磨削英语

2021年2月8日发(作者：toolbox是什么)

Grinding is a manufacturing process that involves the removal of metal by employing a rotating

abrasive wheel. The latter simulates a milling cutter with an extremely large number of miniature

cutting edges.

磨削是通过采用旋转磨轮去除金属的制造工艺。磨轮用非常大量的微型切削刃模仿

< p>
铣刀进行切削。

Generally,

grinding

is

considered

to

be

a

finishing

process

that

is

usually

used

for

obtaining

high-dimensional

accuracy

and

better

surface

finish.

Grinding

can

be

performed

on

flat,

cylindrical,

or

even

internal

surfaces

by

employing

specialized

machine

tools,

which

are

referred to as grinding machines.

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一般而言，

磨削被认为是一种通常用于获得高尺寸精度和较好表面光洁度的 精加工作业。

磨

削通过采用被称为磨床的特殊机床能在平面、圆 柱面甚至内表面上进行。

Obviously,

grinding

machines

differ

in

construction

as

well

as

capabilities,

and

the

type

to

be

employed is determined mainly by the geometrical shape and nature of the surface to be ground,

e.g., cylindrical surfaces are ground on cylindrical grinding machines.

显然，

磨床根据结构和功能的不同有所区 别，

使用何种形式的磨床主要取决于被磨削表面的

几何形状和物 理性质。例如，圆柱面在外圆磨床上磨削。

?

Type of Grinding Operations

磨削作业的类型

1. Surface grinding. As the name surface grinding suggests, this operation involves grinding of flat

or

plane

surfaces.

Fig.8.1

indicates

the

two

possible

variations,

either

a

horizontal

or

vertical

machine spindle.

1.

表面磨削：

就像其名称暗示的那 样，

表面磨削和平面磨削直接有关。

图

8.1

表示了两种可

能的变化：卧式磨床主轴或立式磨床主轴。

In the first case (horizontal spindle), the machine usually has a planer-type reciprocating table on

which the workpiece is held. However, grinding machines with vertical spindles can have either a

planer type table like that of the horizontal-spindle machine or a rotating worktable.

在第一种情况

(

卧式主轴

)

，卧式磨床通常具有安装工件的刨床式往复工作台 。而立式主轴磨

床既可以像卧式主轴磨床那样具有刨床式工作台也可以具有旋转工作台。

Also, the grinding action in this case is achieved by the end face of the grinding wheel (Fig.8.1b),

contrary

to

the

case

of

horizontal-spindle

machines,

where

the

workpieces

ground

by

the

periphery of the grinding wheel.

而且在这种情况下，磨削动作是通过砂轮端面完成的

(

图

8.1b)

，这与 通过砂轮周边磨削工件

的卧式主轴磨床正好相反。

Fig.8.1a and b also indicate the equations to be used for estimating the different parameters of

the grinding operation, such as the machining time and the rate of metal removal.

图

8.1a

和

b

同时简述了用于估计诸如加工时间和金属去除率之类的磨削作业不 同参数的方

程式。

During the surface-grinding operations, heavy workpieces are either held in fixtures or clamped

on the machine table by strap clamps and the like, whereas smaller workpieces are usually held

by magnetic chucks.

在平面磨削时，

重的工件用夹具固定或用压板等夹紧在磨床工作台上，

而小的工件则通常是

用电磁卡盘固定的。

2. Cylindrical grinding. In cylindrical grinding, the workpiece is held between centers during the

grinding operation, and the wheel rotation is the source and cause for the rotary cutting motion,

as

shown

in

Fig.8.2.

In

fact,

cylindrical

grinding

can

be

carried

out

by

employing

any

of

the

following methods:

2.

圆柱面磨削：在圆柱面磨削中，作业时工件支撑在两顶尖之间，砂轮转动是导致回转切

削运动的动力源，如图

8.2

所示。实际上，圆柱面磨 削能通过采用下列任意方法来实现：

(1)

The

transverse

method,

in

which

both

the

grinding

wheel

and

the

workpiece

rotate

and

longitudinal

linear

feed

is

applied

to

enable

grinding

of

the

whole

length.

The

depth

of

cut

is

adjusted by the cross feed of the grinding wheel into the workpiece.

(1)

横向方法：这种方法中砂轮与工件均旋转且采用线性纵 向进给以保证能磨削整个长度。

切削深度通过改变砂轮对工件的横向进给来进行调整。< /p>

(2) The plunge-cut method, in which grinding is achieved through the cross feed of the grinding

wheel and no axial feed is applied. As you can see, this method can be applied only when the

surface to be ground is shorter than the width of the grinding wheel used.

(2)

插入

-

切削方法：

这种方法通过砂轮的横向进给完成磨削而不采用 轴向进给。

正如料想的

那样，这种方法只在要磨削表面比所用砂 轮宽度短时才使用。

(3)

The

full-depth

method,

which

is

similar

to

the

transverse

method

except

that

the

grinding

allowance is removed in a single pass. This method is usually recommended when grinding short

rigid shafts.

(3)

全深度方法：这种方法除了一次加工就能去除磨削余量外其它与横向方法相同。这种方

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法通常在磨削较短刚性轴时推荐使用。

Internal

grinding.

Internal

grinding

is

employed

for

grinding

relatively

short

holes,

as

shown in Fig.8.3. The workpiece is held in a chuck or a special fixture. Both the grinding wheel

and the workpiece rotate during the operation and feed is applied in the longitudinal direction.

内表面磨削：内表面磨削用于相对较短的孔，如图

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8.3

所示。工件安装在卡盘或特

殊夹具上。作业 时砂轮和工件都回转并且采用纵向进给。

Any desired depth of cut can be obtained by the cross feed of the grinding wheel. A variation

from this type is planetary internal grinding, which is recommended for heavy workpieces that

cannot be held in chucks.

通过砂轮的横向进给能得到任意所需的切削 深度。

这种方法的一个变体是行星式内表面磨削，

当工件较重不 能用卡盘固定时推荐使用。

In that case, the grinding wheel not only spins around its own axis but also rotates around the

centerline of the hole that is being ground.

在这种情况下，砂轮不但绕自身轴线回转，同时还绕被磨削孔的中心线 旋转。

Centerless grinding. Centerless grinding involves passing a cylindrical workpiece, which is

supported by a rest blade, between two wheels, i.e., the grinding wheel and the regulating or

feed wheel.

无心磨削：无心磨削用于加工圆柱形工件，工件由托板支撑，在两轮即砂轮和调节

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或进给轮之间通过去。

The

grinding

wheel

does

the

actual

grinding,

while

the

regulating

wheel

is

responsible

for

rotating the workpiece as well as generating the longitudinal feed. This is possible because of the

frictional characteristics of that wheel, which is usually made of rubber-bonded abrasive.

砂轮完成实际磨 削，

而调节轮负责旋转工件和产生纵向进给。

由于调节轮通常用 橡胶粘结的

磨料制成，其摩擦特性使这成为可能。

As can be seen in Fig.8.4, the axis of the regulating wheel is tilted at a slight angle with the axis of

the grinding wheel. Consequently, the peripheral velocity of the regulating wheel can be resolved