-
2014
年
12
月英语
六级仔细阅读答案
(
卷一文都版
)
Section C
Directions: There are 2
passages in this section. Each passage is followed
by some questions or unfinished statements. For
each of them there are four choices
marked A, B, C and D. . You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre.
Passage one
It is easy to
miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global
economic recession, but there is a less
conspicuous kind of social
upheaval(
剧变
)underway that is fast
altering both the face of the planet and the way
human beings live. That change is the
rapid acceleration of urbanization. In
2008, for the first time in human history, more
than half the world’s populatio
n was
living
in towns and cities. And as a
recently published paper shows, the process of
urbanization will only accelerate in the decades
to
come
—
with an
enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on
climate change.
As Karen Seto, the led
author o
f the paper, points out, the
wave of urbanization isn’t just about the
migration of people
into urban
environments, but about the environments
themselves becoming bigger to accommodate all
those people. The rapid
expansion of
urban areas will have a huge impact on
biodiversity hotspots and on carbon emissions in
those urban areas.
Humans are the ultimate
invasive species
—
when the
move into new territory, the often displace the
wildlife that was
already living there.
And as land is cleared for those new
cities
—
especially in the
dense tropical
forests
—
carbon will be
released into the atmosphere as well.
It’s true that as people in developing nations
move from the countryside to the city,
t
he
shift may reduce the
pressure on land, which could in turn be good for
the environment. This is especially so in
desperately
poor countries, where
residents in the countryside slash and burn
forests each growing season to clear space for
farming. But
the real difference is
that in developing nations, the move from rural
areas to cities often leads to an accompanying
increase in
income
—
and that increase leads to
an increase in the consumption of food and energy,
which in turn causes a rise in carbon
emissions. Getting enough to eat and
enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on
the grid is certainly a good thing
—
but
it does
carry an environmental price.
The
urbanization wave can’t be stopped —
and it shouldn’t be. But Seto’s paper
does underscore the importance of
managing that transition. If we do it
the rig
ht way, we can reduce
urbanization’s impact on the environment. “There’s
an
enormous opportunity here, and a lot
of pressure and responsibility to think about how
we urbanize,” says Seto. “One thing
that’s clear is that we can’t build
cities the way we have over the last couple of
hundred years. The scale of this transition won’t
allow that.” We’re headed towards an
urban planet no matter what, but whether it
becomes heaven or hell is up to us.
56. What issue does the author try to
draw people’s attention
to?
A. The shrinking biodiversity
worldwide.
B. The rapid
increase of world population.
C. The ongoing global economic
recession.
D. The impact of
accelerating urbanization.
57. In what
sense are humans the ultimate invasive species?
A. They are much greedier
than other species.
B. They
are a unique species born to conquer.
C. They force other species out of
their territories.
D. They
have an urge to expand their living space.
58. In what way is urbanization in poor
countries good for the environment?
A. More land will be preserved for
wildlife.
B. The pressure
on farmland will be lessened.
C. Carbon emissions will be
considerably reduced.
D.
Natural resources will be used more effectively.
59. What does the author say about
living comfortably in the city?
A. It incurs a high environmental
price.
B. It brings poverty
and insecurity to an end.
C. It causes a big change in people’s
lifestyle.
D. It narrows
the gap between city and country.
60.
What can be done to minimize the negative impact
of urbanization according to Seto?
A.
Slowing down the speed of transition.
B. Innovative use of advanced
technology.
C. Appropriate
management of the process.
D. Enhancing people’s sense of
responsibility.
答案：
56 D The impact of
accelerating urbanization
57 C they force other species out...
58 B the
pressure on farmland will...
59 A it incurs a high
environmental...
60 C appropriate management...
Passage Two
When Harvard
student Mark Zuckerberg launched in Feb. 2004,
even he could not imagine the forces it
would let loose. His intent was to
connect college students. Facebook, which is what
this website rapidly evolved into, ended up
connecting the world.
To the children
of this connected era, the world is one giant
social network. They are not bound
—
as were previous
generations of humans
—
by what they were taught.
They are only limited by their curiosity and
ambition. During my
childhood, all
knowledge was local. You learned everything you
knew from your parents, teachers, preachers, and
friends.
With the high-
quality and
timely information at their fingertips, today’s
children are rising normally tame middle class is
speaking up against social ills.
Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into
adding women to their boards. Political leaders
are marshalling the energy of millions
for elections and political causes. All of this is
being done with social media technologies
that Facebook and its competitors set
free.
As does every advancing technology,
social media has created many new problems. It is
commonly addictive and creates
risks
for younger users. Social media is used by
extremists in the Middle East and elsewhere to
seek and brainwash recruits.
And it
exposes us and our friends to disagreeable spying.
We may leave our lights on in the house when we
are on vacation, but
through social
media we tell criminals exactly where we are, when
we plan to return home, and how to
blackmail(
敲诈
)us.
Governments
don’t need informers any more. Social
media allows government agencies to spy
on their own citizens. We
record our
thoughts, emotions, likes and dislikes on
Facebook; we share our political views, social
preferences, and plans. We
post
intimate photographs of ourselves. No spy agency
or criminal organization could actively gather the
type of data that we
voluntarily post
for them.
The marketers are also seeing big
opportunities. Amazon is trying to predict what we
will order. Google is trying to judge
our needs and wants based on our
social-media profiles. We need to be aware of the
risks and keep working to alleviate the
dangers.
Regardless of what social media people
use, one thing is certain: we are in a period of
accelerating change. The next decade
will be even more amazing and
unpredictable than the last. Just as no one could
predict what would happen with social media in
the last decade, no one can accurately
predict where this technology will take us. I am
optimistic, however, that a connected
humanity will find a way to uplift
itself.
