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部分矿床学术语及英文解释
Term
Banded ore
（条带状矿石）
Density
Definition
an ore consisting
of alternating layers of ore minerals and
gangue material and/or host rock.
the ratio of an object's mass to its
volume. (measured as grams
per
centimeter cubed: g cm
3
)
Disseminated ore
an ore
consisting of fine ore mineral particles that are
dispersed
（浸染状矿石）
throughout the host rock.
Enrichment
Epithermal
（低温热液的）
Mesothermal
（中温热液的）
Hypothermal
（高温热液的）
Fool's
Gold
the processes by which the
relative amount of one constituent
mineral or element contained within a
rock is increased.
a term applied to
relatively low-T (e.g. 100°
C -
200°
C)
hydrothermal
processes.
a term applied to
intermediate temperature (e.g. 200°
C -
300°
C) hydrothermal
processes.
a term applied to
relatively high temperature (e.g. 300°
C - 500°
C) hydrothermal
processes.
usually applied to fine-
grained iron pyrite and chalcopyrite.
part of a mineral deposit from which a
metal or metals are not
extracted. It
is important to note that gangue minerals in one
mineral deposit may be ore minerals in
another (e.g. pyrite,
barite,
fluorite). The most common gangue minerals are
quartz,
calcite, fluorite, siderite and
calcite
the leached and oxidized near-
surface part of an ore deposit,
usually
composed of iron oxide/hydroxide and quartz.
the metal content of an ore.
the body of rock surrounding an ore
body.
a common term used for a mixture
of amorphous iron oxides
and
hydroxides.
an old term for an ore
deposit consisting of the ore itself along
with the host rock.
a
measure of a body's resistance to a change in
velocity.
(measured in kilograms (kg)).
an ore consisting of mostly ore
minerals with very little gangue
and/or
host rock.
Gangue
（脉石）
Gossan
（铁帽）
Grade
Host rock
Limonite
Lode
（矿脉）
Mass
Massive ore
（块状矿石）
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Term
Metallogenic
provinces
Mineral
Definition
regions in which
a series of mineral deposits possess common
characteristics.
a naturally
occurring, inorganic solid with a definite
chemical
composition and a regular
atomic structure. From this basis
comes
all of a mineral's physical properties.
any naturally occurring body of
minerals which is wholly or
partly of
economic value. The value lies in the ore minerals
and
not the body of minerals as a
whole.
an anomalous concentration of
an element of economic
importance
within a rock body. Mineralization may be visible
to
the naked eye (as is normally the
case with base metals such as
copper,
lead and zinc) or invisible (as is normally the
case with
gold). The term
mineralization is a geological one and has no
economic implications.
the
parts of a mineral deposit where the ore minerals
are
concentrated into an economically
extractable mass.
a mineral from which
a useful metal (or non-metal such as
fluorite) may be extracted profitably.
a popular term for bornite, the copper
iron sulfide mineral.
the most common
ore of uranium, which is dominantly
composed of the mineral uraninite.
ore minerals formed from either hot
magmas or fluids.
the density of a
substance to that of water (weight divided by
loss of weight in water).
a
popular name for cassiterite, the main ore of tin.
a tabular or sheet-like body of
minerals that has intruded into
joints
or fissures in the rock.
the country
rock (surrounding rock) of a vein or ore body.
the force with which an
object of certain mass is attracted by
gravity to the Earth or another body.
(measured in Newtons : N)
Mineral
deposit
Mineralization
Ore
body
Ore mineral
Peacock
ore
Pitchblende
Primary
ore
Specific gravity
Tinstone
Vein
Wall rock
Weight
Alteration
（蚀变作用）
:
A change
in the mineralogy of the country rock or ore as a
result
of a chemical reaction with
hydrothermal solutions. For example, mafic
minerals such as
hornblende or biotite
may alter to chlorite and feldspars may alter to
clay. An alteration
zone describes
rocks which have been altered to a specific group
of secondary or alteration
minerals,
usually around the perimeter of a mineral deposit.
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Applied
Mineralogy :
Application of
mineralogical information.
Automated
Mineralogy :
A generic term describing
a range of analytical solutions, areas
of commercial enterprise, and a growing
field of scientific research and engineering
applications involving largely
automated and quantitative analysis of minerals,
rocks and
man-made materials.
