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1
1.1 The Concept of
International Trade
国际贸易的观念
International trade is the
exchange of goods and services produced in
one
country for those produced in
another country. In most cases countries do not
trade the actual the goods and
services. Rather they use the income or money
fr
om the sale of their products to buy
the products of another country.
1.2
Introduction to International Payments and
Settlements
International
payments and settlements are financial activities
conducte
d among different countries in
which payments are effected or funds are
transfe
rred from one country to another
in order to clear relations of debts.
国际支付与结算是指为清偿国际间的债权债务
关系或跨国转移资金而发生在不同
国家之间的货币收付活动。
1.2
categories(
分类
)
(1)
、
According to
the cause of international settlement
International trade settleme
nt(
< br>国际贸易结算
)
International trade settlement is created on the
basis of sales of commod
ities.
国际贸易结算是指有形贸易活动（即由商品的进出口）引起的货币收付活动
.
（主要形
式）
International non-trade settlement
(
国际非贸易结算
)
invisible
trade
无形交易
financial
transaction
金融业
务
payment between
governments
政府间的款项
others
其他业务
(2)
、
According to whether
cash is used Cash
settlement(
现金结算
)
International payments is effected
by shipping precious metals taking the
form of coins, bars or bullions to or
from the trading countries. Non-
cash
settlement(
非现金结算
)
International payment is settled
by way of transferring funds through the
accounts opened in these banks.
Four major clearing systems in the
world(
四大清算系统
)
2.1 SWIFT(Society for Worldwide
Interbank Financial Telecommunication)
SWIFT is a service organization
established to meet a number of specialized
service needs relating to interbank
financial communications through a
dedicate
d data processing and
telecommunication system.
Membership
会员制
Low expenses
低费用
Security
安全性
Standardised
标
准化
2.2 CHIPS(The Clearing House Interbank Payment S
ystem).
纽约清算所同业支付系
统
2.3 CHAPS
（
Clearing
House Automated Payment System
）
< br>伦敦银行同业自动支付
系统
2.4
TATGET
（
Trans-European
Automated Real-Time Gross-Settlement Express
Transfer
）
泛欧实时全额自动清算系统
3.1 Correspondent
Bank
代理银行
Correspondent banking is an arrangement under
which one bank (correspondent
) holds
deposits owned by other banks (respondents) and
provides payment and ot
her services to
those respondent banks. Such arrangements may also
be known as
agency relationships in
some domestic contexts.
是接受其他国家或地区的银行委托，
代办国际结算业务或提供其他服务，并建立相互代理业务关系的银行。
< br>
2
。
Establishment of a
correspondent bank
Control
documents
可控制的文件
Correspondent
arrangement
建立代理关系
Specimen of authorized signatures
印鉴，是银行有权签字人的签字式样。
Telegraphic test key/SWIFT authentic ke
y
密押是用于识别银行电讯文件的数字密
码。
< br> Schedule of terms and conditions
费率表是银行在办理业务时收费的依
据。
Credit Instruments for
four
四种常用于国际结算的信用票据
Negotiable
instrument
可转让的票据
Negotiable instrument, also known as
credit instrument, is an unconditional
ord
er or promise to pay a certain
amount of money. It can easily be transferable.
Functions (
票据的功能
)
As a means of payment;
付款方式
As a credit instrument;
信用票据
As a means
of finance.
金融工具
As a
transferable
instrument;
可转让的票据
Bill of
Exchange
汇票
A
bill of exchange is defined officially as an
unconditional order in writing ,
addressed by one person to another, signed by the
first person, requiring the
second
person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand,
or at a fixed or determ
inable future
time, a certain amount of money, to, or to the
order of, a specif
ied person or to the
bearer.
无条件的
书面命令
汇票是由一个人
(drawer)
向
另一个人
(drawee)
签发的，要求受票人见
票时或在未来某一规定的或可以确定的时间
(tenor)
< br>将一定金额的款项支付给某一特定的人
或其指定人，或持票人
(payee)
。
Essentials of a bill of
exchange
绝对必要事项：
Such words as
“bill
of
exchange”exchange;
draft or
so
书面写有汇票字样
An unconditional order in writing
无条件的支付命令
name and
address of the drawee (addressee
payer)
付款人名字和地址
signature or
stamp of the drawer
出票人的签名和盖
章
date of the issue
开立的日期
About some
dollars
确定的金额
name or business entity of the payee
收款人的名字或商务实体
Acts
of a bill of exchange
汇票的票据行为
Issue/draw
（出票）
draw and sign a draft
出票人写汇票并且签字
2
、
deliver it to
the payee
出票人将汇票交付给收款人
Endorsement
（背书）
When the holder of a draft wants to
transfer or pass its title to another
perso
n, he should sign on the back of
the draft and deliver it to the endorsee.
It
?
s an act of negotiation.
（
1
）背书人不再是票据的持票人，需
向其后手承担担保承兑和付款的责任。
（
< br>2
）被背书人成为持票人，
享有票据权利
Presentation
（提示）
Present for
acceptance
提示承兑
< br>我国见票给付
1
个月期限
Present for payment
提示付款
日内瓦规定到期日前后两个营业日
Acceptance
（承兑）
3
Acceptance of a draft is a signification by the
drawee of his assent to the o
rder given
by the drawer. He engages, by signing his name
across the face of th
e bill that he
will pay when it falls
due
（到期）
.
Paymen
t
（付款）债务人完成债券的偿还
Dishonor
（拒付或退票）
Act of dishonor is a failure or refusal
to make acceptance on or payment of a
d
raft when presented.
