-
英
式
英
语
和
美
式
英
语
的
区
别
集团标准化办公室：
[VV986T-J682P28-JP2
66L8-68PNN]
American: elevator
（
< br>电
梯
）
British: lift
American: sidewalk
（人行道）
British:
pavement
American:
apartment
（公寓）
British: flat
American: movie theater
（电影院）
British:
cinema
American: eggplant
（茄子）
British:
aubergine
American: cookie
（饼干）
British:
biscuit
American: french fries
（薯条）
British:
chips
American:
chips
（薯条或薯片）
British: crisps
American: pants
（裤子）
British:
trousers
American: trash
can, garbage can
（垃圾桶）
British: dustbin
American: two weeks
（两周）
British: a
fortnight
语言提示：
pants
（裤子）一词在英国有特殊含义，它指的是男士
underwear
（内裤）。
美式英语和英式英语的语法差异
美式
英语和英式英语的语法大部分相同，不过还是有一些差异。虽然这些差异不一定都很明显，但如果能认出它们是<
/p>
美国人通常用
have
来表示拥有（财产
）；而说英国人有时会有
have
got
。
Ame
rican:
I?
have
a
car.
British:
I
've
got
a car.
American:
Do you
have
a cellphone
British:
Have you
got
a mobile phone
American:
Elijah
already?
returned
from
London.
British:
E
lla?
has
already
ret
urned
from New York.
American:
I just?
w
ent
shopping.
Brit
ish:
I
've
just been
shopping.
美国人经常用一般过去式表示最近发生的
事。相比之下，英国人常用现在完成时。
?
< br>在遇到例如
?
team
和
family
这样的集合名词时，说美式英语的人用动词的单数形式，
而说英式英语的人则用复数形式
American:
My son's
team?
is
the best.
British:
My daughter's
team?
are
the best.
American:
Her
family?
volunteers
at the
local library.
British:
Her
family?
volunteer
at the local
library.
American:
My grandparents
visit?
on
the
weekends.
British:
My grandparents
visit?
at
the
weekends.
American:
Sofia
played?
on
our soccer
team.
British:
Sofia
played?
in
our football
team.
美国人和英国人对于介词的用法也不尽相同。
?
美国人经常使用动词
take+
宾语表示日常活
动。相比之下，英国人通常使用动词
have+
宾语。
?
American:
Let's?<
/p>
take a break
.
British:
Let's?
have a
break
.
American:
I'm going
to?
take a shower
.
British:
I'm going
to?
have a shower
.
文化提示：有时候人们会认为英式英语更正式，而美式英语更随意。然而事实并非如此；
它们只是某些方面不一样罢
讨论表述事物的方法
使用这些表达来询问和解释如何表述事物。
A: What's the British English word for
'eggplant'
英式英语里“茄子”用哪个词？
B: The British English equivalent is
'aubergine.'
英式英语里“茄子”是“
aube
rgine
”。
A: How do
you say 'trash can' in British English?
英式英语里“垃圾桶”怎么说？
B:
We call it the 'dustbin.'
我们管它叫“
dustbin
”。
A:
Is it correct to say 'at the weekend' in American
English?
美式英语里“
at the
weekend
”（在周末）
B: No, we don't
really say it like that. We use 'on the weekend.'
不是的，我们一般不这么说。我们
末）。
A: Can you tell me where the lift is
你能告诉我
lift
（电梯）在哪吗<
/p>
B: Sure, it's
right over there. But 'lift' has a different
meaning in the US. Here, we say 'elevator.'
“
lift
”在美国有不同的意思。我们这管它叫“<
/p>
elevator
”。
If you travel in China, you'll
certainly hear people speaking Chinese. It's also
likely, however, tha
language
–
English
–
spoken, for example,
between a Brazilian consultant collaborating with
a Chines
translator meeting a Nigerian
CEO. English is a world language that has created
a new global community
with each other.
Nearly 100 countries identify English as their
main language, as an official
language
government. About 1 billion
people worldwide say they speak
English.
Most people would
agree that English plays a major role in the
business world. Many companies require
and international meetings, travel and
contracts are often carried out primarily in
English. People wh
better living and, in
some industries, may work in more innovative
environments.