61. What was the
purpose of Facebook when it was first created?
A. To help students connect
with the outside world.
B.
To bring university students into closer contact.
C. To help students learn
to live in a connected era.
D. To combine the world into an
integral whole.
62. What difference
does social media make to learning?
A. Local knowledge and global knowledge
will merge.
B. Student will
become more curious and ambitious.
C. People are able to learn wherever
they travel.
D. Sources of
information are greatly expanded.
63.
What is the author’s greatest concern with social
media technology?
A.
Individuals and organizations may use it for evil
purposes.
B. Government
will find it hard to protect classified
information.
C. People may
disclose t
heir friends’ information
unintentionally.
D.
People’s attention will be easily distracted
from their work in hand.
64. What do businesses use social media
for?
A. Creating a good
corporate image.
B.
Conducting large-scale market surveys.
C. Anticipating the needs of customers.
D. Minimizing possible
risks and dangers.
65. What does the
author think of social media as a whole?
A. It will enable human
society to advance at a faster pace.
B. It will pose a grave threat to our
traditional ways of life.
C. It is bound to bring about another
information revolution.
D.
It breaks down the final barriers in human
communication.
答案：
61 B to bring university students into
closer...
62 D
sources of information are greatly expanded
63 A
individuals and organizations may use it for evil
purpose
64 B
anticipating the needs of customers
65
A it will enable human society to advance at a
faster pace.
2014
年
12
月英语六级仔细阅读答案
(
卷二
新东方版
)
Section
C
Directions:
There
are
2
passages
in
this
section.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
some
questions
or
unfinished
statements. For
each of
them there are four choices
marked A), B),
C) and D). You should
decide
on the best
choice
and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet
2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Nothing
succeeds
in
business
books
like
the
study
of
success.
The
current
business-book
boom
was
launched
in 1982 by Tom Peters and Robert
Waterman with
“
In Search of
Excellence
”
. It has been
kept going ever
since
by
a
succession
of
gurus
and
would-
be
gurus
who
promise
to
distil
the
essence
of
excellence
into
three(or
five or
seven)simple rules.
The
Three
Rules
is
a
self-
conscious
contribution
to
this
type;
it
even
includes
a
bibliography
of
“
success
studies
”
.
Messrs
Raynor
and
Mumtaz
Ahmed
work
for
a
consultancy,
Deloitte,
that
is
determined
to
turn
itself
into
more of a thought-leader and less a corporate
repairman. They employ all the tricks of the
success
genre. They insist that their
conclusions are
“
measurable
and actionable
”
-guide to
behavior rather than
analysis for its
own sake. Success authors usually serve up vivid
stories about how exceptional
business-
people
stamped
their
personalities
on
a
company
or
rescued
it
from
a
life-threatening
crisis.
Messrs
Raynor and Ahmed are happier chewing
the numbers: they provide detailed appendices on
“
calculating the
elements of
advantage
”
and
“
detailed
analysis
”
.
The authors spent five
years studying the behaviour of their 344
“
exceptional
companies
”
, only to
come up at first with nothing. Every
hunch(
直觉
)led to a blind
alley and every hypothesis to a dead end.
It was only when they shifted their
attention from how companies behave to how they
think that they began
to make sense of
their voluminous material.
Management is all about making
difficult tradeoffs in conditions that are always
uncertain and
ever-changing.
But
exceptional
companies
approach
these
trade-offs
with
two
simple
rules
in
mind,
sometimes
consciously,
sometimes unconsciously. First: better before
cheaper. Companies are more likely to succeed
in
the
long
run
if
they
compete
on
quality
or
performance
than
on
price.
Second:
revenue
before
cost.
Companies
have more to gain in the long run from
driving up revenue than by driving down costs.
Most
success
studies
suffer
from
two
faults.
There
is
“
the
halo
(
光环
)
effect
”
,
whereby
good
performance
leads
commentators to attribute all manner of virtues to
anything and everything the company does. These
virtues
then
suddenly
become
vices
when
the
company
fails.
Messrs
Raynor
and
Ahmed
work
hard
to
avoid
these
mistakes
by
studying
large
bodies
of
data
over
several
decades.
But
they
end
up
embracing
a
different
error:
stating
the
obvious.
Most
businesspeople
will
not
be
surprised
to
learn
that
it
is
better
to
find
a
profitable
niche(
缝隙市场
)and
focus on boosting your revenues than to compete on
price and cut your way to success.
The
difficult question is how to find that profitable
niche and protect it. There, The Three Rules is
less
useful.
56. What kind of business books are
most likely to sell well?
A) Books on
excellence.
B) Guides to management.
C) Books on business rules.
D) Analyses of market trends.
【答案】
A
57. What
does the author imply about books on success so
far?
A) They help businessmen on way or
another.
B) They are written by well-
recognised experts.
C) They more or
less fall into the same stereotype.
D)
They are based on analyses of corporate leaders.
【答案】
C
58. How
does The Three Rules different from other success
books according to the passage?
A) It
focuses on the behavior of exceptional
businessmen.
B) It bases its detailed
analysis on large amount of data.
C) It
offers practicable advice to businessmen.
D) It draws conclusion from vivid
examples.
【答案】
B
59. What does the passage say
contributes to the success of exceptional
companies?
A) Focus on quality and
revenue.
B) Management and sales
promotion.
C) Lower production costs
and competitive prices.
D) Emphasis on
after-sale service and maintenance.
【答案】
A
60. What is
the author
’
s comment on The
Three Rules?
A. It can help to locate
profitable niches.
B. It has little to
offer to businesspeople.
C. It is noted
for its detailed data analysis.
D. It
fails to identify the keys to success.
【答案】
B
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