拒绝承兑；拒绝
付款；避而不见；死亡；破产，被责令
Recourse
（追索）
object to recourse: drawer, endorser,
acceptor, other debtor order: in order
or
not in order; normally directly to
the drawer
持有合格的票据；
持票人尽责（提
示）
；发生拒付
Guarantee
（保证）
guarantor
：
a
third party
保证人是第三方
warrantee
：
drawer,
acceptor, endorser
被保证人是出票人，承兑人，背书人
Sum in money recoursed:
追索需要的费包括
2 1.
Par amount (interest included);
Lost
interest
3. Charges result from notice
ofdishonor and protest
汇票的贴现
:
持票人在票据到期前为获取现款向银行贴付一定的利息所做的票据转让。
贴现
的计算：贴现净值＝到期价值－贴现利息<
/p>
贴现利息
D
＝
（
V
×
t
×<
/p>
r
）
/T
V
—到期价值
t
—贴现日到到期日的天数
r
—年贴现率
T
—
1
年的
基础天数（
360
天计）
带息应收票据利息的计算公式为：
应收票据利息
=
应收票据面值×利率×期限
应收票据到期价值
=
应收票据
面值×
(1
十利率×期限
)
“期限”是指票据签发日至到期日
的间隔时间。
A draft was issued on July
30th,2008. The par value was ten thousand RMB, the
r
ate of interest per annum was 8%. The
tenor was 3 months after sight and the
dr
awee accepted it on August 27th,
2008. The holder discounted the draft at the
r
ate of 10% per annum on September
19th, 2008. How much can the holder receive?
到期价值＝（
10000
×
8
％×
120
）
< br>/360
＋
10000
＝
10266.67
元
贴现利息＝（
10266.67
×
1
0
％
×
69
）
/360
＝
196.78
元
贴现净值＝
10266
.67
－
196.78
＝
10069.89
元
categories of draft
汇票的种类
（
1
）
according to
drawer banker
?
s bill
trade bill
（
2
）
according to whether documents are
attached clean bill documentary bill
（
3
）
according to
tenor sight draft Time bill
（
4
）
according to
acceptor Trader
?
s
acceptance bill
Banker
?
s acceptance bill
4
、
Promissory
Note
本票
A
promissory note is an unconditional promise in
writing made by one person (th
e maker)
to another (the payee or the holder), signed by
the maker engaging to
pay on demand, or
at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum
certain in mone
y to or to the order of
a specified person or to bearer.
出票人签发的，
承诺自己在
见票时无条件支付确定金额给收款人或者持票人的票
据。
我国的票据法中实际只规定了即期
银行本票。
Categories of a promissory note
本票的种类
Banker
’
s notes
and trader
’
s
notes(
银行本票和商业本票
an enterprise
or a person) Special
notes(
记名本票
) and note payable
to order(
指
示性本票
)
Sight notes and time
notes(
即期本票和远期本票
)
Banker
’
s notes are all sight
notes.
Three kinds of time notes: on
the 20th June 2008; At 90 days after date; At 90
days after sight
我国票据制度中的本票，必
须是“记名式银行即期本票”
Check
支票
A check is an unconditional order in
writing addressed by the customer to a
ban
k signed by that customer
authorizing the bank to pay on demand a specified
sum
of money to or to the order of a
named person or to
bearer.
支票
(Cheque or
Check)
是以银行为付款人的即期汇票。
Categories of a
check
支票的种
类
Check
payable to order(
记名支票
)
eg. Pay to A Co. only; Pay to A Co. or
order.
取款时须由收款人签章，方可支
取。
Check payable to
bearer(
不记名支票
)
It
can be payable without the signature of the bearer
and it can be transferred
by delivery.
支票上不记载收款人姓名无须在支票背后签章，只写“付来人”
，此项支票仅凭交付而转
让。
Crossed cheque
(
划线支票
)
A
crossing is in effect an instruction to the paying
bank from the drawer or ho
lder to pay
the fund to a bank only.
普通划线是在平行线中不注明
收款银行名称的支票，
收款人可以通过任何一家银行代收票款
入
账。
Chapter
5
：
International Bank Remitta
nce(
国际银行汇兑
)
银行间转换货
币清偿债
务。
Remittance refers to the transfer of funds from
one party to another am
ong different
countries through banks.
汇款，也称汇付。它是指银行或
其他金融机构
（汇出行
Remitting Bank
）应汇款人（付款人
Remitter
）的要求
，通过一定的方式将一定
的金额交给其国外的代理机构（汇入行
Paying Bank
）
，并由汇入行将款项解付给收款人<
/p>
（
Payee or
Beneficiary
）的一种结算方式。
Telegraphic Transfer, T/T
(
电汇汇款
)
Remittance by cable/telex/SWIFT is
often referred to as cable transfer or
teleg
raphic transfer, namely T/T.
电汇是汇出行应收款人的申请，
用加押电报、
电传
或
SWIFT
形式指示汇入行（国外联行或代理行）付款给收款
人的一种汇款方式。
Telegraphic
Transfer Procedure
电汇汇款的流程
5
Characteristics
电汇的特性
: It is
a kind of remittance(
顺汇
).
It is the fastest type but the charges
are also higher.
速度最快但是费用最高
In bank remittance, the T/T is in
preference to others. It is dealt on the
same
day and the bank
can
’
t use the funds under wa
y.
在银行汇款中，电汇是最好
的。
It is safe and
creditable.
安全可靠
Mail
Transfer, M/T (
信汇汇款
)
Remittance by airmail transfers funds
by means of a payment order, a mail
trans
fer advice, or sometimes an advice
issued by a remitting bank, at the request o
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