-
大学英语六级考试真题模拟及参考答案
2
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are
allowed 30 minutes to write an essay
on
the importance of team spirit and communication in
the
should write at least 150 words
but no more than 200 words.
【参考范文】
The
Importance of Team Spirit and Communication in the
Workplace
When it comes to the team
spirit and communication, all of us ought to
see it in perspective. Fortunately,
with the society commercializing
and
competition becoming fierce, a substantial number
of
people are
paying due
attention to it.
It is apparent that we
are supposed to be aware of the importance of
team
spirit
and
communication,
especially
in
can
anyone
achieve
success
in
his
career
without
the
assistance
of
his
colleagues and
communication with his partners. As grows
increasingly
fierce,
we
must
defeat
our
rivals
through
powerful
team
work.
Take
basketball star Yao Ming for an
example. He can slam the duck smartly
because all his teammates contribute
more or less to his outstanding
performance. If we work separately, we
will be confined to frail minds
and
limited resources.
On the basis of the
analysis above, we may draw a conclusion that team
spirit
and
communication
really
count
in
this
competitive
society.
Therefore,
we
should
associate
ourselves
harmoniously
with
our
companions
in
every
attempt
towards
our
goals.
In
addition,
it
is
indispensable to train our kids
frequently to interact smoothly with
others
in
a
team.
As
the
frequently-quoted
proverb
goes,
unity
is
strength.
【参考译文】
当谈到团队精神和沟通，
我们所有人都应该正确看待它。
幸运的是，
随着社会的
商业化和竞争的日益激
烈，很多人对此给予了应有的重视。
很明显，
我们应该意识到团队精神和沟通的重要性，
尤其是在工作场所，
更是如
此。没有同事的帮助和与合作伙伴的沟通，任何人都不可能在事业上取得
成功。
随着竞争的日益激烈，
我们必须通过强大的团队合作打败
对手。
以篮球明星姚明
为例，
他能把球
打得很漂亮，
因为他所有的队友或多或少都对他出色的表现做出
了贡献。
如果我们不与其他人合作及沟通的话，
我们将被限制在
脆弱的思想和有
限的资源中。
基于以
上分析，
我们可以得出结论，
在这个竞争激烈的社会中，
团队精神和沟通
真的很重要。因此，我们应该与我们的伙伴和谐相处，
为我们的目标而努力。此
外，
经常训练我们的孩子在团队中与他
人顺畅互动是必不可少的。
常言道，
团结
就是力量。
PartⅡ Listening
Comprehension (30 minutes)
说
明：由于
2019
年
6
月六级考试全国共考了
2
套听力，本套真题听力与前<
/p>
2
套
内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因
此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part Ⅲ
Reading Comprehension
(40
minutes)
Section
A
Directions: In this
section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You
are required to select one word for
each blank from a list of choices
given
in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through
carefully
before
making
your
choices.
Each
choice
in
the
bank
is
identified by a letter. Please mark the
corresponding letter for each
item on
Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may
not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the
following passage.
Steel is
valued for its reliability, but not when it gets
cold. Most
forms of steel 26 become
brittle (
脆的
) at temperatures
below about -
25℃
unless
they
are
mixed
with
other
metals.
Now,
though,
a
novel
type
of
steel
has
been
developed
that
resists
27
at
much
lower
temperatures, while retaining its
strength and toughness - without the
need for expensive 28 .
Steel's
fragility
at
low
temperatures
first
became
a
major
concern
during the Second
World War. After German U-boats torpedoed
(
用鱼雷攻
击
)
numerous
British
ships,
a
2700-strong
fleet
of
cheap-
and-
cheerful“Liberty ships”was
introduced to replace the lost vessels,
providing
a
lifeline
for
the
29
British.
But
the
steel
shells
of
hundreds of the ships 30
in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in
half and sank.
Brittleness
remains a problem when building steel structures
in cold
conditions, such as oil rigs in
the Arctic. So scientists have 31 to
find a solution by mixing it with
expensive metals such as nickel.
