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1
Almost every new
innovation goes through three phases. When
initially introducing into the
market,
the process 1.
_____introducing
：
introduced; of adoption is slow. The
early models are
expensive and hard to
use, and perhaps even unsafe. The economic impact
is relatively great. 2.
_____great
：
small; The
second phase is the explosive one, where the
innovation was rapidly
adopted by a
large number of people. It gets 3. _____was
：
is; cheaper and easier to
use and
becomes something familiar. And
then in the third stage, diffusion of the
innovation slows down
again, as if it
permeates out across the economy. 4. _____ as
后面的
if
去掉；
During the
explosive phase, whole new industries
spring up to produce the new product or
innovation, and to
service it. For
example, during the 1920s, there was dramatic 5.
_____was
后面加
a; acceleration
in auto production, from 1.9 million in
1920 to 4.5 million in 1929. This boom was
accompanied
with all 6.
_____with
：
by; sorts of other
essential activities necessary for an auto-based
nation:
Roads had to been built for the
cars to 7. _____been
：
be; run on; refineries and oil wells,
to
provide the gasoline; and garages,
to repair it. 8. _____it
：
them; Historically, the same pattern is
repeated again and again with
innovations. The construction of the electrical
system requested an
enormous early
investment in generation and 9. _____ requested
：
required;
distribution capacity.
The introduction
of the radio was followed by a buying spree by
Americans what quickly brought
radios
into almost half of all households 10. _____what
：
1930, up from
nearly none in
1924.
2
When some
nineteenth
century New Yorkers said
―Harlem‖, they meant almost all of
Manhattan above Eighty-sixth the end
of the century, however, a group
of
citizens in upper Manhattan-want perhaps, to shape
a closer 1._________
and
more precise sense of
community
—
designated a
section that
they wished to have known
as Harlem. The chosen area was the
Harlem which Blacks were moving in the
first decades of the 2.________
new
century as they left their old settlements on the
middle and
lower blocks of
the West Side.
As the community became
predominantly Black, the very
word―Harlem‖ seemed to lose its old
meaning. At time it was 3.________
easy to forget that ―Harlem‖was
originally the Dutch name
―Harlem‖; the community it described
had been founded by 4.________
people from
Holland
；
and that for most of
its three centuries
—
it
was first settled in the sixteen
hundreds
—
it had been
preoccupied 5.________
by White
Ne
w Yorkers. ―Harlem‖became synonymous
to 6.________
Black life and
Black style in Manhattan. Blacks living there
used the word
as though they had coined it on
themselves
—
not 7.________
only to designate their area of
residence but to express their
sense of
the various qualities of its life and atmosphere.
As the
years passed, ―Harlem‖asserted
an even larger meaning. In 8.________
the words of Adam Clayton Powell, Sr.,
the pastor of the
Abyssinian Baptist
Church, Harlem ―became the symbol of
liberty
and the
P
romised Land to Negroes
everywhere‖.
By 1919
Harlem
It had received its share of
wartime migration from the South,
the
Caribbean, and parts of colonial Africa. Some of
the
new arrivals merely lived for
Harlem; it was New York they had 9.________
come to, looking for jobs and for all
the other legendary opportunities
of
life in the city. To others who migrated to
Harlem, New
York was merely the city in
which they found themselves: Harlem was exactly
what they wished
to be. 10.________
3
More people
die of tuberculosis (
结核病
)
than of any
other disease caused by a
single agent. This has probably
been
the case in quite a while. During the early stages
of ___1____
the industrial revolution,
perhaps one in every seventh ___2___
deaths in Europe’s crowded cities were
caused by the ___3___
disease. From now on, though, western
eyes, missing the __4____
global
picture, saw the trouble going into decline. With
occasional breaks for war, the rates of
death and
infection in the Europe and
America dropped steadily __5___
through
the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1950s, the
introduction of antibiotics
(
抗菌素
) strengthened the
trend in rich countries, and the
antibiotics were allowed
to be imported
to poor countries. Medical researchers ___6__
declared victory and withdrew.
They are wrong.
