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独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由名词或代词，加上一个分词、形容词、副词
、介词短
语或不定式构成的。该结构意思完整，但不能单独使用，可以在句中作状语，<
/p>
用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等，一般都有逗号与主句分开。
该结构中，
being
或
h
aving been
有时可以省去，但在
there be<
/p>
句型中或逻辑主
语是代词时一般不省。
一、时间：
The moon
appearing, they went out for a walk.
月亮
出来了，
他们到外面去散
步。
The meeting over, they all went home.
会议结束，他们都回家了。
Hello said, he reached out his hand.
打过招呼，他就把手伸了出来。
The test finished, we began our
holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The meeting gone over, everyone tried
to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个
人都想早点回家。
Goodbye
said,
the
little
boy
as
well
as
his
classmates
left
school
and
went
home happily.
告辞之后，小男孩和他的同学一起高高兴兴地回家了。
The
decision
having
been
made,
the
next
problem
was
how
to
make
a
good
plan.
决定已经做出，下个问题就是怎样制订好的计划。
Their work done, the workers left the
factory.
活干完之后，工人们离开了工
厂。
The
meeting over, the officials came out.
会议结束之后，官员们出来了。
The speech having been
delivered
，
a lively
discussion started
．演讲结束后，
就开始
了热烈的讨论。
So said, it was
done.
这样说了，就这样做了。
二、原因：
The
president assassinated, the whole country was in
deep sorrow.
总统被谋
杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。
It being
Sunday, he got up very late.
这天是星期天，所以他起得很晚。
There being no one in the room, I
didn
’
t go in.
看到房间里没人，我就没有进
去。
Wednesday being so close upon us, we
determined to go back to London that
night.
星期三这么近了，我们决定当天晚上回到伦敦。
The
driver
seeing
a
rock
on
the
road,
the
car
was
stopped.
看到路上有块石
头，司机就把汽车停住了。
7
A teacher to visit, he
can
’
t go and play football
with you today.
由于老师要
来，他今天不能和你一起去踢球了。
The
day being hot, we went swimming.
由于天热，我们就去游泳了。
There being nothing to do, I went out
for a walk.
因为没事可做，我就出去散
散步。
The bus being late, they missed the
train.
由于公交迟到，
他们误了这班火车。
The driver seeing a boy on the road,
the car was stopped.
司机看到路上有个
小孩儿，就把车停住了。
Greatly
surprised, I read diary after diary, each
expressing a similar theme.
极
度惊讶之中，我一篇接一篇地看着日记，每一篇表现的主题都很相似。
All flights having been canceled, we
decided to take the train.
既然所有的航
班都已取消，我们就决定乘火车。
Her
mother having fallen ill, she had to stay at home
and look after her.
因为
母亲生了病，她不得不留在家里照顾母亲。
The window open while he slept , he
caught a cold.
他睡觉时开着窗子，所以
感冒了。
A new technique having been worked out,
the output as a whole increased by
20
percent.
新技术出现后，总产量增加了
20%.
There
being
no
fresh
drinking
water
and
no
good
farm
land,
it
was
not
a
comfortable place in which
to live.
既没有新鲜的饮用水又没有好的土地可以耕
种，这儿住着不会舒心的。
The
old
man
being
unable
to
lift
his
half-frozen
body
from
the
ground,
the
horseman helped him onto the horse and
took him not just across the river, but to
his destination.
老人冻得半僵的身体已经
不听使唤了，骑马人就扶他上马，不
但驮他过了河，而且还把他送到了目的地。
Mr Li being a senior teacher,
we all respect him.
因为李先生是高级教师，
< br>我
们大家都尊敬他。
So
many directors being
absent
，
the board meeting had
to be put off
．
<
/p>
这么
多董事长都不在，董事会只得推迟了。
The people putting up the new
year
’
s decorations, the city
took on a holiday
appearance.
人们点缀上新年的装饰品，城市就披上了节日的盛装。
Food run out, the poor man suffered
from hunger.
食物吃完了，这个可怜的
人只好挨
饿了。
The theory being that
since this is
a high-ticket
item
and she is
“
such a
big
girl
”
, it would
be much better for her to pick it out.
理论上讲是这样，
由于这是个
极合适的东西，她也是“这么个大
姑娘”了，
所以她能够认识到这一点就谢天
谢地了。
She
walked
throughout
the
garden
smelling
all
the
flowers
and
was
lost
in
amazement at the
differences in their aromas, each splendid in its
own way.
她走过
7
花园闻遍所有的花，
为它们不同的芳
香所陶醉，
因为每一种都有自己烂漫的方
式。
< br>
Her
hair
done
up
in
a
strange
way,
many
of
her
colleagues
could
not
help
making fun of
her.