Yuuji
Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more
physical 32 Rather
than adding other
metals, they developed a complex mechanical
process
involving
repeated
heating
and
very
severe
mechanical
deformation,
known as
tempforming.
The resulting steel
appears to achieve a combination of strength and
toughness that is 33 to that of modem
steels that are very rich in
alloy content and, therefore, very
expensive.
Kimura's team intends to use
its tempformed steel to make ultra-high
strength parts, such as bolts. They
hope to reduce both the number of
34
needed in a construction job and their weight - by
replacing solid
supports with 35 tubes,
for example. This could reduce the amount of
steel
needed
to
make
everything
from
automobiles
to
buildings
and
bridges.
A) abruptly I)
cracked
B) additives J) fractures
C) approach K) hollow
D)
ardently L) relevant
E) besieged M)
reshuffled
F) channel N) strived
G) comparable O) violent
H)
components
26-30 A J B E I
31-35 N C G H K
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are
going to read a passage with ten
statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given
in
one
of
the
paragraphs.
Identify
the
paragraph
from
which
the
information
is
derived.
You
may
choose
a
paragraph
more
than
once.
Each
paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
questions by marking
the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The future of
personal satellite technology is here - are we
ready for
it?
A)
Satellites used to be the exclusive
playthings of rich governments
and
wealthy
corporations.
But
increasingly,
as
space
becomes
more
democratized, they
are coming within reach of ordinary
people. Just
like drones
(
无人机
) before them, miniature
satellites are beginning
to
fundamentally transform our conceptions of who
gets to do what up
above our heads.
B)
As a recent report from
the National Academy of Sciences highlights,
these satellites hold tremendous
potential for making satellite-based
science
more
accessible
than
ever
before.
However,
as
the
cost
of
getting
your
own
satellite
in
orbit
drops
sharply,
the
risks
of
irresponsible
use
grow.
The
question
here
is
no
longer“Can
we?”but“Should
we?”What
are
the
potential
downsides
of
having
a
slice
of
space
densely
populated
by
equipment
built
by
people
not
traditionally
labeled
as“professionals”?
And
what
would
the
responsible
and
beneficial
development
and
use
of
this
technology
actually
look
like?
Some
of
the
answers
may
come
from
a
nonprofit
organization that has been building and
launching amateur satellites
for nearly
50 years.
C)
Having your personal satellite launched
into orbit might sound like
an idea
straight out of science fiction. But over the past
few decades
a
unique
class
of
satellites
has
been
created
that
fits
the
bill:
CubeSats. The“Cube”here simply refers
to the satellite's shape. The
most
common
CubeSat
is
a
10cm
cube,
so
small
that
a
single
CubeSat
could easily be mistaken for a
paperweight on your desk. These
mini-
satellites
can
fit
in
a
launch
vehicle's
formerly“wasted
space.”Multiples
can
be
deployed
in
combination
for
more
complex
missions than could be achieved by one
CubeSat alone.
D)
Within
their compact bodies these
minute
satellites are able to
house
sensors
and
communications
receivers/transmitters
that
enable
operators to study
Earth from space, as well as space around Earth.
They're
primarily
designed
for
Low
Earth
Orbit
(LEO)
-
an
easily
accessible region of space from around
200 to 800 miles above Earth,
where
human-tended
missions like the Hubble
Space Telescope and the
International
Space Station (ISS) hang out. But they can attain
more
distant
orbits;
NASA
plans
for
most
of
its
future
Earth-escaping
payloads (to the moon and Mars
especially) to carry CubeSats.
E)
Because they're so small and light, it
costs much less to get a
CubeSat into
Earth's orbit than a traditional communications or
GPS
satellite.
For
instance,
a
research
group
here
at
Arizona
State
University recently
claimed their developmental small CubeSats could
cost as little as $$3,000 to put in
orbit. This decrease in cost a11ows
researchers, hobbyists and even
elementary school groups to put simple
instruments into LEO or even having
them deployed from the ISS.
