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英文作文文章的开头与结尾
一、英语作文的文章的正文
常见形式大致有以下几种：
1
．开门见山，揭示主题
文章一开头，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。
如
“
How I Spent My Vacatio
n
”
(
我怎样度假
)
的开
头是：
I Spent my last vacation
happily
．
下面是题为
Honesty(
谈诚实
< br>)
一文中的开头：
Honesty is one of the best
virtues
．
An honest man is
always trusted and
respecte
d
．湏琠敨挠湯牴牡
?
漠敮眠潨琠汥獬
氠敩
?
獩爠来牡敤
?
< br>獡愠尠楬牡，
and is looked
upon by honest
people
．
2
．交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头
在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如
A
Trip to Jinshan (
去金山旅游
)
的开头：
The
day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip
to Jinshan. The bus ride
there took three hours. The long trip
made us very tired, but the sight of the
beautiful sea refreshed us.
3.
回忆性的开头
用回忆的方法来开头。例如
A Trip to the
Taishan Mountain(
泰山游
)
的开头是：
I
remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as
if it were yesterday.
4
．概括性的开头
即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如
“
The Happiness of Reading
Books
”
(
读书的快乐
)
的开头：
People often say
that gold and silver are the most valuable things
in the world.
But I say
that to read books is more valuable than anything
else, because books
give us
knowledge and knowledge gives us power.
5
．介绍环境式的开头
即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如
“
An Accident
”
(
一场事故
)
的开头是
:
It was a rainy
and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the
temperature was
low, and
the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back
to school. Suddenly,
a
speeding car came round the corner.
6
．交待写作目的的开头。
在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评
谁，或说明一个什么问题等。如
Pollution
Control (
控制污染
)
的开头
：
In this
article I shall draw your attention to the subject
of pollution control.
二、英语作文的文章的正文
文章的正文是由若干段落组成的，
段落通常由几个或者更多的句子组成
，
有时候一个句子也能成
段。
文章的正文应以文章的开头为线索，具体地叙述、
说明或论证文章的主题。文章不论长短，
每个
段落
都必须为主题服务。
像说明文和议论文这一类的文章，
一个主题
还常分成几个小主题，
每个
小主题要用一个段落处理，另起一段
时，应是一层新的意思。每一段的开头，
要放一个表示段落
小主
题的主题句，这样可使文章条理化，易于阅读，
便于读者抓住主题。
段内的所有句子应围绕
主题句的意义加以阐述或论证，为中心思想服务。句子之间应
衔结自
资料
.
参考．
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然
，有条不紊，而且还要合乎逻辑，段落中不能出现任何与主题无关的句子；
英语写作比较
重视
主题句的作用，
缺少它段落意义就会含糊不清。
主题句也可放在段落的中间和末尾等部位，
但对
初
学者来说，
以放在段首为好。
见下列这篇题为
< br>How to Be a Good Student (
怎样做个好学生
)
的文章：
We students are the builders and
masters of the country. It is important for us
to know how to be a good
student.
A good student, I
think, should be diligent in his studies. The more
he studies,
the more he
will increase his knowledge. Without enough
knowledge, we cannot
make
great contributions to the modernization of our
country.
To take care of
one's own body is another important thing for good
student to
do. Anyone, who
hasn't got a strong body, can do nothing for his
country, even if
he has
much knowledge. There was a man, who, when he was
student, studied
hard but
neglected his health. No sooner did he come to
serve the country than
he
died of poor health. From this we may see that to
have a strong body is really
very important for a student.
Lastly, to cultivate one's
own virtue is most important. Virtue is the
essence
of a noble and good
character. It will greatly help one to be useful
and his
country heart and
soul. When learned people go astray, they do more
harm than
good to society.
We should draw lessons from this.
这篇文章的第一段引出了文章的主题，
第二、
第
三和第四段则是文章的正文，
每
—
段的
第一句即
是段落的主题句，
它们既支持了文章中心的观点和思想
，
同时又概括了全段的意思。
在同一段落
中，
其余的句子都围绕主题句所表示的中心展开，
同时句子间
的衔结也很自然；
各层的意思都很
连贯。
分段是文章组织上重要的一步，
但如果写的题目范围很小，
那就无须再将题目分成小的主题，
并
分入各个段落去阐述了。像一篇简短的评论；
某一事情的简短记
载，某一个想法的说明，对一个
人物或一件事情的简要叙述或说明等，就可以只用一个段
落来表现主题。
在记叙文中，段的
结构有时可以很简单，不需要有主题句，叙事一气呵成，中途没有停顿。段与
段之所以分
开，只是为了起修辞作用，以便把某一细节置于显著的地位。
某些测试用的表达题，
在题目中就已经说明只需要根据。
所给的提示写一个段落，
而不是一篇文
章。<
/p>
对于这一类的写作试题，
就可以予以简洁的处理，
并不是非要扩充成一篇有头有尾的完整文
章。
下面这篇题为
“
Weekend Ho
mework
”
(
谈周末作业
)
的短文，
就是用一个段落来论述问题和表达<
/p>
观点的。
Usually Saturday night is the time for
students to get back to their desks and
do their weekend homework.
Six school days are enough for the students who
have many other interests.
I think weekend homework should not be given. With
homework arranged for
Saturday night and the whole of Sunday, when can
he
find time to help around
the house, play a game of football or see a good
film, or