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考研英语典型长难句及解析之二

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2021-02-08 07:52
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2021年2月8日发(作者:helmet)


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考研英语典型长难句及解析之二



1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes


it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.



结构分析


:


句子的主干是


This will be particularly true


?。


since


引导原因状语从句。


此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词

that


引导的定语从句,


修饰


t he high-energy American fashion



在定语从句中,


that


做主语,

makes


做谓语,


it


做形式宾 语,


不定式短语


to combine few farmers with


high yields


则是真正 的宾语


(不定式短语内部


to combine


是主干,


few farmers


是宾语,


with high yields< /p>


是状语)



possible

< p>
做宾语补足语。


this


指代前句中提到的这种困 境。


energy pinch


译为“能源的匮乏”

< p>
;in


?


fashion


译为“用?方法、方式”




译文:这 种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏,高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去,而这种耕种方 式使投入


少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。




2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter



we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects


provides a



valid< /p>



or



fai r



comparison.



结构分析


:


句子的主干是

< br>we must be sure


?。


since


引导原因状语从句


the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter



主句中又有


that


引导的宾语从句


that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a



vali d



or



f air



comparison


。此宾 语从句中又套嵌一


个由介词


with+which


引导的定语从句


with which we are comparing our subjects


修饰先行词


the scale



scale


在此处意为“尺度、衡量标< /p>


准”




译文: 既然对智力的评估相比较而言的,


那么我们必须确保,


在对我们 的对象进行比较时,


我们所用的尺度能够提供


“有效的”或


“公


平的”比较。




;


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3. In general



the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is


to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.


结构分析


:


句子的框架是

the tests work most effectively when


?


and least effectively w hen


?。


and


连接两个并列分句, 每个并列分句中皆有


一个


when


引导 的时间状语从句分别说明


work most effectively



and



work



least effectively


。第二 个时间状语从句中还有一个主语从



what

< br>?


predicted



the tests


是主句的主语,


work


为 动词做谓语。


qualities


在此处是可数名词,


不译为


“质量”



而译 为


“特征”



defined


不能直译为“被定义为”


,而应译为主动语态“界定”

< br>。



译文:一般来说,当所需要测定的特征能被精确界定 时,测试最为有效


;


而当所测定或预测的东西不能被明确界定时 ,测试效果最差。




4. For example



they do not compensate for gross social inequality



and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been


had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.



结构 分析


:


句子的框架是


they do not compensate


?,


and thus do not tell how


?。


and


连接两个并列分句,


第二个并列分句中由


how


引导的


宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句,其中

had he grown up


?(


=If he had grown up


?)是省略了连词


if


的非真实条件句。主


句主语的


they



在此代指上文提到的


tests; able


在句中作


might have been

< p>
的表语。


underprivileged


在此不 能译为


“没有特权的”



而译为


“没有地位的”或“物质条件差的”




译文:例如,测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公


;

因此,它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境中成长的话,会有多


大才干。




leads the discussion to extremes at the outset



it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans



;


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