Although
business English has developed as a tool for
survival, English also seems to have been
willin
through the internet, movies, TV
shows, computer games and
advertisements. Indeed, most
countrie
word 'internet' itself. In
Spain, people may say they play 'basketball,' and
Koreans grab a quick cup
television
programs that are popular in the States are even
more popular in other countries. What's
mo
paint a positive image of the US and
even have the power to improve international
relations,
according
producer.
But is this positive image always
accurate, especially when one language dominates
to such an extent t
cultural agenda By
the next century, half of the world's estimated
7,000 languages may already have di
them
in favor of a global language such as English,
Mandarin or Spanish. Although it's convenient to
s
language, we mustn't forget the
smaller languages, and cultures, that are in
danger because of the
rap
叙述一个别人跟你讲过的故事
用诸如
say
、
ask
、
tell
和
think
这样的动词来帮助你叙述别人跟你讲过的故事。在这个例子中，请注意引号表示别人
过去时和现在时的不停转换。
Gavin, who's from the UK, says, 'I just
bought a new lorry.'
加文是英国人，他说：“我刚买了
And I
thought, 'What's a lorry'
我心想，“什么是
lorry
？”
<
/p>
你叙述故事时还可以不直接引用别人的话。请注意这时不能用引号。
So, I asked him what he meant.
所以我问他什么意思。
He begins by telling me that a lorry is
the British English word for truck.
<
/p>
他就开始跟我说
l
思。
< br>
你可以用不那么常用的动词，比如
admit
、
claim
、
con
firm
、
deny
和
insist
来更准确地表述故事。这类动词也可
Then, Gavin
claims that he can use recycled cooking oil from
restaurants as 'petrol' in his new truck.
车可以用餐馆回收的食用油当“
petrol
”（汽油）。
First, I confirmed that
'petrol' means 'gas' in American English.
首先，我确定“
petrol
”
油）。
Then, I insisted that we use real
gasoline.
然后，我坚持说我们要用真汽油。
At first Gavin denied I had a point,
but he later admitted it.
起初加文不认为我的话有道理，但
在叙述中使用问句可以增加戏剧性和悬念。
Anyway, we drive in his new
truck to grab some french fries at the local
burger place. And guess what
的新卡车去当地的汉堡店买薯条。然后你猜怎么着
Gavin asks the waitress
…
um, what was it Oh, yeah:
'Can you cook my fries in extra oil'
加
哦，对了：“炸薯条时可以多放点油吗？”
< br>
And I said, 'Are you kidding me'
我说：“你开什么玩笑？”
Do you ever feel like someone
misunderstands you when you're speaking English
And, vice versa, do you
understand
someone else Guess what You're not alone. Most
people experience these misunderstandings,
w
'communication breakdowns.'
Communication breakdowns usually occur because of
differences in pronuncia
or cultural
misunderstandings.
Fortunately, there are strategies you
can use to help avoid or repair a communication
breakdown and ke
First, don't worry.
Everybody makes mistakes when speaking. Focus on
the language you can say instead
example, if you can't think of the word
'hood' when talking about your car, simply
describe it: 'It's
the car
engine.'
During a
conversation, remember to look at the other
person's facial expressions. Does he or she seem
'Sorry
–
I'm not
sure what you mean' If so, make sure you are
clearly pronouncing your words. Repeat
also repeat it using different language
with the same meaning. Let's say you described a
'hood' as 'th
the car engine.' If the
other person is confused, you could say: 'It's the
big metal cover you lift
up
car.'
On the
other hand, when you're having trouble
understanding what someone else is saying, inform
the pe
confused. You can politely use
expressions like:
'I'm
having trouble understanding. Could you please
slow down'
'Sorry
–
I didn't catch that. Would
you mind repeating what you just said'
'Sorry
–
what was
that'
'I missed that. Could
you say it again'
If you're
not sure you understand what the speaker just
said, you could try to confirm your
understand
heard. Use expressions like
these to confirm your understanding.
'If I understand you correctly, you're
saying that _____.'
'If I'm
following you correctly, they claim that
_____.'
'Just to be sure I
understand, she's denying that _____.'
If you're feeling uncertain about your
language ability during a conversation, you
might want to avoid using language that
depends on culture, like humor or certain
very informal words. Language that
depends on culture can more easily create a
communication breakdown.