“Participants
working
in
the
room
with
the
plants
improved their performance from the
first Reading Span Test to the second while those
working
in the room lacking in greenery
did not. Consequently, the benefits of working
among plants is
indeed
evide
nt.”
可知，在有植物的房间里工作的参与者从第一次阅读广度测试到第二次阅
读广度测试的成绩都有所提高，而在没有绿色植物的房间里工作的参与者则没有。因此，
在植物间工作的好处是显而易见的。由此可知，这个测试的证实了在室内植物间工作可以
改善精神功能。故选
D
。
（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据全文内容可知本文介绍室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意
力，对
大脑的工作效果起到积极作用。故选
C
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三
个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下
文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5
．
阅读理解
Bamboo is one of the world's most
useful plants. For thousands of years, bamboo has
been
used in many different ways-from
food to medicine to clothing and, in small ways,
as a building
material.
However, bamboo is not often used
as a building material in the developed world. A
professor
at
the
University
of
Pittsburgh
in
Pennsylvania
is
trying
to
change
that.
The
professor
and
his
students are testing the strength of
are testing how much pressure or weight it can
take before breaking.
Kent Harries is a professor at the
University of Pittsburgh. Harries says that
testing methods for
bamboo need to be
the same for all. They need to be standardized.
Standardizing test methods
for bamboo
will help to bring the plant into common use. It
will also give engineers and builders
around the world a dependable
standard.
Harries says
that bamboo is strong in nature. The strength of
at least three species of bamboo
is
similar
to
s
its
strength,
bamboo
has
other
features
that
make
it
very
useful
in
building. He says it is
resilient(
有弹力的
), meaning it
keeps its shape and strength even under
pressure.
Bamboo also grows quickly. Bamboo that is suitable
for construction needs much less resources
than
wood.
The
harvest
cycle
of
bamboo
is
about
3
years.
Softwoods
such
as
cedar,
pine
and
spruce have a harvest cycle of about 10
years. And hardwoods that come from flowering
plants
such as oak and walnut need more
than 30 years.
Bamboo is
widely used as food for panda bears. It is also
used for flooring and window covers.
However, for building, bamboo is not
used much outside its native growing area. This is
mostly
because
of
its
round
shape.
But
there
are
other
reasons
too.
People
think
--
or
have
the
mentality--that bamboo
is a low quality building material.
（
1
）
What
is the author mainly talking about in the passage?
A. Make bamboo a common
building material.
B. Take
advantage of bamboo in our everyday.
C. Consider bamboo to be a common
plant.
D. Use bamboo to replace
building materials.
（
2
）
What is the purpose of
what Kent Harries and his students did?
A. To prove what is the
most useful plant.
B. To
introduce bamboo to the developed
world.
C. To give engineers
and builders some advice.
D. To
make sure of the strength of bamboo.
（
3
）
What
does Harries think of bamboo in the passage?
A. Harries sees bamboo as a
great building material.
B.
Harries thinks bamboo is as strong as
steel.
C. Harries
sees
bamboo
as
the
most
ideal
Plant.
D. Harries
thinks
bamboo
has
the
reliable
shape.
（
4
）
What can be inferred
from the passage?
A. Bamboo
is
an
environmentally
friendly
building
material.
B. Bamboo
material
will
go
to
the market in the soon
future.
C. Hardwoods are
much more popular than softwoods.
D. Bamboo grows not only faster but
takes up less space.
【答案】
（
1
）
A
（
2
< br>）
D
（
3
）
A
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了竹子是世界上最有用的植物之一。几千年
来，竹子被广泛地应用于各个方面，然
而，在发达国家，竹子并没有经常地被应用于建筑
领域。
Ken
t
Harries
教授试图改变这一点。他和他的学生们测
试了竹子的受压力量。
Kent
Harries
教授认为是一种很好的建筑材料。
(1)
考查主旨
大意。本文讲述了
Kent
Harries
< br>和他
的学生所做的实验，实验的目的是测试竹子能否当作建筑材料来使用。故选<
/p>
A
。
(2)<
/p>
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“ The professor
and his students are testing the strength of
bamboo
．
”
可知，
教授和他的学生做实验的目的是测试竹子的承受力，故选
D
。<
/p>
(3)
考查细节理解。根据第四段可知
，
Kent
Harries
认为竹子
结实、有弹力、能承受压力，是
有用的建筑材料，由此可知他的观点是竹子是种很好的建
筑材料。故选
A
。
< br>(4)
考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段可知，竹子长得很快，其生长为三年，而针
叶木材则需
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：史上最动人的十大情书
下一篇：藏传佛教英文词汇