Base Metals :
Industrial
non-ferrous metals such as nickel, copper, lead
zinc, excluding
precious metals.
Breccia :
Angular fragments
of rock produced by movement along a fault or
explosive
igneous activity. The
material which surrounds the fragments and cements
them together is
called matrix and
might be vein minerals, igneous material or very
fine rock fragments.
Chimney :
Also referred to as a pipe, this is a
vertically oriented, cylindrical body, often a
breccia, of vein or replacement
mineralization.
Concentrator :
The plant, on or near a mine site,
where comminution, sizing and
concentration of ore occurs.
Concordant :
Any geologic body, such as an ore
deposit, which lies within or parallel to
volcanic or sedimentary bedding and
does not cut across the bedding structures. (Also
conformable ).
Core :
A cylindrical sample of rock.
Country Rock :
The rock which surrounds the ore
deposit. Also referred to as wall-rock, in
particular that rock on either side of
a vein.
Cuttings :
Small
pieces of rock that break away due to the action
of the drill bit teeth.
Cut-off :
The cut-off grade
is the arbitrarily defined lowest grade which will
be mined from
an ore deposit, and
usually defines the boundary of the deposit. For
example, if the average
grade of a
porphyry deposit is 0.5% Cu, the cut-off might be
0.2% Cu. Any rock with a
grade below
0.2% Cu would therefore be considered waste.
Concentrate :
The residue of
valuable metal from which most of the waste rock
has been
removed. The residue metal
becomes the raw material for smelting.
Discordant :
A geologic
body, such as a dyke or vein, which cuts across
primary rock
structures such as
bedding.
Epigenetic :
If a
mineral deposit formed much later than the rocks
which enclose it, it is
said to be
epigenetic. An example is a vein.
Fault :
A planar feature or
fracture zone along which displacement has
occurred.
Field/Frame :
An
area scanned by the electron beam during automated
measurement.
Field Size :
The size of the field scanned during
automated measurement.
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Froth Flotation :
Froth flotation is a process for
selectively separating hydrophobic
materials from hydrophilic ones. This
is used in several processing industries.
Historically
this was first used in the
mining industry.
Footwall :
The lower contact of an inclined vein,
or the wall rock which lies on the lower
side of a dipping vein.
Gangue :
Those minerals
which occur with the ore minerals but which have
no commercial
value, such as quartz,
calcite or pyrite.
Geology
:
Study of the Earth as a whole, its
origin, structure, composition, and history, and
the nature of the processes which have
given rise to its present state.
Geoscience :
An umbrella
term for the sciences related to planet Earth such
geology,
geophysics, geochemistry.
(Also known as Geosciences, Earth Science or the
Earth
Sciences).
Gossan :
A rusty, surficial weathering zone
which is caused by the oxidation of pyrite to
produce secondary iron oxide minerals.
Since pyrite is often associated with ore
deposits,
gossans can be a guide to
ore.
Grade :
The
concentration of each metal in a rock sample,
usually given as weight percent.
If
concentrations are extremely low, as with Au, Ag,
Pt and others, the concentration may
be
given in grams per tonne (g/t). The average grade
of an ore deposit is calculated, often
employing very sophisticated
statistical procedures, as an average of the
grades of a very
large number of
samples collected from throughout the deposit.
Grain :
An individual
mineral grain.
Grain size :
An area within the measured image
comprising a single mineral.
Hangingwall :
The upper
contact of an inclined vein.
Host rock
:
The rock within which the ore deposit
occurs.
Hydrothermal :
Hot
water or hydrothermal solutions have actually been
observed forming
mineral deposits, for
example, the
such as Cu, Pb, Au or
other metals are dissolved in a hot aqueous
solution along with other
deposit
constituents such as Si, S and Fe. These elements
are deposited to form the ore and
gangue minerals in response to a change
in the solution, very often a sharp decrease in
temperature.
Liberation :
A term used by applied mineralogists
and metallurgists to describe the
textural make-up of particles in
various streams within mineral processing plants.
Liberation is typically studied,
estimated and quantified using 2D sections of
particles, and
this is best achieved by
setting them in epoxy and exposing their cross-
sectional geometry
by combinations of
cutting, grinding and polishing. Examination of
images of particles
allows for the
classification of each particle in terms of
whether it is ‘pure’, ‘barren’ or
‘locked’. This classification of
particles is typically based on the volume of the
mineral of
interest in each particle
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