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Topic
hamster/hamster FAQ/syrian
hamster genetics
主题
仓鼠
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仓鼠常见问题
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叙利亚仓鼠遗传学
by kittykitty addicted to the
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由
kittykitt
y
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Syrian Hamster Genetics.
叙利亚仓鼠遗传
I am
going to try to keep this as basic as possible but
still remain informative. If any
one
has anything they would like to add to this or
anything they think I may be
incorrect
on, do tell me!
我会尽量建立在基本知识上，
但是仍然存在未知信息。
如果有任何人想补充或者认为我可能有不
正确的地方，请告诉我。
The Basics
基础知识
A female's Chromosomes are written as
XX, a males as XY.
一个女性的染色体是写成
×
×
，男性为
XY
。则
Syrian hamsters have 44
chromosomes
each of which
has many thousands of
individual genes
that determine what the hamster will look like,
how big it will get
etc.
叙利亚
仓鼠有
44
条染色体，每条染色体都带有成千上万的基因，来决
定仓鼠的长相、个体大小
等。
Phenotype
is the term used
to describe an animal's physical, outward
appearance
表型是用来形容动物的生理表现和外表
Genotype
is the word used
for the animal's genetic or hidden
characteristics.
基因之动物的遗传特性或隐性特性
Remember it like this...
GENotype
–
GENes
记住这样它
...
基因型
-
基因
PHenotype
–
Physical
表型
-
物理
The deciding factor on what colour fur
an animal has or what colour its eyes are
going to be are
alleles
.
Each
set of alleles is located on its own individual
locus or
loci
.
动物毛皮的颜色或者是眼睛的颜色等外表表现都由基因决定。
决定某个特性的对应基因位于等位
基因的个别基因或位点。
If only a single allele is
required to affect the animal's phenotype then it
must be
dominant
. Dominant
genes are shows as a capital letter (e.g. SS).
如果影响动物外表只需要一个单一的基因占主导地位，
该基因为显性基
因。
显性基因为一个大写
字母（例如
S
S
）
Factors that
require two identical alleles on order for the
colour or pattern to be
present in the
phenotype as said to be
recessive
. Recessive genes
are written as a
lower-case letter
(e.g. ss)
影响动物外表需要由两个相同的等位基因，则该基因为隐性基因。
隐性基因写成小字母（如
ss
）
Some hamster colours are
incompletely dominant
. In
many cases the
homozygous
version of this colour or coat type will look
slightly or dramatically
different to
the
heterozygous
individual.
Silver grey Syrians can be either
homozygous (SgSg) or heterozygous
(Sgsg) and are a good examply of incomplete
or partial dominance
有些仓鼠的颜色
不完全是显性表象。
在许多情况下，
这种颜色的外表可能是纯合
子或杂合子
所表现出的不同个体。
Sliver grey
叙利亚可以是纯合子（
SgSg
）
，也可以是杂合子（
Sgsg
）
，
是不完全显性或部分显性的一个典型范例。
Animals inherit two alleles for each
possible genotype (i.e. eye colour), one from
each parent but these are not always
the same.
动物每个都可能继承
< br>2
个基因（即眼睛的颜色基因），分别来自父母，但这些并非都相同。
If the animal inherits alleles
for a particular characteristic that are identical
from
each parent it will be homozygous
(ss or SS)
如果动物从父母双方继承的特定特性是一致的，即为纯合子（<
/p>
ss
或
SS
）<
/p>
If it inherits one dominant
gene from one parent and a recessive from another
then
it is said to be heterozygous (Ss)
如果它从父母双方继承的特定特性一方是显性基因而另一方是隐性基因，则为杂合子（<
/p>
Ss
）。
Dominant genes
cover or mask recessives genes. Unless you know
the background
of your breeding animals
you will not know that they are there.
可知的显性基因和不可知的隐性基因。
除非你知道你繁殖动物的背景，
< br>否则你永远不会知道
它们的存在。
In order for a recessive gene to
present itself in the phenotype, there must be two
identical alleles present on the same
locus
一个隐性基因要表现出来，必须有两个相同等位基因出现在两个相同的位点
。
There are also
sex-linked genes
. Female
animals possess two X chromosomes
whilst males have a single X and one Y
chromosome. Sex-linked genes are only ever
passed on either from an X to an X or
from a Y to another Y, they cannot be passed
on indiscriminately from one to
another. The gene that governs sex-linkage is
passed on with the chromosomes that
determine gender and so are sex linked.
也有伴性基因。女性有两条
X
染色体而男性只有一条
X
染色体和一条
Y
染色体。伴性基因永远
只有通过一个
X
染色体传给另外一个染色体，或者一个
Y<
/p>
染色体传给另外一个
Y
染色体，不能
交叉传递。主导基因性状的基因之间的联系是通过由染色体决定的动物性别联系在一起的。<
/p>
Genetic crosses
or punnet squares
基因十字架或小篓正方形
These can be used to establish what
proportion of your litter will be what colour.
这些可用于了解你将废弃颜色的比例。
The known genotype of the parents is
written along the top and down the side of the
square
父母已知的基因型写在正方形的上边与左边。
This genetic cross shows a homozygous
animal and a heterozygous animal. They
are both visually the colour of the
dominant gene which has masked their recessives
这种遗传交叉得出的杂合子后代，它们表面视觉上的显性基因颜色会掩盖其所带有的隐性基因
。
B
b
B
BB
Bb
b
Bb
bb
50% of their offspring would be
heterozygous carriers of the recessive gene like
they are,
50
％的后代会是隐性基因杂合子携带者，
25%
would be homozygous for the dominant gene
25
％的人会是为显性基因纯合子
and 25% would be homozygous for the
recessive gene and sp show the colour or
coat type in their phenotype.
和
25
％将
是隐性基因纯合和
SP
的颜色显示在他们的表型或外套类型。<
/p>
The different
Syrian hamster colours have each been assigned
their own
designators in order to make
it easier for the breeder to establish traits of
dominance and inheritance as well as
what colours combine to make new colours
and what genes cancel each other out. <
/p>
叙利亚仓鼠不同颜色已经得到区别，
以方便饲养者更容易了解其优
势和特点，
由何种颜色父辈结
合而得出的颜色，以及什么样的基
因之间是互斥的。
Syrian
Hamster Designators
叙利亚仓鼠指示符
The basic colours:
基本颜色：
Colour
颜色
Golden
Genetic
Code
Phenotype
遗传密码
++
表型
Mahogany with heavy black
ticking
金色的
Cinnamon
pp
aa
ee
bb
红褐色，毛梢为黑色
Rich
orange
肉桂
Black
黑色
Black Eyed Cream
橙色
Black to the
roots
黑色底毛
Rich
cream to the roots
黑眼奶油色
Rust
深奶油色，深奶油色底毛
Browny orange ticked with
darker brown
绣色
鲜艳的橙褐色，棕色毛梢