F)
The
first
CubeSat
was
created
in
the
early
2000s,
as
a
way
of
enabling Stanford
graduate students to design, build, test and
operate
a spacecraft with similar
capabilities to the USSR's Sputnik
(
前苏联
的人造卫星
). Since
then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office and
even Boeing have all launched and
operated CubeSats. There arc more
than
130 currently in operation. The NASA Educational
Launch of Nano
Satellite program, which
offers free launches for educational groups
and science missions, is now open to
U.S. nonprofit corporations as
well.
Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket
scientists anymore.
G)
The
National
Academy
of
Sciences
report
emphasizes
CubeSats'
importance in
scientific discovery and the training of future
space
scientists
and
engineers.
Yet
it
also
acknowledges
that
widespread
deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-
flee. The greatest concern the
authors
raise is space debris -
pieces
of“junk”th
at orbit the earth,
with
the
potential
to
cause
serious
damage
if
they
collide
with
operational units, including the ISS.
H)
Currently, there aren't
many CubeSats and they're tracked closely.
Yet
as
LEO
opens
up
to
more
amateur
satellites,
they
may
pose
an
increasing threat. As the report
authors point out, even near-misses
might lead to the“creation of a
burdensome regulatory framework and
affect the future disposition of
science CubeSats.”
I)
CubeSat
researchers
suggest
that
now's
the
time
to
ponder
unexpected
and
unintended
possible
consequences
of
more
people
than
ever having access to their own small
slice of space. In an era when
you can
simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf, how can we
trust the
satellites over our heads
were developed with good intentions by people
who knew what they were doing?
Some“expert amateurs”in the satellite
game could provide some inspiration for
how to proceed responsibly.
J)
In
1969,
the
Radio
Amateur
Satellite
Corporation
(AMSAT)
was
created in order to
foster ham radio enthusiasts'
(
业余无线电爱好者
)
participation
in
space
research
and
communication.
It
continued
the
efforts, begun in 1961, by Project
OSCAR- a U.S.-based group that built
and launched the very first
nongovernmental satellite just four years
after
Sputnik.
As
an
organization
of
volunteers,
AMSAT
was
putting“amateur”satellites
in
orbit
decades
before
the
current
CubeSat craze. And
over time, its members have learned a thing or two
about responsibility. Here,
development has been a central
principle,
Within
the
organization,
AMSAT
has
a
philosophy
of
open
sourcing
everything
making
technical
data
on
all
aspects
of
their
satellites fully
available to everyone in the organization, and
when
possible, the public. According to
a member of the team responsible
for
FOX 1-A, AMSAT's first CubeSat, this means that
there s no way to
sneak something like
explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur
satellite when everyone has access to
the designs and implementation.
K)
However,
they're
more
cautious
about
sharing
information
with
nonmembers, as the
organization guards against others developing the
ability
to
hijack
and
take
control
of
their
satellites.
This
form
of“self
-
governance”is
possible
within
long
-standing
amateur
organizations
that,
over
time,
are
able
to
build
a
sense
of
responsibility to
community members, as well as society in general.
But what happens when new players
emerge, who don't have deep roots
within the existing culture?
L)
Hobbyists and students
are gaining access to technologies without
being
part
of
a
long-standing
amateur
establishment.
They're
still
constrained by funders, launch
providers and a series of regulations
-
all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can
and cannot do. But
there's
a
danger
they're
ill-equipped
to
think
through
potential
unintended
consequences. What these unintended consequences
might be
is admittedly far from clear.
Yet we know innovators can be remarkably
creative with taking technologies in
unexpected directions. Think of
something as seemingly benign as the
cellphone - we have microfinance
and
text-based
social
networking
at
one
end
of
the
spectrum,
and
improvised
(
临时制作的
) explosive devices at
the other.