由于她的发型非常奇怪，很多同事都禁不住取笑她。
It
was
truly
a
magnificent
hill,
its
sand
golden,
its
grass
sparse
but
tall
and
green in summer.
< br>这座山真的很宏伟，
沙粒金黄，
青草稀疏，
但夏季长得又绿又
高。
三、条件：
Weather
permitting, we shall climb the Great Wall
tomorrow.
如果天气许可的
话，我们明天就登长城。
That
done, she
set
about finding Mr.
Ferguson.
做完那件事她就着手寻找弗
格森医生。
Spring coming on, the trees turned
green.
春天到了，树变绿了。
All
being
well,
the
bargain
can
be
and
often
is
completed
in
less
than
five
minutes, with hardly any chat and to
everyone
’
s satisfaction.
一切就绪之后，
通常
不到五分钟就可成交，几
乎不磨嘴皮，并且人人满意。
The work done,
John went to see a film.
做完了这项工作，
约翰就看电影去
了。
The sun setting, they went home.
太阳落山，他们就回家了。
The
listeners having taken their seats, the concert
began.
听众落座之后，音
乐会开始。
All things considered,
I’
d say that it was a little
unreliable.
全盘考虑之后，
我得说这事有点不可
靠。
Everything taken into
consideration, they ought to have another chance.
考虑
到各种情形，应该再给他们一次机会。
Such being the case, I
couldn
’
t but support him.
既然情况如此，
那我只好支
持他了。
Other things being
equal
，
a man who expresses
himself effectively is sure to
succeed
more rapidly than a man whose command of language
is poor
．其它条件
相等的情况下，
能够有效地表达自己意思的人肯定要比一个语言贫乏的人成功
得快。
All flights having been canceled
because of the snow-
storm
，
many passengers
could do nothing but take the
train
．
所有航班都因暴风雪而
取消，因此，很多
乘客只好坐火车。
All things
considered
，
the planed trip
will have to be called off
．综合考虑，
计划好的旅行必须取消。
四、方式：
The teacher
came in, book in hand.
老师拿着书本进来了。
The
thief rushed into the house, knife in hand.
小偷手里拿着刀冲进房子。
7
Three men came
marching along, pipe in mouth and sword in hand. <
/p>
三个人嘴
里刁着烟斗，手里提着宝剑，雄赳赳，气昂昂地朝这边走
来。
The argument went on
endlessly, each accusing the other of dishonesty.
辩论
无休无止，每个人都说别人不诚实。
Hands held high, the dancers circled
now to the right, now to the left.
手举得<
/p>
高高的，这些舞者绕着圈，一会儿朝右，一会儿朝左。
A water bearer in India had two large
pots, each hung on each end of a pole
which he carried across his neck.
印度的一个挑水人有两只大罐，挑水时杆子的一头挂一只。
Twenty failed, myself among the rest. <
/p>
落榜者有
20
人，我也是其中之一。
The silence was finally
broken when Mickey, his face filled with joy,
hugged
my son tightly and shouted,
“I
scored! I scored!
Everybody won! Everybody
won!
”
沉默终于打破：米基满面
欢喜，紧紧地抱着我儿子，大喊道：
“我进了！我进
了！都赢了
！都赢了！
”
Out they
came, each dragging a round-topped trunk.
他们走出来，每人拖着
一个圆顶箱子。
We rose and dressed ourselves for the
battle, each putting on his chain shirt.
我们起来，穿好衣服准备参加战斗，每个人都穿上了链甲衫。
五、伴随：
She entered
the room, her nose red with cold.
她进了房间，鼻子冻得通红。
He
rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.
他冲进房间，
满脸是汗。
He studies in the room, the door
closed.
他在房间里闭门学习。
He came into the room, his ears red
with cold.
他来到房间，耳朵都冻红了。
He came out of the library, a large
book under his arm.
他腋下夹着本厚书出
了图书馆。
He stood there, his hand raised.
他举着手站在那儿。
A
robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
一强盗手持利刃闯进房间。
The
sea-lion was swimming up and down in the pool,
ball on nose.
那头海狮
鼻子上顶个球在水池中来回游着。
Then her
eyes sparking again, she added,
“
What should I do
today?
”
接着，
她又目光炯炯地补充道：
“我今儿个怎么办？”
Their
room was on the fifth floor, its broad window
overlooking the park.
他
们的房间在
五楼，站在大窗户前就能看到下面的公园。
The
wounded wore no shoes, their feet wrapped in
pieces of cloth.
伤员都没
穿鞋，脚上裹着布。
I
was
sprawled
in
the
ditch,
soaked
to
the
skin,
my
head
pounding,
my
car
gone and my pockets empty.
我
四肢伸开躺在沟里，
浑身透湿，
头昏眼花，
汽车
不见了，口袋也空了。
She stood there, her eyes fixed on the
stranger.
她站在那儿，眼睛盯着那个
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