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考研英语典型长难句及解析之二
1.
This will be particularly true since energy pinch
will make it difficult to continue agriculture in
the high-energy American fashion that makes
it possible to combine few farmers with
high yields.
结构分析
:
句子的主干是
This will be
particularly true
?。
since
引导原因状语从句。
此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词
that
引导的定语从句,
修饰
t
he high-energy American fashion
。
在定语从句中,
that
做主语,
makes
做谓语,
it
做形式宾
语,
不定式短语
to combine few
farmers with
high yields
则是真正
的宾语
(不定式短语内部
to
combine
是主干,
few
farmers
是宾语,
with high yields<
/p>
是状语)
,
possible
做宾语补足语。
this
指代前句中提到的这种困
境。
energy pinch
译为“能源的匮乏”
;in
?
fashion
译为“用?方法、方式”
。
译文:这
种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏,高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去,而这种耕种方
式使投入
少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
2. Now since the assessment
of intelligence is a comparative
matter
,
we must be sure that
the scale with which we are comparing our subjects
provides a
“
valid<
/p>
”
or
“
fai
r
”
comparison.
p>
结构分析
:
句子的主干是
< br>we must be sure
?。
since
引导原因状语从句
the assessment of
intelligence is a comparative matter
。
p>
主句中又有
that
引导的宾语从句
that the scale with which we are comparing
our subjects provides a
“
vali
d
”
or
“
f
air
”
comparison
。此宾
语从句中又套嵌一
个由介词
with+which
引导的定语从句
with which we are comparing
our subjects
修饰先行词
the scale
p>
。
scale
在此处意为“尺度、衡量标<
/p>
准”
。
译文:
既然对智力的评估相比较而言的,
那么我们必须确保,
在对我们
的对象进行比较时,
我们所用的尺度能够提供
“有效的”或
p>
“公
平的”比较。
;
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3. In general
,
the
tests work most effectively when the qualities to
be measured can be most precisely defined and
least effectively when what is
to be
measured or predicted can be not well defined.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
the tests work most effectively when
?
and least effectively w
hen
?。
and
连接两个并列分句,
每个并列分句中皆有
一个
when
引导
的时间状语从句分别说明
work most effectively
和
and
(
work
)
least effectively
。第二
个时间状语从句中还有一个主语从
句
what
< br>?
predicted
。
the
tests
是主句的主语,
work
为
动词做谓语。
qualities
在此处是可数名词,
不译为
“质量”
,
而译
为
“特征”
。
defined
不能直译为“被定义为”
,而应译为主动语态“界定”
< br>。
译文:一般来说,当所需要测定的特征能被精确界定
时,测试最为有效
;
而当所测定或预测的东西不能被明确界定时
,测试效果最差。
4. For
example
,
they do not
compensate for gross social
inequality
,
and thus do not
tell how able an underprivileged youngster might
have been
had he grown up under more
favorable circumstances.
结构
分析
:
句子的框架是
they do
not compensate
?,
and thus do
not tell how
?。
and
连接两个并列分句,
第二个并列分句中由
how
引导的
宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句,其中
had he grown up
?(
=If he
had grown up
?)是省略了连词
if
的非真实条件句。主
句主语的
they
,
在此代指上文提到的
tests;
able
在句中作
might have been
的表语。
underprivileged
在此不
能译为
“没有特权的”
,
而译为
“没有地位的”或“物质条件差的”
。
p>
译文:例如,测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公
;
因此,它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境中成长的话,会有多
大才干。
leads the
discussion to extremes at the
outset
:
it invites you to
think that animals should be treated either with
the consideration humans
;
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