M)
This is where a culture of social
responsibility around CubeSats
becomes
important
-
not
simply
to
ensure
that
physical
risks
are
minimized, but to engage with a much
larger community in anticipating
and
managing less obvious consequences of the
technology. This is not
an easy task.
Yet the'evidence from AMSAT and other areas of
technology
development suggests that
responsible amateur communities can and do
emerge around novel technologies. The
challenge here, of
course,
is
ensuring that what an amateur
communities considers to be responsible,
actually
is.
Here's
where
there
needs
to
be
a
much
wider
public
conversation
that
extends
beyond
government
agencies
and
scientific
communities
to
include
students,
hobbyists,
and
anyone
who
may
potentially stand to be affected by the
use of CubeSat technology.
36. Given
the easier accessibility to space, it is time to
think about
how to prevent misuse of
satellites.
37. A group of mini-
satellites can work together to accomplish more
complex tasks.
38. The
greater accessibility of mini-satellites increases
the risks
of their irresponsible use.
39. Even school pupils can have their
CubeSats put in orbit owing to
the
lowered launching cost.
40.
AMSAT
is
careful
about
sharing
information
with
outsiders
to
prevent hijacking of their satellites.
41. NASA offers to launch CubeSats free
of charge for educational and
research
purposes.
42. Even with constraints, it
is possible for some creative developers
to take the CubeSat technology in
directions that result in harmful
outcomes.
43. While making
significant contributions to space science,
CubeSats
may pose hazards to other
space vehicles.
44. Mini-satellites
enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space
around it.
45. AMSAT
operates on the principle of having all its
technical data
accessible to its
members, preventing the abuse of amateur
satellites.
36-40 M C B E K
41-45 F L G D J
Section C
Directions:
There
are
2
passages
in
this
passage
is
followed by some questions or
unfinished each of them
there are four
choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide
on
the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the
following passage.
When
I
re-entered
the
full-time
workforce
a
few
years
ago
after
a
decade of solitary self-employment,
there was one thing I was looking
forward to the most: the opportunity to
have work friends once again.
It wasn’t
until I entered the corporate world that I
realized, for me
at least, being
friends with colleagues didn’t emerge as a
priority
at all. This is surprising
when you consider the prevailing emphasis
by scholars and trainers and managers
on the importance of cultivating
close
interpersonal
relationships
at
work.
So
much
research
has
explored the way in which collegial
(
同事的
) ties can help overcome
a
range of
workplace
issues affecting productivity and the
quality of
work output such
as team-based conflict, jealousy, undermining,
anger,
and more.
Perhaps
my
expectations
of
lunches,
water-cooler
gossip
and
caring,
deep-
and-meaningful conversations were a legacy of the
last time I was
in that kind of office
environment. Whereas now, as I near the end of
my fourth decade, I realize work can be
fully functional and entirely
fulfilling without needing to be best
mates with the people sitting
next to
you.
In
an
academic
analysis
just
published
in
the
profoundly-respected
Journal
of
Management,
researchers
have
looked
at
the
concept
of
“indifferent relationships”. It’s a
simple term that encapsulates
(
概括
)
the
fact
that
relationships
at
work
can
reasonably
be
non-
intimate,
inconsequential,
unimportant
and
even,
dare
I
say
it,
disposable or substitutable.
Indifferent
relationships
are
neither
positive
nor
negative.
The
limited
research
conducted
thus
far
indicates
they’re
especially
dominant
among
those
who
value
independence
over
cooperation,
and
harmony over confrontation.
Indifference is also the preferred option
among those who are socially lazy.
Maintaining relationships over the
long
term takes effort. For some of us, too much
effort.
As noted above, indifferent
relationships may not always be the most
helpful approach in resolving some of
the issues that pop up at work.
But
there are nonetheless several empirically proven
benefits. One of
those is efficiency.
Less time chatting and socializing means more time
working and churning
(
产出
).
The other
is self-
esteem. As human beings, we’re
primed to compare
ourselves
to
each
other
in
what
is
an
anxiety-inducing
phenomenon.