华东理工大学过程装备与系统 (双语)

Chapter 1 Introduction to Process Equipment

Key Terms

Axial bearings

轴向轴承

: devices designed to prevent back-and-forth movement of a shaft; also called thrust

bearings.

Boiler

锅炉

: a type of fired furnace used to boil water and produce steam; also known as a steam generator.

Compressors

压缩机

:

mechanical

devices

designed

to

accelerate

or

compress

gases;

classified

as

positive

displacement or dynamic.

Coupling

联轴器

: a device that attaches the drive shaft of a motor or steam turbine to a pump, compressor,

or generator.

Driver: a device designed to provide rotational energy to driven equipment.

Heat exchanger

换热器

: an energy- transfer device designed to transfer energy in form of heat from a hotter

fluid to a cooler fluid without physical contact between the two fluids.

Pumps

泵

: devices designed to move liquids from one place to another; classified as positive displacement or

dynamic.

Reactor

反应器

:

a

device

used

to

combine

raw

materials,

heat,

pressure,

and

catalysts

in

the

right

proportions to form chemical bonds that create new products.

Steam turbine

蒸汽轮机

: an energy- conversion device that converts steam energy(kinetic energy) to useful

mechanical energy; used as drivers to turn pumps, compressors, and electric generators.

Valve

阀

: a device used to stop, start, restrict(throttle), or direct the flow of fluids.

Questions:

1.

Identify the purpose of a steam turbine

The

purpose

of

a

steam

turbine

is

to

converts

kinetic

energy

to

useful

mechanical

energy

in

order

to

drive pumps, compressors, and electric generators. (P9)

2.

Describe the importance of equipment lubrication.

Lubrication protects the moving parts of equipment, helps remove heat generated and provides a fluid

barrier

between

the

metals

parts

to

reduce

friction,

thus

ensuring

the

good

operation

of

process

equipment. (P10)

3.

Explain the purpose of bearings and seals.

Bearings prevent up-and-down and side-to-side or back-and- forth movement of a rotating shaft.

Seals prevent leakage between internal compartments in a rotating piece of equipment. (P10)

Rotary equipment uses seals and bearings to maintain operation integrity. (P20)

4.

What is the difference between rotary and stationary equipment?

Rotary equipment is characterized by a circular movement and is composed of a driver, a connector, and

the driven equipment. (P4)

However, stationary equipment is static. (

自己编的

)

5.

How is power transmission in rotary equipment classified?

Power transmission in

rotary

equipment

is

classified as

speed-to- torque

conversion or torque-to-speed

conversion. (P6)

Chapter 2 Valves

Key Terms

Check valves

止回阀

: mechanical valves that prevent reverse flow in piping.

Control

valves:

automated

valves

used

to

regulate

and

throttle

flow;

typically

provide

the

final

control

element of a control loop.

Disc

阀瓣

: a device made of metal or ceramic that fits snugly in the seat of a valve to control flow.

Gate valve

闸阀

: a device that places a movable metal gate in the path of a process flow.

Globe valve

止通阀

: a device that places a disc in the path of a process flow.

Safety/relief

valve

安全

/

释放阀

:

device

set

to

a

automatically

relieve

pressure

in

a

closed

system

at

a

predetermined set point; relief valve valves are used for liquids; safety valves are used for gases.

Stuffing box

填料函

: the section of a valve that contains packing.

Throttling

节流

: reducing or regulating flow below the maximum output of a valve.

Trim: the flow- control element and seats in a valve.

Questions:

6.

Explain the purpose of valves in industrial manufacturing.

The

primary

purpose

of

a

valve

is

to

direct

and

control

the

flow

of

fluids

by

starting,

stopping,

and

throttling (restricting) flow to make processing possible. (P25)

7.

Identify the basic components of a gate valve.

P27 Figure 2.2

8.

List the main types of valves.

Gate valves. Globe valves. Ball valves. Check valves. Butterfly valves. Plug valves. Diaphragm valves.

Relief and safety valves. Automatic valves.

9.

Compare a relief valve to a safety valve.

Relief valve valves are used for liquids; safety valves are used for gases.

10.

List the four types of check valves.

Swing check valve.

Lift check valve.

Ball check valve.

Stop check valve.

Chapter 3 Tanks, Piping, and Vessels

Key Terms

Alloy

合金

: a material composed of two or more metals or a metal and a nonmetal.

Blind

盲板

: a device used in piping to gain complete shutoff.

Butt-weld piping: pipe on which the parts to be joined are the same diameter and simply welded together.

Corrosion

腐蚀

:

electrochemical

reactions

between

metal

surfaces

and

fluids

that

result

in

the

gradual

wearing away of the metal.

Flanges

法兰

: used to connect piping to equipment or where piping may have to be disconnected; consist of

two mating plates fastened with bolts to compress a gasket between.

Floating- roof tank: has an open top and a pan-like structure that floats on top of the liquid and moves up and

down inside the tank with each change in liquid level.

Grounding: is described as procedure designed to connect and object to the earth with a copper wire and a

grounding rod.

Radiographic inspection: use of X-rays to locate defects in metals in much the same manner as an X-ray is

taken of a broken bone.

Socket-welded piping: type of piping in which the pipe is inserted into a larger fitting before being welded to

another part.

Tank farm

罐区

: a collection of tanks used to store and transport raw materials and products.

Questions:

11.

List the different types of aboveground storage found in a tank farm.

Low, medium, high pressure. (P51)

12.

What two types of blinds do we use?

Paddle blinds and figure-eight blinds. (P64)

13.

How does increased temperature affect the performance of metals?

In general, as temperature increases, the strength of metals decreases and corrosion rate increases. (P66)

14.

What is an alloy steel?

Steel that contains alloy elements is called alloy steel. (

自己编的

)

15.

What is corrosion, and how is it manifested?

Corrosion

is

electrochemical

reactions

between

metal

surfaces

and

fluids

that

result

in

the

gradual

wearing away of the metal (

定义

). In a word, corrosion is metal loss. (P60)