In the mid-1980s the frequency of __7___
infections and deaths started to pick
up again around the
world. Where
tuberculosis vanished, it came back; in ___8___
many places where it had never been
away, it grew better. ___9___
The World
Health Organization estimates that 1.7
billion people (a th
ird of
the earth’s population) suffer
from tuberculosis. Even the infection
rate was
falling, population growth
kept the number of clinical
cases more
or less constantly at 8 million a year. Around
____10___
3 million of those people
died, nearly all of them in poor
countries
。
4
Language
learning begins with listening. Individual
children vary
greatly in the amount of
listening they do after they start speaking,
1.________
and the late starters are
often long listeners. Most children will
spoken instructions some time before
they can speak, though the
word obey is
hardly accurate like a description of the eager
and 2._____
delighted cooperation
usually shown by the child. Before they can
speak, many children will ask questions
in gesture and by making 3._____
questioning noises. Any attempt to
trace the development from the
noises
babies make to their first spoken words lead to
considerable 4._____
difficulties. It
is agree that they enjoy making noises, and that
during
the first few months one or two
noise sort themselves out as 5.____
particular indicative of delight,
distress, sociability, and so on. But since 6.___
these can be said to show the baby’s
intention to communicate, they can
7._____
hardly be regarded
as early forms of language. Is is agreed, too,
from 8.______
about three months they
play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six
months they are able to add new sounds
to their repertoire. This self-imitation
leads on to deliberate imitation of
sounds making or words spoken to 9.______
them by other people. The problem then
arises as to the point which one 10._____
can say that these imitation can be
considered as speech.
5
A ―typical‖ British family used to
consist of mother, father and two
children, and in recent years there
have been many changes in family 1.____
life. Some of these have been caused by
new laws and other 2. _____
are the
result of changes in society. For example, for the
law 3.___
made easier to get a divorce,
the number of divorces has increased. 4. ______
In fact, one marriage in every three
now end in divorce. This means that 5. ______
there are a lot of one-parent families.
Society is now more tolerant than it
used to be with unmarried
people, unmarried couples and single parents.
6._____
Another change has been caused
by the fact people are living longer 7. ____
nowadays, and many old people lives
alone following the death of their
partners. As a cause of these changes
in the pattern of people’s lives, there
8.____
are many families
consist of only one person or one person and
children. .9._____
You might think that
marriage and the families are not so popular as
they
once are. However, the majority of
divorced people marry again and they 10._____
sometimes take responsibility for a
second family.
6.
A piece of
writing giving instructions has much in
common with the explanation
of a process, but it is
addressed to a different reader and
served a different
1. _____
purpose. The reader is
someone who may be expecting to
2. _____
perform the
process, and the purpose is to enable him to
perform that properly
rather than just to understand it.
3.____
In one sense of the
word, instructions seem to mean the
same thing like orders; but there is a
difference between 4. ____
ordering a
person to do something and tell him how to do
5.____
something. The two possibilities
are not mutually
exclusive,
and both may be called for some occasions. 6.
_____
In our context, however, giving
instructions means
giving
information rather than giving orders, even
though such an information
may sometimes be expressed 7. _____
in
the imperative form.
In technical
writing giving instructions are usually a 8. _____
matter of telling how to perform some
physical process
such as assembling,
using, inspecting, or repairing
equipments, performing a test, or doing
some job in a 9. _____
laboratory. Such instructions are given
by manufacturers
to dealers
who sell and service their products and to
producers who use them;
they comprise
10._____
the bulk of the contents of laboratory
manuals; they are
produced,
in the form of instruction manuals, as a result
of enormous labor, by the multimillion-
dollar industries that serve the armed forces.
7
When we talk
about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to
get good score on a certain kind of
test , or even the ability to do with
well in school; these are at
1.____ with: / best; only indicators
of something larger, deeper, and
farmore important. By intelligence they mean a
style of2.___they:
we; life,
a way of behaving in various particularly in new,
strange, and puzzled situations. The true
test of
3.____
puzzled puzzling; intelligence is not how much we
know how to do, but how we
behave when
we won’t know what to do. 4.____
Won’t: don’t
The
intelligent persons, young or
old,
meeting a 5.____ persons: person; new situation or
problem, opens himself up to it; he tries to